Opportunities to create new general surgery residency programs to alleviate the shortage of general surgeons

Purpose To estimate the capacity for supporting new general surgery residency programs among U.S. hospitals that currently do not have such programs. Method The authors compiled 2011 American Hospital Association data regarding the characteristics of hospitals with and without a general surgery residency program and 2012 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education data regarding existing general surgery residencies. They performed an ordinary least squares regression to model the number of residents who could be trained at existing programs on the basis of residency program-level variables. They identified candidate hospitals on the basis of a priori defined criteria for new general surgery residency programs and an out-of-sample prediction of resident capacity among the candidate hospitals. Results The authors found that 153 hospitals in 39 states could support a general surgery residency program. The characteristics of these hospitals closely resembled the characteristics of hospitals with existing programs. They identified 435 new residency positions: 40 hospitals could support 2 residents per year, 99 hospitals could support 3 residents, 12 hospitals could support 4 residents, and 2 hospitals could support 5 residents. Accounting for progressive specialization, new residency programs could add 287 additional general surgeons to the workforce annually (after an initial five- to seven-year lead time). Conclusions By creating new general surgery residency programs, hospitals could increase the number of general surgeons entering the workforce each year by 25%. A challenge to achieving this growth remains finding new funding mechanisms within and outside Medicare. Such changes are needed to mitigate projected workforce shortages

Search for jet extinction in the inclusive jet-pT spectrum from proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale

Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are presented based on the electroweak pair production of neutralinos and charginos, leading to decay channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons and undetected lightest SUSY particles (LSPs). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 19.5 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The main emphasis is neutralino pair production in which each neutralino decays either to a Higgs boson (h) and an LSP or to a Z boson and an LSP, leading to hh, hZ, and ZZ states with missing transverse energy (E-T(miss)). A second aspect is chargino-neutralino pair production, leading to hW states with E-T(miss). The decays of a Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair, to a photon pair, and to final states with leptons are considered in conjunction with hadronic and leptonic decay modes of the Z and W bosons. No evidence is found for supersymmetric particles, and 95% confidence level upper limits are evaluated for the respective pair production cross sections and for neutralino and chargino mass values

Linking the Wasatchian/Bridgerian Boundary to the Cenozoic Global Climate Optimum: New Magnetostratigraphic and Isotopic Results from South Pass, Wyoming

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148643/1/Clyde_et_al_2001_Palaeo-3-EECO_geochronology_in_Wyoming.pd

Total parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis mimicking large bile duct obstruction

The authors present a case of cholestatic jaundice which developed during total parenteral nutrition. The histology of the liver mimicked the picture of large bile duct obstruction. However, there was no duct obstruction and the symptoms regressed after the caloric input was reduced. At postmortem examination, the portal inflammatory infiltrate had cleared and was replaced by fibrosis. Alterations in bile chemistry could be responsible for the similarity between the lesions induced by parenteral feeding and those classically described in large bile duct obstruction.Case ReportsJournal ArticleFLWNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Nutrients, primary production and microbial heterotrophy in the southeastern Chukchi Sea: Arctic summer nutrient depletion and heterotrophy

12 pages, 3 figures, 3 tablesIn August 1993, we measured photosynthesis, chlorophyll a, bacterial secondary production, microbial community respiratory rate, bacterial abundance, dissolved free amino acids, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and dissolved oxygen in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Our cruise track was mostly in loose pack ice exceeding 50% ice cover, with heavier ice cover near 75° N. We sampled over the continental shelf and slope, in deep water in the Canadian Basin, and over the Chukchi Cap. Primary production was highest over the upper continental slope, averaging 748 mg C m-2 d-1. In deep water and heavier ice cover in the Canadian Basin, primary productivity averaged 123 mg C m-2 d-1. However, microbial community respiratory rates averaged 840 mg C m-2 d-1 over the upper slope and 860 mg C m-2 d- 1 in the Canadian Basin. Nitrate was virtually depleted in the upper mixed layer suggesting some nutrient limitation and dependence on regenerated ammonium in late summer. This is supported by f-ratios ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimates of annual primary production of organic carbon, both from our 14C and 13C assimilation measurements and from the supersaturation of dissolved oxygen in the upper mixed layer at all stations suggest that significant primary production occurs well beyond the continental shelves out into the so-called perennial pack ice. Respiratory activity in the upper mixed layer exceeded primary productivity at the deep-water stations, as it often does in summer oligotrophic conditions at lower latitudes. These observations suggest that rates of both autotrophic and heterotrophic biological activity in the upper mixed layer of the deep waters of the Arctic Ocean may be considerably higher than suspected and should be incorporated into models of polar processesPeer Reviewe