THE AVIFAUNA OF THE MO SINGTO FOREST DYNAMICS PLOT, KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND

ABSTRACT The 169 species of birds recorded on the 30 ha Mo Singto Forest Dynamics Plot, Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, are a subset of the 329 species recorded in the headquarters area of the park. Most of the Mo Singto-recorded species are typical of evergreen forest interior but the transient occurrence of a small number of other species, inhabitants of forest edge or more open habitats, is documented. Almost one third of species found on the plot were moderate to long-distance migrant, non-breeding, visitors. The largest foraging guilds were foliage-gleaning insectivores and sallying insectivores, together accounting for over one-third of all species. Though obligate frugivores were poorly represented, most insectivorous birds incorporated fruits in their diet. The nearly 30-year history of avian recording at Mo Singto, with intensive community studies having been conducted in the past decade, and the location of the study plot near the submontane-montane transition, make it an ideal site for continuation of detailed monitoring, particularly that related to the impact of climate change

Dispersal influences genetic and acoustic spatial structure for both males and females in a tropical songbird

Animals exhibit diverse dispersal strategies, including sex-biased dispersal, a phenomenon common in vertebrates. Dispersal influences the genetic structure of populations as well as geographic variation in phenotypic traits. Patterns of spatial genetic structure and geographic variation may vary between the sexes whenever males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviors. Here, we examine dispersal, spatial genetic structure, and spatial acoustic structure in Rufous-and-white Wrens, a year-round resident tropical bird. Both sexes sing in this species, allowing us to compare acoustic variation between males and females and examine the relationship between dispersal and song sharing for both sexes. Using a long-term dataset collected over an 11-year period, we used banding data and molecular genetic analyses to quantify natal and breeding dispersal distance in Rufous-and-white Wrens. We quantified song sharing and examined whether sharing varied with dispersal distance, for both males and females. Observational data and molecular genetic analyses indicate that dispersal is female-biased. Females dispersed farther from natal territories than males, and more often between breeding territories than males. Furthermore, females showed no significant spatial genetic structure, consistent with expectations, whereas males showed significant spatial genetic structure. Overall, natal dispersal appears to have more influence than breeding dispersal on spatial genetic structure and spatial acoustic structure, given that the majority of breeding dispersal events resulted in individuals moving only short distances. Song sharing between pairs of same-sex animals decreases with the distance between their territories for both males and females, although males exhibited significantly greater song sharing than females. Lastly, we measured the relationship between natal dispersal distance and song sharing. We found that sons shared fewer songs with their fathers the farther they dispersed from their natal territories, but that song sharing between daughters and mothers was not significantly correlated with natal dispersal distance. Our results reveal cultural differences between the sexes, suggesting a relationship between culture and sex-biased dispersal

Cooperative Breeding In The Puff-Throated Bulbul Alophoixus Pallidus In Thailand

Pierce, Andrew J., Tokue, Kihoko, Pobprasert, Korakoch, Sankamethawee, Wangworn (2007): Cooperative Breeding In The Puff-Throated Bulbul Alophoixus Pallidus In Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1): 187-18

High throughput sequencing enables discovery of microsatellites from the puff-throated bulbul (\u3ci\u3eAlophoixus pallidus\u3c/i\u3e) and assessment of genetic diversity in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

Bulbuls (family Pycnonotidae) are a diverse family of songbirds that carry out a number of ecologically important functions associated with seed dispersal. Since, 2003, a puffthroated bulbul (Alophoixus pallidus) population in the Mo-Singto Long-term Biodiversity Research Plot in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand has served as a model system for examining how bulbul behavior, movement, and demographics affect Southeast Asian forests. In this study, we used 454 pyrosequencing to discover microsatellites from A. pallidus that will enable the long-term mark-recapture work conducted at Mo-Singto to be complemented by molecular ecology and population genetic studies. In addition, we conducted fragment analysis to examine the level of genetic diversity exhibited by the Mo- Singto population. In total, we identified 103 DNA fragments containing microsatellite repeats and 66 fragments with sufficient flanking sequences to allow for primer design. Upon screening 26 loci via PCR-based genotyping assays, we identified nine polymorphic loci and used eight of these to examine genetic diversity in the Mo-Singto population. The results of these analyses suggest that the Mo-Singto population is moderately diverse (mean number of effective alleles across eight loci = 3.36, standard deviation = 1.78), is more-or-less in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and has not recently been subject to severe population reduction