The desamortización in the Sultepec District. The Policy of Privatisation of Communal Landholdings in Mexico.

Sin resume

UV-Induced Crosslinking of Poly[2-(2’-Norbornenyl)-2-Oxazoline]s

A 2-oxazoline monomer bearing a norbornenyl functionality in the side-chain was prepared from the reaction of 5-norbornene-2-carbonitrile and 2-ethanol amine. This monomer could be successfully polymerized using a 2-oxazolinium-based macroinitiator that was in-situ generated from the methyl cation-initiated oligomerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline. This polymer could be subjected to polymeranalogous reactions involving the alkene groups of the norbornenyl side-chains: A proof-of-concept was established by utilizing the polymers in photoresists that were crosslinked by thiol-ene reactions involving bisfunctional thiols. Photoinitiators for the UV-induced thiol-ene reaction were required in catalytic amounts only. After development, the resists exhibited reproduction of the geometric patterns with a resolution of 30 μm

Domain Decomposition Method for Maxwell's Equations: Scattering off Periodic Structures

We present a domain decomposition approach for the computation of the electromagnetic field within periodic structures. We use a Schwarz method with transparent boundary conditions at the interfaces of the domains. Transparent boundary conditions are approximated by the perfectly matched layer method (PML). To cope with Wood anomalies appearing in periodic structures an adaptive strategy to determine optimal PML parameters is developed. We focus on the application to typical EUV lithography line masks. Light propagation within the multi-layer stack of the EUV mask is treated analytically. This results in a drastic reduction of the computational costs and allows for the simulation of next generation lithography masks on a standard personal computer.Comment: 24 page

Lowest-energy structures of 13-atom binary clusters: Do icosahedral clusters exist in binary liquid alloys?

Although the existence of 13-atom icosahedral clusters in one-component close-packed undercooled liquids was predicted more than half a century ago by Frank, the existence of such icosahedral clusters is less clear in liquid alloys. We study the lowest-energy structures of 13-atom AxB13-x Lennard-Jones binary clusters using the modified space-fixed genetic algorithm and the artificial Lennard-Jones potential designed by Kob and Andersen. Curiously, the lowest-energy structures are non-icosahedral for almost all compositions. The role played by the icosahedral cluster in a binary glass is questionable.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure (conference paper of LAM12) to be published in J. Non-Crystalline Solid

High‐Yield Production, Characterization, and Functionalization of Recombinant Magnetosomes in the Synthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum “magneticum”

Recently, the photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum has been endowed with the ability of magnetosome biosynthesis by transfer and expression of biosynthetic gene clusters from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. However, the growth conditions for efficient magnetite biomineralization in the synthetic R. rubrum "magneticum", as well as the particles themselves (i.e., structure and composition), have so far not been fully characterized. In this study, different cultivation strategies, particularly the influence of temperature and light intensity, are systematically investigated to achieve optimal magnetosome biosynthesis. Reduced temperatures <= 16 degrees C and gradual increase in light intensities favor magnetite biomineralization at high rates, suggesting that magnetosome formation might utilize cellular processes, cofactors, and/or pathways that are linked to photosynthetic growth. Magnetosome yields of up to 13.6 mg magnetite per liter cell culture are obtained upon photoheterotrophic large-scale cultivation. Furthermore, it is shown that even more complex, i.e., oligomeric, catalytically active functional moieties like enzyme proteins can be efficiently expressed on the magnetosome surface, thereby enabling the in vivo functionalization by genetic engineering. In summary, it is demonstrated that the synthetic R. rubrum "magneticum" is a suitable host for high-yield magnetosome biosynthesis and the sustainable production of genetically engineered, bioconjugated magnetosomes

Cluster model of glass transition in simple liquids

On the basis of microscopic statistical mechanics of simple liquids the orientational interaction between clusters consisting of a particle and its nearest neighbors is estimated. It is shown that there are ranges of density and temperature where the interaction changes sign as a function of a radius of a cluster. The model of interacting cubic and icosahedral clusters is proposed and solved in mean-field replica symmetric approximation. It is shown that the glass order parameter grows smoothly upon cooling, the transition temperature being identified with the temperature of the replica symmetry breaking. It is shown that upon cooling a Lennard-Jones system, cubic clusters freeze first. The transition temperature for icosahedral clusters is about ten per cent lower. So the local structure of Lennard-Jones glass in the vicinity of glass transition should be most probably cubic.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Nonequilibrium Polaritonics - Nonlinear Effects and Optical Switching

We report a theoretical non-equilibrium description of polaritonics and we propose ultrafast all- optical switching due to highly nonlinear polaritonics. The electronic band structure within gold (Au) nano grains is modified by external laser light. The Au grains are coupled to a single mode photonic waveguide and we derive a strong transmission reduction of switching originating from the establishd quantum interference with a finite lifetime.Comment: 8 pages 8 figure

The QCD phase diagram at nonzero baryon, isospin and strangeness chemical potentials: Results from a hadron resonance gas model

We use a hadron resonance gas model to study the QCD phase diagram at nonzero temperature, baryon, isospin and strangeness chemical potentials. We determine the temperature of the transition from the hadronic phase to the quark gluon plasma phase using two different methods. We find that the critical temperatures derived in both methods are in very good agreement. We find that the critical surface has a small curvature. We also find that the critical temperature's dependence on the baryon chemical potential at zero isospin chemical potential is almost identical to its dependence on the isospin chemical potential at vanishing baryon chemical potential. This result, which holds when the chemical potentials are small, supports recent lattice simulation studies. Finally, we find that at a given baryon chemical potential, the critical temperature is lowered as either the isospin or the strangeness chemical potential are increased. Therefore, in order to lower the critical temperature, it might be useful to use different isotopes in heavy ion collision experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 15 figure