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A Finite Element Analysis to Compare Three Dimensional Stress Distribution in Different Bone Densities by Extra Short Implants with Varying Abutment Lengths and Diameters.

Introduction: Dental implants have revolutionized the rehabilitation of partially and completely edentulous patients, offering a functional and aesthetic alternative to traditional prostheses. However, in patients with severe alveolar bone resorption, placing standard-length implants can be challenging due to limited vertical bone height. This often necessitates invasive procedures such as bone grafting or sinus augmentation, which may not be feasible in all clinical scenarios due to increased cost, surgical morbidity, or systemic contraindications. Objectives: To evaluate and compare three-dimensional stress distribution in different bone densities (D1, D2, D3, D4) using extra-short dental implants with varying abutment lengths and diameters through Finite Element Analysis. Methods: A total of 24 three-dimensional models were created using CAD software to simulate extra-short implants (6 mm length) with varying abutment diameter and length (5mmx5mm, 5mmx6.5mm, 5mmx10mm, 5mmx12mm, 6.5mmx6.5mm, 7.5mmx8mm). These implant-abutment assemblies were placed in bone models representing D1, D2, D3, and D4 bone densities. Finite Element Analysis was conducted under axial and oblique loading conditions. The von Mises stress values were evaluated at the implant, abutment, and crestal bone regions. Results: Implants with larger diameters showed reduced stress in all bone types, particularly at the crestal bone level. Higher abutment heights increased stress concentration, especially in oblique loading scenarios. Among the bone types, D2 bone showed the most favorable stress distribution, while D4 bone exhibited the highest stress values, indicating a higher risk of biomechanical failure. Conclusions: Bone density plays a critical role in stress distribution around extra-short implants. Increased implant diameter can enhance stress dissipation, while taller abutments may compromise stability in low-density bone. Optimal implant-abutment combinations must be selected based on bone quality to improve long-term success in atrophic jaw rehabilitations using extra-short implants

Assessment of Neck Circumference and Lipid Profile in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndromes

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, often linked to obesity and abnormal lipid levels. Neck circumference (NC) has become a straightforward, non-invasive anthropometric indicator of upper-body fat and metabolic risk. This research sought to evaluate changes in NC and lipid profiles in women with PCOS and investigate their relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional study was executed with 40 women diagnosed with PCOS and 40 age-matched controls without PCOS. Anthropometric measurements, such as body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC), were documented. Lipid profiles after fasting-including total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed. Results: Although age was not significantly differ across groups (p-value = 0.54), women with PCOS displayed notably higher BMI (p-value = 0.03), NC (p = 0.00), WC (p-value =0.00), and HC (p-value = 0.00). Analysis of lipid profiles showed markedly increased levels of CHOL, TG, LDL, and VLDL (all p-value = 0.00) and decreased HDL (p-value = 0.00) in women with PCOS compared to controls. In the PCOS group, NC exhibited a notable positive correlation with TG (r = 0.38, p-value = 0.02) and VLDL (r = 0.38, p-value = 0.02), but did not show any correlation with CHOL, HDL, or LDL. Conclusion: Women with PCOS show greater neck circumference and a poorer lipid profile than those without PCOS. The positive relationship between NC and TG and VLDL indicates that NC could act as a potential screening method for dyslipidemia in PCOS, necessitating additional research in larger groups.&nbsp

Prevalence of Hypertension and Compliance to Treatment Among the Geriatric Population in Barpeta Town

Background: Hypertension is a leading public health concern among the elderly, contributing significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite increasing awareness, treatment compliance remains a challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hypertension and evaluate treatment compliance among the geriatric population in Barpeta town, Assam. The study also aimed to identify socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with hypertension and its management. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted over two months (October–December) among 270 individuals aged ≥60 years in nine municipal wards of Barpeta town. Data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 48.5%. Among the 131 hypertensive individuals, 92.4% were aware of their condition, but 34.3% were non-compliant with antihypertensive treatment. Significant associations were observed between hypertension and smoking (p=0.0001), alcohol use (p=0.0013), and co-morbidities (p=0.0001). Economic dependence was significantly associated with poor treatment compliance (p=0.0229), while co-morbidities showed no significant influence on compliance. Conclusion: Although awareness of hypertension was high among the elderly in Barpeta town, treatment compliance remains inadequate, especially among economically dependent individuals. There is a need for targeted public health strategies focusing on financial support, regular monitoring, and lifestyle interventions to improve hypertension management in geriatric populations

Integrated FTIR and DFT Study of the Molecular Structure and Reactivity of 3- Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)

Integrated FTIR and DFT Study of the Molecular Structure and Reactivity of 3- Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS

Blended Polymeric Nanofibres for Antimicrobial Activity

Introduction : Polymeric nanofibers have gained significant due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable and excellent properties for functionalization. Among these, blended nanofibers created by combining different polymers offer improved mechanical strength, chemical stability, and enhanced bilogical activity. In this study, we synthesized and characterized novel blended polymeric nanofibers composed of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Pectin, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), and evaluated their antimicrobial activity against harmful pathogens. Objective : To Synthesize and Characterize blended PVA-NaCMC-Pectin nanofibers and assess their antimicrobial activity against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli, exploring their potential application as novel antimicrobial agents. Methods : Blended polymeric solution were prepared by combining PVA, NaCMC, Pectin, and fumaric acid as a crosslinker agent. This blended solution was used to fabricate nanofibers through electrospinning. The synthesized nanofibers were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of nanofiber were examined by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of nanofibers was evalated using disk diffusion method against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli, measuring zones of inhibtion to determine efficacy. Results : FTIR confirmed successful polymer blending and crosslinking, while SEM showed uniform nanofiber Morphology. Disk diffusion tests revealed clear inhibition zones against Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli, confirming good antimicrobial activity. Conclusion : This study presents blended PVA-NaCMC-Pectin nanofibers with good antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. These nanofibers show promise for medical and wound care application, through further studies on mechanism and safety are needed

Exploring the Effects of Yoga on the Mental Health of Prisoners: A Bibliometric Analysis

Introduction: Incarcerated populations experience significant physical and mental health challenges, necessitating innovative interventions. Yoga, a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), has shown promise in addressing these issues. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the empirical research on yoga as an intervention for prison inmates over the past 24 years through a bibliometric analysis. Methods: Data were sourced from PubMed and Scopus databases (January 2001 to December 2024) using predefined search terms related to yoga, meditation, and incarceration. Empirical studies reporting quantifiable health outcomes were included. Bibliometric data were analyzed using VOSviewer software to assess publication trends, influential sources, authors, and thematic clusters. Results: The bibliometric analysis reveals the evolving landscape of research on yoga in prison settings, highlighting key contributors, prominent journals, and emerging thematic areas. The analysis identifies patterns in research focus, geographical distribution of studies, and the interconnectedness of research topics within this field. Citation analysis further elucidates the impact of specific studies and authors. Conclusion: This bibliometric review provides a systematic synthesis of the empirical literature on yoga interventions for prison inmates. The findings offer valuable insights into the current state of research, identify areas of strength and potential gaps, and can inform future research directions and the implementation of yoga programs in correctional settings to improve inmate health and well-being

Role of Selenium and Metformin in Attenuating Lead Acetate Induced Renal Damage in Male Wistar Rats

Nephrotoxicity is one form of toxicity which damages kidney due to the toxic or harmful agents or substances is called as nephrotoxicity. Pollutants that lead to renal toxicity are termed as nephron toxicants. Renal toxicity is a condition in which kidney fails to perform its proper function. Lead Acetate is used to induced nephrotoxicity or renal failure on male Wistar rats. It makes easy to study the therapeutics effects on nephrotoxicity. This study shows how Selenium and Metformin are effective in treating kidney damage in combination. Selenium is a kind of trace mineral element. It has antioxidant property which help in reducing oxidative stress level. Selenium also used to treat kidney failure by reducing MDA (Malondialdehyde). It is utilized to treat nephrotoxicity because of its medicinal properties. Metformin drug which is used as oral antihyperglycemic agent which help in reducing level of blood glucose in a diabetic person. Metformin also has some properties which is used to treat nephrotoxicity. It has properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and have reno protective effect. By reducing oxidative stress metformin is used to diagnose renal or nephrotoxicity. Metformin helps in improving function of mitochondrial and modulating pathways of inflammatory. In combination Metformin and Selenium give effective result in treating renal damage or nephrotoxicity. Histopathological examination of kidneys of different groups have also shows the effective result

Impact of Preoperative CT on Surgical Planning in Posterior Malleolus Involvement of Trimalleolar Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Posterior malleolar fractures, commonly seen in trimalleolar ankle injuries, pose significant challenges in surgical management due to their complex morphology. While conventional radiographs form the basis of initial planning, computed tomography (CT) offers enhanced visualization that may influence preoperative decision-making. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of preoperative CT imaging on surgical planning for trimalleolar ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu, between August 2023 and February 2025. A total of 53 adult patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures underwent surgical treatment. Two preoperative surgical plans were formulated per patient: Plan A (based on X-ray) and Plan B (revised after CT review), by a panel of four senior orthopedic surgeons. These were compared with the actual intraoperative decisions regarding fixation method, surgical approach, and patient positioning. The posterior malleolus was classified using the Modified Haraguchi system, and inter-modality agreement was analyzed using Kappa statistics. Results: CT imaging altered the fixation strategy in a significant number of cases. CC screw fixation increased from 41.5% (X-ray) to 50.9% (CT), while plate fixation increased from 24.5% to 30.2%. Intraoperative decisions showed strong agreement with CT-based plans (Kappa = 0.815 for CC screws; Kappa = 0.859 for plating; p = 0.001). The use of anterior-to-posterior screws increased from 34.0% (X-ray) to 43.4% (CT), and posterior-to-anterior screw plans showed perfect agreement (Kappa = 1.000). CT also influenced patient positioning, with Lazy Prone and Prone-to-Supine conversions employed more frequently post-CT. Type I Haraguchi fractures were most common (62.3%), but Type II and III required more complex fixation approaches Conclusions: CT imaging significantly improves preoperative surgical planning for posterior malleolus fractures by providing better assessment of fragment morphology, influencing fixation method, approach, and patient positioning. CT-based strategies align more closely with intraoperative requirements than X-ray-based plans, supporting its routine use in managing complex ankle fractures

A Prospective Cohort Study on Functional Outcome in Surgically Managed Bimalleolar Fractures in Adults

Introduction: Bimalleolar fractures are complex and their conservative management is difficult and often require surgical intervention. Objective: To study the functional outcome and determinants of surgically managed bimalleolar fractures. Methods: Fifty adults with bimalleolar fracture (aged 22-63 years; mean age 37.48 years; 62% 21-40 years; 66% males; 54% right ankle; 52% Road traffic accident) were enrolled. Fractures were classified according to AO and Lauge-Hansen classification. Surgical management of the fractures was done under spinal anesthesia. All the patients were followed up for a minimum of six months. At each follow-up, clinical and radiological assessment was done. Time for radiological union was noted. Functional outcomes were assessed at six months using Baird and Jackson scoring system. Association of functional outcome with clinicodemographic profile of patients was assessed using Chi-square test. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: According to AO classification, maximum fractures were Class B (48%) followed by Class C (40%) and Class A (12%) respectively. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, 17 (34% each) were identified as Supination-External rotation (SER) and Pronation-External Rotation (PER) respectively. Mean union time was 10.88±2.27 weeks. Excellent, good, fair and poor functional outcomes were seen in 52%, 34%, 12% and 2% cases. Older age, fall or sports as mode of injury, Class B and C fractures, and PER or SER L-H class were significantly associated with poor/fair outcome. Conclusion: Surgical management of bimalleolar fractures was highly successful with 100% union rate and high prevalence of good to excellent functional outcomes