Sinteza i anthelmintičko djelovanje novih 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola

A series of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles 1a-j were synthesized by refluxing benzil with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1a-j were screened for anthelmintic activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed paralysis time of 0.24 to 1.54 s and death time of 0.39 to 4.40 s while the standard drugs albendazole and piperazine citrate showed paralysis time of 0.54 and 0.58 s and death time of 2.16 and 2.47 s, respectively, at the same concentration of 1 % (m/V). Five compounds, 2-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1b), 2-[3-methoxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1c), 2-[2-phenylethenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1e), 2-[4-fluorophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1g) and 2-[3-nitrophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1h) showed significant anthelmintic activity compared to the standard drugs.Refluksiranjem benzila s različitim supstituiranim aldehidima u prisutnosti amonijeva acetata i ledene octene kiseline sintetizirana je serija 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola (1a-j). Strukture sintetiziranih spojeva potvrđene su IR, 1H NMR i masenom spektroskopijom. U testovima na anthelmintičko djelovanje određeno je vrijeme paralize 0,24 do 1,54 min i vrijeme smrti 0,39 do 4,40 min, dok standarni lijekovi albendazol i piperazin citrat imaju vrijeme paralize 0,54 i 0,58 min, a vrijeme smrti 2,16, odnosno 2,47 min pri istim koncentracijama (1 % m/V). Pet spojeva, 2-[2-hidroksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1b), 2-[3-metoksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1c), 2-[2-feniletenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1e), 2-[4-fluorofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1g) i 2-[3-nitrofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1h) pokazuju značajno anthelmintičko djelovanje u odnosnu na standardne lijekove

Significance of Serum Sodium Level as Potential Severity Biomarker in Pediatric Acute Bronchiolitis

Introduction: Due to viral infection, specifically RSV, acute bronchiolitis, which is common in infants under two years old, increases in the winter. Most of the time, supportive treatment can alleviate moderate symptoms. Hospitalization is required in severe cases, particularly in high-risk newborns. Because of fluid therapy and high levels of antidiuretic hormone, hyponatremia—which is frequently observed in cases of severe bronchiolitis—may be a sign of a more serious illness. Preventing mortality in at-risk newborns requires early detection of extrapulmonary symptoms. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any correlation, if any, between the severity of the illness and its prognosis in hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on children aged one month to two years who were admitted with acute bronchiolitis at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Results: The study found that 19.2% of children with acute bronchiolitis developed hyponatremia, with most having mild (78.3%) or moderate (21.7%) cases. Initial severity on admission varied, with moderate bronchiolitis most common (71.7%). Significant differences in serum sodium levels were observed among severity groups, being higher in mild cases (141.60±4.48) compared to severe (135.11±6.52). Hyponatremic children had longer hospital stays (7.57±2.51 days) than normonatremic ones (6.00±2.2), correlating negatively with serum sodium levels (r= -0.57, p=0.003). Conclusion: According to the study\u27s findings, children with acute bronchiolitis—mostly mild to moderate in severity—have a significant prevalence of hyponatremia. Milder cases of bronchiolitis are correlated with higher initial serum sodium levels. Significantly, hyponatremia is linked to longer hospital stays, suggesting that it may serve as a marker for the severity of the illness and the length of hospital stay in these patients

Pulse Shape Simulation and Discrimination using Machine-Learning Techniques

An essential metric for the quality of a particle-identification experiment is its statistical power to discriminate between signal and background. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is a basic method for this purpose in many nuclear, high-energy and rare-event search experiments where scintillation detectors are used. Conventional techniques exploit the difference between decay-times of the pulses from signal and background events or pulse signals caused by different types of radiation quanta to achieve good discrimination. However, such techniques are efficient only when the total light-emission is sufficient to get a proper pulse profile. This is only possible when adequate amount of energy is deposited from recoil of the electrons or the nuclei of the scintillator materials caused by the incident particle on the detector. But, rare-event search experiments like direct search for dark matter do not always satisfy these conditions. Hence, it becomes imperative to have a method that can deliver a very efficient discrimination in these scenarios. Neural network based machine-learning algorithms have been used for classification problems in many areas of physics especially in high-energy experiments and have given better results compared to conventional techniques. We present the results of our investigations of two network based methods \viz Dense Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network, for pulse shape discrimination and compare the same with conventional methods.Comment: 18 pages, 39 figure

Traumatic complete transection of dorsal spinal cord un-associated with spinal fracture or subluxation: Management review

Complete transection of spinal cord is an extremely rare occurrence, and usually associated with spinal instability, fracture or spondylolisthesis and also have associated systemic polytrauma involving multiple organs injury. However, a complete transaction of spinal cord unassociated with fracture or dislocation or without abnormality on X-ray and CT scan imaging is extremely uncommon. Kalfas et al. observed 11.2 % of cases had cord transection in the study of sixty-two cases spinal cord-injured patients, who underwent spinal MRI, were additionally had evidence vertebral injury. In 2010, Cha et al reported the first case of transection of cord in the cervical region in a 34- year- adult male, as the first case in literature, which was not associated with any vertebral body fracture or dislocation. Authors report an interesting case, 15-year boy, who had complete transection of the spinal cord associated with polytrauma following a motor vehicle accident, spinal X-ray and CT scan imaging was unremarkable, however spinal MRI scan established the diagnosis. Briefly, imaging, management and pertinent literature are reviewed

Design, docking, synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfon-amido)pentanedioic acid have been designed, synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The modified drugs were docked against the protein histone deacetylase the energy value obtained was o-iodoanilide (-10.370504) and m-iodoanilide (-10.218276) of the titled compound. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ova-rian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, o-iodoanilide, m-iodoanilide and p-iodoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Personalized mechanical ventilation guided by ultrasound in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (PEGASUS): study protocol for an international randomized clinical trial

background acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. Identifying ARDS subphenotypes based on "focal" or "non-focal" lung morphology has the potential to better target mechanical ventilation strategies of individual patients. however, classifying morphology through chest radiography or computed tomography is either inaccurate or impractical. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive bedside tool that can accurately distinguish "focal" from "non-focal" lung morphology. We hypothesize that LUS-guided personalized mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients leads to a reduction in 90-day mortality compared to conventional mechanical ventilation. methods the personalized mechanical ventilation guided by ultrasound in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (PEGASUS) study is an investigator-initiated, international, randomized clinical trial (RCT) that plans to enroll 538 invasively ventilated adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate to severe ARDS. eligible patients will receive a LUS exam to classify lung morphology as "focal" or "non-focal". thereafter, patients will be randomized within 12 h after ARDS diagnosis to receive standard care or personalized ventilation where the ventilation strategy is adjusted to the morphology subphenotype, i.e., higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers for "non-focal" ARDS and lower PEEP and prone positioning for "focal" ARDS. the primary endpoint is all-cause mortality at day 90. secondary outcomes are mortality at day 28, ventilator-free days at day 28, ICU length of stay, ICU mortality, hospital length of stay, hospital mortality, and number of complications (ventilator-associated pneumonia, pneumothorax, and need for rescue therapy). after a pilot phase of 80 patients, the correct interpretation of LUS images and correct application of the intervention within the safe limits of mechanical ventilation will be evaluated. discussion PEGASUS is the first RCT that compares LUS-guided personalized mechanical ventilation with conventional ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with moderate and severe ARDS. If this study demonstrates that personalized ventilation guided by LUS can improve the outcomes of ARDS patients, it has the potential to shift the existing one-size-fits-all ventilation strategy towards a more individualized approach. trial registration the PEGASUS trial was registered before the inclusion of the first patient, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (ID: NCT05492344)

Transverse sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton–proton collisions at √s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton–proton collisions at s√=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using primary charged tracks with p T>0.5 GeV/c in |η|<0.8. The mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity (N ch) is reported for events with different p T scales (“soft” and “hard”) defined by the transverse momentum of the leading particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a steeper rise at low N ch, whereas the event generators show an opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean p T with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data, compared to the other tested generators