Ideologies and linguistic attitudes toward Guarani in Paraguayan families living in Buenos Aires.

Desde una perspectiva que adopta los lineamientos teórico-metodológicos de la lingüística de la migración (Zimmermann y Morgenthaler 2007; Zimmermann 2009), este artículo examina las ideologías y actitudes lingüísticas, implícitas y explícitas, hegemónicas y de resistencia, que familias de origen paraguayo poseen, por un lado, respecto del guaraní paraguayo cuando se encuentra inserto en un contexto migratorio (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires) y, por otro, de ellos mismos como hablantes de esta lengua en otro país (Argentina), donde la lengua predominante es el español. Asimismo, se advierte las relaciones de poder que subyacen a estas ideologías lingüísticas (Woolard 1998; Dorian 1998; Kroskrity 2004), las cuales influyen decididamente en las prácticas comunicativas que estos migrantes llevan a cabo.From a perspective that adopts the theoretical-methodological guidelines of the linguistics of migration (Zimmermann & Morgenthaler 2007; Zimmermann 2009), this article examines the ideologies and linguistic attitudes, implicit and explicit, hegemonic and resistance, that families of Paraguayan origin possess, on the one hand, with respect to Paraguayan Guarani when it is inserted in a migratory context (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires) and, on the other hand, of themselves as speakers of this language in another country (Argentina), where the predominant language is Spanish. We also note the power relations that underlie these linguistic ideologies (Woolard 1998; Dorian 1998; Kroskrity 2004), which strongly influence the communicative practices that these migrants perform

La Universidad y la comunidad educativa en contextos de diversidad lingüística y cultural: experiencias formativas en escuelas del sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires

En el marco del UBANEX Multilingüismo en el aula. Diversidad lingüística e inclusión educativa en escuelas públicas de los barrios de Barracas, Nueva Pompeya, Flores y Once de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Segunda Parte), el presente trabajo se propone desarrollar las experiencias que se llevan a cabo en conjunto con la Escuela Primaria N°10 D. E. 5 Deán Estanislao de Zavaleta en el barrio de Barracas. Las actividades que se realizan forman parte de las acciones participativas que involucran a la comunidad y al equipo universitario en torno a la diversidad lingüística y cultural. De acuerdo con los datos de la Unidad de Evaluación Integral de la Calidad y Equidad Educativa del GCBA, la población escolar de la zona sur de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires está constituida, en un porcentaje significativo, por hogares de familias migrantes donde se presenta un entramado heterogéneo vinculado a la presencia de más de una lengua/s y cultura/s. En el caso de la Escuela N°10 D.E. 5, las alumnas y alumnos que asisten provienen de familias argentinas, paraguayas y, en menor cantidad, bolivianas y peruanas. Esta composición poblacional permite visibilizar la heterogeneidad lingüística y cultural vinculada a la presencia vital de lengua/s materna/s diferentes del español; al uso familiar y comunitario, cotidiano y extendido, de lenguas originarias: el guaraní, el quechua y aymara. Es por esto que las actividades que se llevan a cabo buscan contribuir en distintos aspectos, a saber: 1) El reconocimiento de la escuela como un ámbito plurilingüe, legitimando la coexistencia de lenguas y culturas. 2) El cuestionamiento a la ideología lingüística hegemónica, que promueve de supremacía del español y su carácter homogeneizador. 3) La garantía del acceso a conocimientos, prácticas y experiencias interculturales. 4) El fortalecimiento de los lazos y el intercambio de saberes entre padres, maestros y estudiantes. Asimismo, se busca, a partir del proyecto, generar un espacio que permita formar a las y los estudiantes universitarios en prácticas comunitarias en el marco de contextos bi/multilingües e interculturales. En suma, estas acciones permiten analizar la relevancia de trabajar con las comunidades educativas, aportando a la visibilización de la heterogeneidad lingüística y cultural.GT75: Experiencias formativas en contextos de desigualdad y diversidad sociocultural.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

De la fe a la política. El discurso de los Curas en opción preferencial por los pobres

En este artículo se analizan, desde la perspectiva de la escuela francesa del Análisis del discurso (Pêcheux, 1975; Maingueneau, 1984), dos cartas abiertas escritas por los Curas en opción preferencial por los pobres (Copp), de la República Argentina, en octubre de 2018 y julio de 2020. El interés se centra en estudiar los mecanismos discursivos a través de los cuales este grupo de curas actualiza sentidos y valores del discurso religioso en una coyuntura sociohistórica determinada, produciéndose así un desplazamiento hacia el discurso político. Los objetivos son 1) advertir las operaciones discursivas que se ponen en juego al momento de producir sentido; 2) analizar las representaciones y valoraciones ideológicas que sostienen el posicionamiento de los Copp; 3) verificar la existencia de regularidades en los modos de enunciación.This article analyzes, from the French Discourse Analysis approach (Pêcheux, 1975; Maingueneau, 1984), two open letters written by the Curas en opción preferencial por los pobres (Copp), from the Argentine Republic, in October 2018 and July 2020. The interest is focused on studying discursive mechanisms though which this group of priest updates meanings and values of religious discourse in a socio-historical conjuncture, thus producing a displacement towards the political discourse. The aims are 1) to notice discursive operations that are put into play when producing sense; 2) analyze the representations and ideological valuations that support the positioning of the Copp; 3) verify the existence of regularities in the modes of enunciation

Prohibir o garantizar derechos: tensiones en torno al uso del lenguaje inclusivo de género en dos proyectos de ley

In this article, we analyze two bills that discuss the use of inclusive language in official documents and educational establishments (one for and one against it). With theoretical and methodological tools from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Valuation Theory, we investigate the (co) relations established between language, ideology and genres; the voices that are brought to the scene as authorized to dispute meanings in the discursive arena; and how the social order of discourses operates in both discourses to control and promote the circulation of discourses.En este artículo, analizamos dos proyectos de ley que discuten el uso del lenguaje inclusivo en documentos oficiales y establecimientos educativos (uno a favor y otro en contra). Con herramientas teórico-metodológicas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y de la Teoría de la Valoración indagamos las (co)relaciones que se establecen entre lenguaje, ideología y géneros, las voces que son traídas a escena como autorizadas para disputar sentidos en la arena discursiva y el modo en que opera el orden social de los discursos en sendos discursos ya para controlar, ya para promover la circulación de los discursos

Prohibiting or guaranteeing rights: tensions around the use of gender-inclusive language in two draft bills

En este artículo, analizamos dos proyectos de ley que discuten el uso del lenguaje inclusivo en documentos oficiales y establecimientos educativos (uno a favor y otro en contra). Con herramientas teórico-metodológicas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y de la Teoría de la Valoración indagamos las (co)relaciones que se establecen entre lenguaje, ideología y géneros, las voces que son traídas a escena como autorizadas para disputar sentidos en la arena discursiva y el modo en que opera el orden social de los discursos en sendos discursos ya para controlar, ya para promover la circulación de los discursos.In this article, we analyze two bills that discuss the use of inclusive language in official documents and educational establishments (one for and one against it). With theoretical and methodological tools from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Valuation Theory, we investigate the (co) relations established between language, ideology and genres; the voices that are brought to the scene as authorized to dispute meanings in the discursive arena; and how the social order of discourses operates in both discourses to control and promote the circulation of discourses.Fil: Santacruz Ascurra, Ivo. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Prohibiting or guaranteeing rights: tensions around the use of gender-inclusive language in two draft bills

En este artículo, analizamos dos proyectos de ley que discuten el uso del lenguaje inclusivo en documentos oficiales y establecimientos educativos (uno a favor y otro en contra). Con herramientas teórico-metodológicas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y de la Teoría de la Valoración indagamos las (co)relaciones que se establecen entre lenguaje, ideología y géneros, las voces que son traídas a escena como autorizadas para disputar sentidos en la arena discursiva y el modo en que opera el orden social de los discursos en sendos discursos ya para controlar, ya para promover la circulación de los discursos.In this article, we analyze two bills that discuss the use of inclusive language in official documents and educational establishments (one for and one against it). With theoretical and methodological tools from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Valuation Theory, we investigate the (co) relations established between language, ideology and genres; the voices that are brought to the scene as authorized to dispute meanings in the discursive arena; and how the social order of discourses operates in both discourses to control and promote the circulation of discourses.Dossier: Discursividades disidentes. Reflexiones sobre el lenguaje no sexista, el lenguaje inclusivo y los discursos con perspectiva de géneroFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Prohibiting or guaranteeing rights: tensions around the use of gender-inclusive language in two draft bills

En este artículo, analizamos dos proyectos de ley que discuten el uso del lenguaje inclusivo en documentos oficiales y establecimientos educativos (uno a favor y otro en contra). Con herramientas teórico-metodológicas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) y de la Teoría de la Valoración indagamos las (co)relaciones que se establecen entre lenguaje, ideología y géneros, las voces que son traídas a escena como autorizadas para disputar sentidos en la arena discursiva y el modo en que opera el orden social de los discursos en sendos discursos ya para controlar, ya para promover la circulación de los discursos.In this article, we analyze two bills that discuss the use of inclusive language in official documents and educational establishments (one for and one against it). With theoretical and methodological tools from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Valuation Theory, we investigate the (co) relations established between language, ideology and genres; the voices that are brought to the scene as authorized to dispute meanings in the discursive arena; and how the social order of discourses operates in both discourses to control and promote the circulation of discourses.Fil: Santacruz Ascurra, Ivo Didier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentin

Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting the Diameter of Electrospun Nanofibers Synthesized from Solutions/Emulsions of Biopolymers and Oils

In the present work, different configurations of nt iartificial neural networks (ANNs) were analyzed in order to predict the experimental diameter of nanofibers produced by means of the electrospinning process and employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA/chitosan (CS) and PVA/aloe vera (Av) solutions. In addition, gelatin type A (GT)/alpha-tocopherol (α-TOC), PVA/olive oil (OO), PVA/orange essential oil (OEO), and PVA/anise oil (AO) emulsions were used. The experimental diameters of the nanofibers electrospun from the different tested systems were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ranged from 93.52 nm to 352.1 nm. Of the three studied ANNs, the one that displayed the best prediction results was the one with three hidden layers with the flow rate, voltage, viscosity, and conductivity variables. The calculation error between the experimental and calculated diameters was 3.79%. Additionally, the correlation coefficient (R2) was identified as a function of the ANN configuration, obtaining values of 0.96, 0.98, and 0.98 for one, two, and three hidden layer(s), respectively. It was found that an ANN configuration having more than three hidden layers did not improve the prediction of the experimental diameter of synthesized nanofibers

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified