Composição compreendendo frações ou sub-frações de promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania denominadas Fucose Mannose Ligand (fml) e saponina, composição para preparar vacinas bloqueadoras da transmissão de Leishmaniose em humanos e animais compreendendo frações ou sub-frações de promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania (fml) e saponina, uso da composição na preparação de vacinas bloqueadoras para impedir a transmissão de Leishmaniose visceral humana ou animal, uso da composição na preparação de reagentes consistindo na administração de frações ou sub-frações de promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania denominadas Fucose Mannose Ligand (fml) e saponina

28/04/1998: Notificação da homologação da desistência do pedido de patente, apresentada pelo depositante, acarretando o encerramento do processo administrativo.DepositadaA invenção trata de uma composição compreendendo frações ou sub-frações de promastigotas ou amastigotas de Leishmania, denominada "Fucose Mannose Ligand" (FML) e saponina. A invenção compreende, também, o uso da composição para preparar vacina bloqueadora impedindo a transmissão de Leishmaniose em humanos ou animais

Cooperation between Apoptotic and Viable Metacyclics Enhances the Pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis

Mimicking mammalian apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine (PS) is a strategy used by virus and parasitic protozoa to escape host protective inflammatory responses. With Leishmania amazonensis (La), apoptotic mimicry is a prerogative of the intramacrophagic amastigote form of the parasite and is modulated by the host. Now we show that differently from what happens with amastigotes, promastigotes exposing PS are non-viable, non-infective cells, undergoing apoptotic death. As part of the normal metacyclogenic process occurring in axenic cultures and in the gut of sand fly vectors, a sub-population of metacyclic promastigotes exposes PS. Apoptotic death of the purified PS-positive (PSPOS) sub-population was confirmed by TUNEL staining and DNA laddering. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological alterations in PSPOS metacyclics such as DNA condensation, cytoplasm degradation and mitochondrion and kinetoplast destruction, both in in vitro cultures and in sand fly guts. TUNELPOS promastigotes were detected only in the anterior midgut to foregut boundary of infected sand flies. Interestingly, caspase inhibitors modulated parasite death and PS exposure, when added to parasite cultures in a specific time window. Efficient in vitro macrophage infections and in vivo lesions only occur when PSPOS and PS-negative (PSNEG) parasites were simultaneously added to the cell culture or inoculated in the mammalian host. The viable PSNEG promastigote was the infective form, as shown by following the fate of fluorescently labeled parasites, while the PSPOS apoptotic sub-population inhibited host macrophage inflammatory response. PS exposure and macrophage inhibition by a subpopulation of promastigotes is a different mechanism than the one previously described with amastigotes, where the entire population exposes PS. Both mechanisms co-exist and play a role in the transmission and development of the disease in case of infection by La. Since both processes confer selective advantages to the infective microorganism they justify the occurrence of apoptotic features in a unicellular pathogen

Transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality dependence of inclusive charged-particle production in √snn = 5.02 TeV p + Pb collisions measured by the ATLAS experiment

Measurements of the per-event charged-particle yield as a function of the charged-particle transverse momentum and rapidity are performed using p + Pb collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of √snn = 5.02 TeV. Charged particles are reconstructed over pseudorapidity | η | < 2.3 and transverse momentum between 0.1 GeV and 22 GeV in a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 μb − 1. The results are presented in the form of charged-particle nuclear modification factors, where the p + Pb charged-particle multiplicities are compared between central and peripheral p + Pb collisions as well as to charged-particle cross sections measured in pp collisions. The p + Pb collision centrality is characterized by the total transverse energy measured in − 4.9 < η < − 3.1, which is in the direction of the outgoing lead beam. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the p + Pb collision are carried out using the Glauber model and two Glauber–Gribov colour-fluctuation extensions to the Glauber model. The values of the nuclear modification factors are found to vary significantly as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum. A broad peak is observed for all centralities and rapidities in the nuclear modification factors for charged-particle transverse momentum values around 3 GeV. The magnitude of the peak increases for more central collisions as well as rapidity ranges closer to the direction of the outgoing lead nucleus