Traumatic complete transection of dorsal spinal cord un-associated with spinal fracture or subluxation: Management review

Complete transection of spinal cord is an extremely rare occurrence, and usually associated with spinal instability, fracture or spondylolisthesis and also have associated systemic polytrauma involving multiple organs injury. However, a complete transaction of spinal cord unassociated with fracture or dislocation or without abnormality on X-ray and CT scan imaging is extremely uncommon. Kalfas et al. observed 11.2 % of cases had cord transection in the study of sixty-two cases spinal cord-injured patients, who underwent spinal MRI, were additionally had evidence vertebral injury. In 2010, Cha et al reported the first case of transection of cord in the cervical region in a 34- year- adult male, as the first case in literature, which was not associated with any vertebral body fracture or dislocation. Authors report an interesting case, 15-year boy, who had complete transection of the spinal cord associated with polytrauma following a motor vehicle accident, spinal X-ray and CT scan imaging was unremarkable, however spinal MRI scan established the diagnosis. Briefly, imaging, management and pertinent literature are reviewed

Design, docking, synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfon-amido)pentanedioic acid have been designed, synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The modified drugs were docked against the protein histone deacetylase the energy value obtained was o-iodoanilide (-10.370504) and m-iodoanilide (-10.218276) of the titled compound. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ova-rian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female Swiss albino mice against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, o-iodoanilide, m-iodoanilide and p-iodoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds

Sinteza i anthelmintičko djelovanje novih 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola

A series of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles 1a-j were synthesized by refluxing benzil with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1a-j were screened for anthelmintic activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed paralysis time of 0.24 to 1.54 s and death time of 0.39 to 4.40 s while the standard drugs albendazole and piperazine citrate showed paralysis time of 0.54 and 0.58 s and death time of 2.16 and 2.47 s, respectively, at the same concentration of 1 % (m/V). Five compounds, 2-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1b), 2-[3-methoxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1c), 2-[2-phenylethenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1e), 2-[4-fluorophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1g) and 2-[3-nitrophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1h) showed significant anthelmintic activity compared to the standard drugs.Refluksiranjem benzila s različitim supstituiranim aldehidima u prisutnosti amonijeva acetata i ledene octene kiseline sintetizirana je serija 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola (1a-j). Strukture sintetiziranih spojeva potvrđene su IR, 1H NMR i masenom spektroskopijom. U testovima na anthelmintičko djelovanje određeno je vrijeme paralize 0,24 do 1,54 min i vrijeme smrti 0,39 do 4,40 min, dok standarni lijekovi albendazol i piperazin citrat imaju vrijeme paralize 0,54 i 0,58 min, a vrijeme smrti 2,16, odnosno 2,47 min pri istim koncentracijama (1 % m/V). Pet spojeva, 2-[2-hidroksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1b), 2-[3-metoksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1c), 2-[2-feniletenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1e), 2-[4-fluorofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1g) i 2-[3-nitrofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1h) pokazuju značajno anthelmintičko djelovanje u odnosnu na standardne lijekove

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Biological activity of some novel synthesized 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid bis amide derivatives: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antineoplastic activity

In the present work few novel 2-(4-methylbenzenesulphonamido)pentanedioic acid bis amide derivatives and the basic compound 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)pentanedioic acid have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their possible antineoplastic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activity was performed against five human cell lines like human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemia (K-562), ovarian cancer (OVACAR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and Human kidney carcinoma (A-498). The in vivo activity was performed in female swiss albino mice against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Among the synthesized compounds, ureide, anilide, p-nitoanilide and o-bromoanilide derivatives of 2-(4-methyl benzene sulphonyl)-pentanedioic acid bis amides showed encouraging activity in both the in vitro and in vivo compared to other compounds