Review of \u3cem\u3eMeasuring the Performance of Human Service Programs.\u3c/em\u3e Lawrence L. Martin and Peter M. Kettner. Reviewed by Shana Schuyten, Louisiana State University.

Lawrence L. Martin and Peter M. Kettner: Measuring the Performance of Human Service Programs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996. $39.95 hardcover,$17.95 papercove

The relationship between epistemological beliefs and academic achievement goals in middle school children

This study examined relationships among epistemic beliefs, achievement goals, self-regulated learning, cognitive strategy use, and academic performance for 131 sixth graders and 100 eighth graders

The Effects of Assessor and Assessee Gender, Ethnicity, and Assessor\u27s Role on Performance Assessment of Teachers.

Two studies were conducted as part of this research effort. The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of assessor and assessee gender, ethnicity, and assessment role on performance observation ratings. Study I was Causal Comparative in nature and involved analyzing actual performance observation ratings received on the Louisiana Teacher Assessment Instruments (LTAl). Study II was an experimental study and involved analyzing experimentally manipulated, teacher-performance-observation ratings received on an instrument entitled Survey of Effective Teaching Behavior. The data were collected in the spring of 1995 and expand upon the findings of Study I. There were essentially three different issues of bias to be addressed. Issue I addressed gender bias, Issue II addressed ethnicity bias, and Issue III addressed role- related bias within the assessment ratings, that is, Issue III examined the prevalence of bias attributable to the type of role assumed by the assessors within the assessment context. Study I results indicate significant main effects of assessee gender. Female assessees scored higher than male assessees on all components. The results also indicate that some differences in assessment ratings are attributable to assessee/assessee ethnicity. Caucasian assessees had consistently higher ratings than African-American assessees, regardless of assessor ethnicity. Results regarding Role Bias indicated that only in one of the eight components are the differences in assessment ratings attributable to assessor role. In addition, those assessors assuming the role of principal give higher ratings, yet master teachers have a slightly higher overall mean component rating. It is concluded that despite some statistically significant effects, magnitude of bias due to gender, ethnicity, or role was small. However, it is methodologically important that we examine the possibility of gender, ethnicity, or role biases that may devalue assessment results. As the nation moves toward teacher assessment systems that rely on observational rating performances, we must be prepared to extrapolate true assessment ratings from those that are confounded by bias. Differences in assessment results are tolerable but only if they are not the result of gender, ethnicity, or role biases rather than due to true differences in assessees\u27 performance

Investigaciones sobre la variabilidad estesiométrica de los niños a través del año escolar

Las fuentes bibliográficas de este trabajo escrito en neerlandés, mi lengua materna, son de origen francés, alemán, americano ó inglés, accesibles, por lo tanto, a todo hombre de ciencia. Basta saber que he tomado por punto de partida, la revista general de V. Henri, Sur Ie sens du lieu de la peau que llega hasta 1845. Referente á las memorias posteriores a esta fecha, me permito algunas reflexlones de método.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Are psychotic experiences among detained juvenile offenders explained by trauma and substance use?

Objective: High rates of psychotic experiences among detained adolescents have been reported. However, the significance of psychotic experiences in detained juveniles is still poorly understood. The current study, therefore, (1) examines whether psychotic experiences could be explained by substance use and/or traumatic experiences, and (2) investigates this objective without taking into account the frequently occurring paranoia-related symptoms that may not be psychosis-related in detained minors. Method: Data were derived from 231 detained adolescents. By means of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, psychotic experiences, life-threatening events and substance use were assessed while the Child Traumatic Questionnaire was used for a history of abuse and neglect. Results: In univariate logistic regression analyses, having psychotic experiences was positively associated with substance-related (e.g. past year intense marihuana use) and trauma-related (e.g. emotional abuse) variables. However, without taken paranoia-related experiences into account, different associations between psychotic experiences and substance-related and/or trauma-related variables were found. After building best fitting models, logistic regression analyses demonstrated a preponderance of trauma-related over substance-related variables in predicting the number of psychotic experiences (i.e. 0, 1–2, >2). Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychotic experiences in detained adolescents may be explained by trauma and substance use. In addition, paranoia-related experiences seemed to be particularly associated with emotional abuse

Immersed superhydrophobic surfaces: Gas exchange, slip and drag reduction properties

Superhydrophobic surfaces combine high aspect ratio micro- or nano-topography and hydrophobic surface chemistry to create super water-repellent surfaces. Most studies consider their effect on droplets, which ball-up and roll-off. However, their properties are not restricted to modification of the behaviour of droplets, but potentially influence any process occurring at the solid-liquid interface. Here, we highlight three recent developments focused on the theme of immersed superhydrophobic surfaces. The first illustrates the ability of a superhydrophobic surface to act as a gas exchange membrane, the second demonstrates a reduction in drag during flow through small tubes and the third considers a macroscopic experiment demonstrating an increase in the terminal velocity of settling spheres

Silicon redistribution, acid site loss and the formation of a core-shell texture upon steaming SAPO-34 and their impact on catalytic performance in the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction

IBM has received funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, Centre for Doctoral Training in Critical Resource Catalysis, EP/I017008/1) and Scotland's Chemistry departments (ScotCHEM). IBM also received a scholarship from the SCI and Santander. Johnson Matthey is thanked for in-kind contributions and hosting IBM in their R&D labs. ABN gratefully acknowledges support from the EPSRC (grants EP/L017008/1 and EP/R023751/1). The research data supporting this publication can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.17630/09ddc03e-f121-4e79-9b55-674f64d9c8c4 [62].SAPO-34 is a commercially-implemented silicoaluminophosphate catalyst for selective high yield production of ethene and propene from methanol, but high temperature regeneration in the presence of steam leads to its deactivation. A comprehensive investigation of the effect of prolonged hydrothermal treatment on the structure and properties of SAPO 34 explains the changes in its catalytic methanol-to-olefins (MTO) performance. Microcrystalline powdered SAPO-34 (ca. 3 µm crystals, Al17.1P15.6Si3.3O72) and two batches of larger single crystals of SAPO-34 of different Si concentration (20-100 µm; Al17.3P14.7Si4.0O72 and Al17.7P12.3Si5.9O72 ) were steamed (pH2O = 0.95 atm) at 873–1023 K for up to 240 h. The acidity (NH3-TPD), crystallinity (PXRD), framework cation environment (solid-state 27Al, 29Si and 31P MAS NMR) and porosity were followed for all materials; larger crystals were amenable to single crystal X-ray diffraction, FIB-SEM and synchrotron IR microspectroscopy, including operando study during methanol and dimethyl ether conversions. Some level of steaming improved the lifetime of all SAPO-34 materials in MTO catalysis without affecting their olefin selectivity, although more severe conditions led to the formation of core-shell structures, microporosity loss and eventually at 1023 K, recrystallization to a dense phase. All these irreversible changes occurred faster in crystals with higher Si contents. The initial increase in catalytic lifetime results from an activated reduction in acid site density (Eact = 146(18) kJ mol⁻1), a result of redistribution of Si within the SAPO framework without porosity loss. Operando IR with online product analysis during methanol conversion suggests similar reaction pathways in calcined and steamed crystals, but with greatly reduced methoxy group densities in the latter. The gradual development of optically dark crystal cores upon progressive steaming was shown by FIB-SEM to be due to the formation of regions with meso- and macropores, and these were shown by IR mapping to possess low hydroxyl densities.PostprintPostprintPeer reviewe

Young hands, old books: : Drawings by children in a fourteenth-century manuscript, LJS MS. 361

This article scrutinises three marginal drawings in LJS 361, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania Libraries. It first considers the provenance of the manuscript, questioning how it got into the hands of children. Then, it combines developmental psychology with close examination of the material evidence to develop a list of criteria to attribute the drawings to children. There is consideration of the features that help us estimate the age of the artists, and which indicate that one drawing was a collaborative effort between two children. A potential relationship is identified between the doodles and the subject matter of the text, prompting questions about pre-modern child education and literacy. Finally, the article considers the implications of this finding in both codicology and social history since these marginal illustrations demonstrate that children were active in the material life of medieval books