How does time pressure influence emotional wellbeing? Investigating the roles of domain satisfaction and neuroticism among small-business owners

Emotional wellbeing is related to the balance of positive and negative emotions associated with activities at work and in free time. We conjecture that time pressure is a factor reducing positive emotions and amplifying negative emotions, such that it has a negative relationship to emotional wellbeing. We found this to be the case in two studies based on survey data derived from samples of small-business owners in Sweden. In Study 1, the relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing is negative for small-business owners as well as for employed wage earners, although at work the former group experience both higher time pressure and higher emotional wellbeing than the latter. No differences in free time between the groups are observed. Study 2 provides support for the hypothesis that, both at work and in free time, domain satisfaction partially mediates the negative relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing. Supporting two additional hypotheses, the results indicate that neuroticism has a direct negative relationship with emotional wellbeing, and also an indirect relationship with emotional wellbeing mediated by time pressure, and furthermore moderates the negative relationship between time pressure and emotional wellbeing

Birds that are in over their heads : a study about pet birds bathing behavior and bathing habits in their homes

Litteratur om fåglars badbeteende är splittrat och inte ense över hur nödvändigt bad är vilket kan leda till välfärdsproblem för fåglar. Badbeteendet hos sällskapsfåglar har undersökts både genom litteratur och en enkätundersökning. Beteendet kan delvis styras av fåglarnas anatomi och fåglar är flexibla i sin badteknik. Badning är kopplat till fåglars fjäderunderhåll och kan ha betydelse för temperaturreglering, flygförmåga och val av partner. Enkäten visade att fågelägare erbjuder fåglarna en mängd olika bad, varav det mest populära var dusch eller blomsterspruta. Fåglar som inte använde bad uppgavs sakna intresse eller visa rädsla. Badning kunde inte kopplas till någon aktivitet. Skillnader fanns i hur ofta papegojor och tättingar badar. Fåglar av samma art föredrar olika bad och variation finns även när det kommer till sällskap och vilken vattentemperatur som fåglarna badar i. Bad bör utformas på ett sådant sätt att fåglar har möjlighet att utföra badrörelser och undvika konflikt. Badning kan vara ett behov, speciellt för tättingar men mer forskning behövs.Literature about bathing behavior in birds are diffuse and conflicts exist about the necessity of bathing which can be a potential welfare problem. Bathing behavior in pet birds have been examined through literature and a survey. The behavior can partly be based on anatomy and birds show flexibility in their bathing techniques. Bathing is connected to feather maintenance and might matter for temperature regulation, flying ability and bird fitness. Bird owners give their birds a variety of different baths, the most common one being showers or spray bottles. Birds not using baths lacked interest or showed fear. Bathing couldn’t be connected to specific activities. There seem to be a difference in how often parrots and passerines bathe. Birds within a species seem to like different baths and variations exist in preferred company and water temperature. Baths should allow birds to perform bathing movements and avoid conflict. Bathing could be a need, especially for passerines but more research is needed

A gender perspective on entrepreneurial leadership:female leaders in Kazakhstan

The paper proposes a conceptual model to understand female entrepreneurial leadership through an exploration of the perceptions and experiences of women entrepreneurs within their leadership roles. The paper addresses an existing knowledge gap on entrepreneurial leadership by bringing together three key constructs of gender, leadership and entrepreneurship. We apply Stewart's model of role demands-constraints-choices (DCC) to women entrepreneurs in Kazakhstan in order to understand their perceptions of the demands, constraints and choices they experience within their leadership roles. The results of in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs present deeper conceptualization of their leadership enactment as a co-developing, co-constructed relational activity between leaders and others in their wider business environments and context

Entrepreneurs’ mental health and well-being:A review and research agenda

Interest in entrepreneurs’ mental health and well-being (MWB) is growing in recognition of the role of MWB in entrepreneurs’ decision making, motivation, and action. Yet relevant knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, which makes what we currently understand about entrepreneurs’ MWB unclear. In this systematic review I integrate insights from 144 empirical studies. These studies show that research is focused on three research questions: (1) Do different types of entrepreneurs differ in their MWB? What are the (2) antecedents and (3) consequences of entrepreneurs’ MWB? The review systematizes evidence on known antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurs’ MWB but also reveals overlooked and undertheorized sources and outcomes of entrepreneurs’ MWB. The review provides a mapping and framework that advance research on entrepreneurs’ MWB and help to position entrepreneurs’ MWB more centrally in management and entrepreneurship research. It calls for researchers to go beyond applying models developed for employees to understand entrepreneurs. Instead, the findings point the way to developing a dedicated theory of entrepreneurial work and MWB that is dynamic, socialized, and open to considering context and acknowledges variability and fluidity across entrepreneurs’ life domains, as well as the centrality of work for entrepreneurs’ identity

Brysselinpitsiä -oluttuopin suunnitteluprosessi

Opinnäytetyöni koostuu kirjallisesta- ja produktio-osasta. Opinnäytetyöni kirjallisessa- ja produktio-osassa tutkin oluttuopin määritelmää ja hyvän oluttuopillisen määrittäviä tekijöitä. Päätutkimuskysymykseni on, millainen on hyvä tuoppi ja mitkä mahdolliset tekijät sitä määrittävä. Kirjallisessa osiossa pyrin määrittämään muun muassa kirjallisten- ja kuvalähteiden avulla hyvän tuopin määreitä. Avaan myös oman suunnitteluprosessini eri vaiheita produktio-osan kohdalta. Produktio-osassa olen tutkinut erilaisten luonnosten ja prototyyppien avulla hyvän tuopin ominaisuuksien toteutumista omaan muotoilijuuteeni sopivassa esineessä. Olen valmistanut keraamisia, siirtokuvin koristeltuja oluttuoppej

Kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå en abort : En allmän litteraturstudie

Background: In Sweden and Norway, several thousand abortions are performed each year, which means that many women come into contact with abortion care. Undergoing an abortion can be both mentally and physically stressful for the woman, both the process of making a decision, going through the abortion, and the period after. Aim: The purpose of the literature review was to investigate women's experience of undergoing an abortion. Method: A descriptive literature review based on 11 original articles with qualitative studies. All studies were carried out in Sweden or Norway. Main results: The literature study showed that women's experiences varied. Many women were satisfied with the care and felt that the health care staff supported the women in the process, despite this there were also many who were dissatisfied as women did not feel helped or seen. The information given in connection with the abortion was mostly perceived as insufficient, and the pain relief during the abortion itself as well. The treatment during the abortion could be seen as both cold and distant, and it was common for the women to feel overlooked. Opinions were divided regarding home abortions, with many satisfied with the treatment they received from health professionals during the abortion, while others did not appreciate the way the abortion was performed, largely because they did not know where to turn with questions. The help they received after the abortion was often perceived as insufficient, and many wanted follow-up after the abortion, but were not offered any time for a return visit. Conclusion: Women's experiences of abortion are different and highly individual. It mainly depends on where they received care and which healthcare staff they came into contact with, but also depending on the reasons why they choose to have an abortion. For example, it can be due to unwanted pregnancy, birth defects or socio-economic factors. The choice to have an abortion can affect women differently. Many feel satisfied with their choice, and feel that it was necessary, while the choice can still have negative consequences both physically and psychologically. Keywords: Experience, induced abortion, nursing, qualitative study, encounterBakgrund: I Sverige och Norge görs det flera tusen aborter varje år, vilket gör att många kvinnor kommer i kontakt med abortvården. Att genomgå en abort kan vara både psykiskt och fysiskt påfrestande för kvinnan, både processen att ta ett beslut, gå igenom aborten, och perioden efter.  Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå en abort. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 11 originalartiklar med kvalitativa studier. Alla studier var genomförda i Sverige eller Norge.  Huvudresultat: Litteraturstudien visade att kvinnors upplevelser varierade. Många kvinnor var nöjda med vården och upplevde att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen stöttade kvinnorna i processen, trots detta fanns det även många som var missnöjda då kvinnor inte kände sig hjälpta eller sedda. Den information som gavs i samband med aborten upplevdes för det mesta otillräcklig, och smärtlindringen under själva aborten likaså. Bemötandet under aborten kunde ses som både kallt och avståndstagande, och det var vanligt att kvinnorna kände sig förbisedda. Det fanns delade meningar angående hemaborter, där många var nöjda med bemötandet de fick från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal under aborten, medan andra inte uppskattade sättet att göra abort på, mycket för att de inte visste var de skulle vända sig med frågor. Hjälpen de fick efter aborten uppfattades många gånger som otillräcklig, och många ville ha uppföljning efter aborten, men blev inte erbjuden någon tid för återbesök.  Slutsats: Kvinnors upplevelser vid abort är olika och högst individuella. Det beror främst på var de fått vård och vilken hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal de kommit i kontakt med, men även beroende på anledningarna till varför de väljer att göra abort. Det kan till exempel bero på oönskad graviditet, fosterskador eller socioekonomiska faktorer. Valet att göra abort kan sedan påverka kvinnor olika mycket. Många känner sig nöjda med sitt val, och känner att det var nödvändigt, medan valet fortfarande kan medföra negativa följder både fysiskt och psykiskt.  Nyckelord: Bemötande, inducerad abort, kvalitativ studie, omvårdnad, upplevels

Welfare state attitudes in context : local contexts and attitude formation in Sweden

Welfare state attitudes are often studied from the perspective of the individual's characteristics and/or national or regime-type contexts. This thesis instead seeks explanations for individuals' varying attitudes towards the welfare state at the level of local contexts (municipalities). Sweden is used as a case for testing whether there are such contextual effects. The general aim is to find out whether social, political, and institutional aspects of local context influence the attitudes of individuals. Since the general aim of this thesis is to examine how background characteristics of individuals and characteristics of local contexts simultaneously act in shaping individuals' attitudes, I use multilevel modelling in order to handle individual-level and contextual-level data simultaneously. Latent-class analysis (LCA) is also employed in the analyses to explore the patterning of variables. This is mainly done in order to create dependent variables and to distinguish between categories of municipalities sharing similar characteristics.  The data consist of Swedish survey data, which have been complemented by municipal-level data. The findings indicate that the social and political context of municipalities can matter for individuals' attitude formation. Variation across municipalities in terms of the prevalence of social problems and risks seems to influence how individuals view the welfare state. Local municipal contexts characterized by many social problems and risks tend to be associated with more welfare state friendly attitudes among the local inhabitants, after taking individual-level determinants into account. Support for high social spending is greater in such milieus as is the tendency to view welfare beneficiaries with less suspicion regarding the potential abuse of welfare policies. Regarding the influence of local public service provision on attitudes, no evidence was found for feedback effects on individuals' attitudes toward public service privatization. In their attitudes towards the welfare state, individuals are to some extent influenced by their local environment. There seems to be a 'built in' thermostat in the Swedish welfare state. Local circumstances characterized by social problems and risks tend to be associated with a local citizenry having more welfare state-friendly attitudes