Acupressure has not an analgesic effect in patients with renal colic: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Easing renal colic (RC) pain is of the most important issues in the emergency departments. This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol in comparison to acupressure and intramuscular diclofenac in patients with RC. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 96 eligible patients with RC, visiting the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. The participants were selected by consecutive non-random sampling method, and were randomized in three groups, each comprising of 32 participants. The first and second groups received 75 mg intramuscular diclofenac and lg intravenous paracetamol, respectively. In the third group, three acupressure points were manually stimulated for six minutes. The pain score was measured by Visual Analog Scale for pain at baseline and after 10, 30, and 60 minutes. Collected information analyses by SPSS version 20 and interpreted using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (chi-square test). RESULTS The mean age was 31.60 +/- 7.42 years (range:18-50). The two methods (diclofenac and paracetamol groups) were significantly better in pain reduction compared to acupressure after 10 minutes (p<0.001). Ninety four percent of participants in diclofenac group, 87% of paracetamol group and none of acupressure group were completely satisfied with their treatment method (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that acupressure did not effectively reduces renal colic pain. It seems that contrary to acupressure, intravenous paracetamol is a safe and effective analgesic medicine for patients with RC.Mashhad University of Medical SciencesOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Investigation of the Risk Factors for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Background Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common causes of mental disability, which can be prevented in the case of early diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to study the some relevant risk factors for CH in neonates born in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a population-based case-control study conducted on 97,380 neonates.The study population consisted of neonates born from April, 2016 to March, 2018 and undergone a screening program for CH.Overall, 530 neonates diagnosed with CH by a specialist were assigned to a case group and the remaining were considered as controls. Information was extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®, Iran). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to determine the associations between independent variables and CH. Results: Of the 97,380 neonates, the case and control groups included 530 (248 females) and 96,860 (47,061 males) newborns, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the use of neonate formula (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.93, P=0.02), medication during pregnancy (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 0.86-1.94, P=0.23), maternal hypertension (AOR=3.25; 95% CI: 1.15-9.19, P=0.03), maternal depression (AOR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.16-4.14, P=0.02), maternal diabetes (AOR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.51-0.83, P=0.001), consanguineous marriage (AOR=1.34; 95% CI:1.12-1.60, P=0.002), place of residence, and birth season after adjusting for confounding variable remained in the final model. Conclusion: The study findings showed that birth season, place of residence, maternal hypertension and depression, and consanguineous marriage can be the main risk factors for CH. However, further studies are needed to analyze the findings of the present study to be more confident about the causality of these relationships

The survey statistical and biological of sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters)

This study have been conducted entitle biological and statistical sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters)” from 2009 to 2013. Sampling was manthly. Overal, 1859 specimens of different species of sturgeon was caught including Acipenserpersicus (69%), A. stellatus (19%), Husohuso (6%), A. nudiventris (4%) and A. guldenstaedtii (2%). Totally, the meat and caviar of five species were found 53263.6 kg and 5633 kg respectively and caviar to meat ratio was 10.6%. The results show that ration of meat and caviar whole species reduced from 2009 to 2012 in which the meat and caviar of A. persicus was declined from 12146 to 4465 kg in meat and caviar from 1358 to 487 kg were extremely reduced respectively. The CPUE (catch per unit effort) of sturgeon has fluctuated from 2009 to 2012. Totally, the CPUE of A. persicus was decreased from 0.150 (2009) to 0.130 (2012) kg boat per day, A. stellatue from 0.009 (2009) to 0.021 (2012) kg boat/day, A. guldenstaedtii from 0.002 (2009) to 0.003 (2012) kg boat/day, A. nudiventris from 0.027 (2009) to 0.001 (2012) kg boat/day and H. huso from 0.123 (2009) to 0.018 (2012) kg boat /day. 1061 specimens of fish has been caviar including A. persicus with 69%, A. stellatus (18.1%), H. huso (5.5%), A. guldenstaedtii (2.7%). The frequency of caviar categorize was included 1 , 2, 3 and massive with 49.6%, 38%), 10.6% and 1.9% , respectively. The highest of meat and caviar belong to A. persicus with 31414 kg and 3515.7 kg, respectively were found and the lowest was 841kg and 105.9 kg pertain to A. guldenstaedtii. The results show that 65.9% of sturgeon was caught by legal catch (landing) and 34.1% by beach seine remained. 391 individuals was age determined that the minimum and maximum age was 9 and 41 year comprised to H.huso and A. stellatus, respectively. A. persicus and A. stellatus were majority caught compare to other species. A. persicus has the highest frequency in 14-15 year age groups with 50% and 57% in 2009 and 2011, respectively and 15-16 year age group with 41% and 56% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The results show that mean of fork length, body weight, caviar weight of A. persicus was declined because the FL and weight average (±SD) obtained from 152.4±16.7cm and 25.8±9.2 kg in 2009 to 146.5± 18.7cm and 22.1±9.2kg in 2012, respectively. In contrast, the average (±SD) FL and weight of H. huso was increased from 218.8±41.1cm and 137.3±96.6kg in 2009 to 231.3±45.2cm in FL and 146.2±78.5kg body weight in 2012, respectively. Consequently, the results show that stocks of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea has a trend declined because of some species in IUCN categorize list was Endangered in 2006 but at this moment lie in Critically Endangered list of IUCN categorize were down which could be a serious alarm for the valuable sturgeon fish in the Caspian Sea. Therefore, recommendation that trade catch of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea must be forbidden and continue legal catch for spawner fish that needede to artificial propagation only

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Mental Workload and Its Determinants among Nurses in One Hospital in Kermanshah City, Iran

Background & Aims: Mental workload is one of the factors influencing the behavior, performance and efficiency of nurses in the workplace. There are diverse factors that can affect mental workload level. present study performed with the aim of Surveying Mental Workload and its Determinants among Nursing in one of hospital in Kermanshah City Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 203 nurses from 5 wards of infants, emergency, surgery, internal and ICU were selected randomly and surveyed. Data collection tools were demographics and NASA-TLX questionnaires. The statistical data analysis conducted using Independent sample &nbsp;t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient using software SPSS 19. Results: The mean and standard deviation of overall &nbsp;mental workload estimated as 69.73&plusmn;15.26. Among &nbsp;aspects of mental workload,&nbsp; the aspect of &nbsp;effort with an average score of 70.96 was the highest and the aspect of frustration and disappointment with average of 44.93 was the lowest one. There were significant relationship between physical aspect of workload with age, type of shift working, number of shifts, type of employment, between temporal aspect of workload with BMI, type of employment and work experience, and between effort aspect with BMI (p-value&le;0/05). Conclusion: Due to the different amount of mental workload in studied hospital wards, relocation of nurses between wards can improve situation and increase the number of nurses can lead to decrease mental workload

Orthodontic Wire Ingestion during Treatment: Reporting a Case and Review the Management of Foreign Body Ingestion or Aspiration (Emergencies)

Today orthodontic treatment is in growing demand and is not limited to a specific age or social group. The nature of orthodontic treatment is such that the orthodontic wires and appliances, which are used to apply force and move the teeth, are exposed to the oral cavity. Shaping and replacing these wires in oral cavity are the major assignments of orthodontist on appointments. Therefore, we can say that orthodontic treatment requires working with dangerous tools in a sensitive place like oral cavity which is the entrance of respiratory and digestive systems. In this paper, a case of ingesting a broken orthodontic wire during eating is reported, and also necessary remedial measures at the time of encountering foreign body ingestion or aspiration are provided

Early post-operative diabetes insipidus following resection of craniopharyngioma: Incidence and predictors

Objective: Craniopharyngiomas are tumors derived from the remains of epithelial cells that are attributed to incomplete closure of the pituitary or cricopharyngeal ducts. Although the tumor is considered benign, it has significant complications at diagnosis and following full resolution. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of diabetes insipidus (DI) shortly after craniopharyngioma surgery. Methods: This study was retrospectively performed on 46 patients suffering from craniopharyngioma referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital sparing from 2011 to 2016. In patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) scans, endocrinology tests, other related tests, and complete neuromuscular examinations were performed before and after surgery. All patient information was collected descriptively according to their case, and quantitative data are displayed using mean, Standard Deviation, intermediate, and Interquartile range, and qualitative data are displayed using frequency and percentage. For analytical analysis, the data were calculated from independent samples t, Mann-Whitney statistical tests, K2 test, and, if necessary, Fisher's precise P-Value. A significant level was considered for the 5 % statistical tests, and the SPSS statistical software version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: Most patients were male (58 %), and the mean age of patients was 33 years, the youngest being 5 years and the oldest being 71 years. Patients' symptoms at the time of referral include visual impairment (58 %), headache (56 %), balance disorder 19 %, nausea and vomiting 13 %, and memory impairment (8 %). The prevalence of DI was reported to be 50 % after surgery, significantly associated with tumor size. No other significant association was found between the plurality of DI after surgery and other variables studied. Conclusions: The present study showed no predictive factor for post-operative DI in patients with craniopharyngioma. It can only be concluded that patients with larger tumor sizes are more likely to develop DI; however, more studies are warranted to achieve a definitive conclusion