Molecular Nickel-Catalysts for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2

Increased atmospheric CO2 has been the result of prominent usage of fossil fuels as a fuel source. As fossil fuels are a nonrenewable energy source, scientists are looking towards more renewable energy resources capable of both efficiently producing energy and reducing atmospheric CO2-emissions. A photocatalyst with an earth-abundant metal capable of chemically reducing CO2 paired with only water and photon inputs would provide a solution to these pressing issues. Here, studies were performed on three catalysts, each with a nickel metal center. Each catalyst went through a series of photocatalytic tests in various conditions to identify whether a catalyst was capable of producing a viable carbon-based fuel or fuel precursor. The three catalysts selected were found to have electrochemical activity in previous studies. When each catalyst went through photocatalytic testing, however, one catalyst was capable of producing a large amount of CH4 with water, a light source, a photosensitizer, and a sacrificial electron donor. This catalyst, labeled as 2-Ni in this manuscript, underwent further studies to determine that the reaction involved in producing methane involved a reaction between CO and H2 with the 2-Ni catalyst. While all three catalysts showed carbon-based fuel production in varying amounts, the 2-Ni catalyst was capable of producing a relatively impressive TON of CH4 while also having a high carbon selective reduction percentage

Three Dimensions of Association Link Migraine Symptoms and Functional Connectivity

Migraine is a heterogeneous disorder with variable symptoms and responsiveness to therapy. Because of previous analytic shortcomings, variance in migraine symptoms has been inconsistently related to brain function. In the current analysis, we used data from two sites (n = 143, male and female humans), and performed canonical correlation analysis, relating restingstate functional connectivity (RSFC) with a broad range of migraine symptoms, ranging from headache characteristics to sleep abnormalities. This identified three dimensions of covariance between symptoms and RSFC. The first dimension related to headache intensity, headache frequency, pain catastrophizing, affect, sleep disturbances, and somatic abnormalities, and was associated with frontoparietal and dorsal attention network connectivity, both of which are major cognitive networks. Additionally, RSFC scores from this dimension, both the baseline value and the change from baseline to postintervention, were associated with responsiveness to mind-body therapy. The second dimension was related to an inverse association between pain and anxiety, and to default mode network connectivity. The final dimension was related to pain catastrophizing, and salience, sensorimotor, and default mode network connectivity. In addition to performing canonical correlation analysis, we evaluated the current clustering of migraine patients into episodic and chronic subtypes, and found no evidence to support this clustering. However, when using RSFC scores from the three significant dimensions, we identified a novel clustering of migraine patients into four biotypes with unique functional connectivity patterns. These findings provide new insight into individual variability in migraine, and could serve as the foundation for novel therapies that take advantage of migraine heterogeneit

DnaN clamp zones provide a platform for spatiotemporal coupling of mismatch detection to DNA replication

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96373/1/mmi12115-sup-0001-si.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96373/2/mmi12115.pd

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 polymorphism defines distinct hierarchies of HLA class I recognition

Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in immunity, but how HLA class I (HLA-I) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 (KIR3DL1) polymorphism impacts disease outcome remains unclear. KIR3DL1 (*001/*005/*015) tetramers were screened for reactivity against a panel of HLA-I molecules. This revealed different and distinct hierarchies of specificity for each KIR3DL1 allotype, with KIR3DL1*005 recognizing the widest array of HLA-I ligands. These differences were further reflected in functional studies using NK clones expressing these specific KIR3DL1 allotypes. Unexpectedly, the Ile/Thr80 dimorphism in the Bw4-motif did not categorically define strong/weak KIR3DL1 recognition. Although the KIR3DL1*001, *005, and *015 polymorphisms are remote from the KIR3DL1-HLA-I interface, the structures of these three KIR3DL1-HLA-I complexes showed that the broader HLA-I specificity of KIR3DL1*005 correlated with an altered KIR3DL1*005 interdomain positioning and increased mobility within its ligand-binding site. Collectively, we provide a generic framework for understanding the impact of KIR3DL1 polymorphism on the recognition of HLA-I allomorphs

A bird's eye view of NK cell receptor interactions with their MHC class I ligands

The surveillance of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells utilizes an ensemble of inhibitory and activating receptors, many of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. NK cell recognition of MHC class I proteins is important developmentally for the acquisition of full NK cell effector capacity and during target cell recognition, where the engagement of inhibitory receptors and MHC class I molecules attenuates NK cell activation. Human NK cells have evolved two broad strategies for recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules: (i) direct recognition of polymorphic classical HLA class I proteins by diverse receptor families such as the killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs), and (ii) indirect recognition of conserved sets of HLA class I‐derived peptides displayed on the non‐classical HLA‐E for recognition by CD94‐NKG2 receptors. In this review, we assess the structural basis for the interaction between these NK receptors and their HLA class I ligands and, using the suite of published KIR and CD94‐NKG2 ternary complexes, highlight the features that allow NK cells to orchestrate the recognition of a range of different HLA class I proteins

Systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of preoperative sleep disturbance on post-cardiovascular surgery outcomes: literature search documentation

This study was registered in PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42017052986Objective: Pre-existing sleep disturbances are common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate whether preoperative sleep disturbance impacts postoperative outcomes following cardiac surgery. Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and HTA were searched for studies that evaluated the impact of preoperative sleep disturbance on postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgical intervention. Adjusted and unadjusted meta-analyses were performed to compare postoperative outcomes, including: postoperative atrial fibrillation, in-hospital mortality, in-hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, and intensive care unit mortality among patients with and without preoperative sleep disturbance. Results: A total of 17 studies were included (N=2,886 patients). Preoperative sleep disturbance was incrementally associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR 3.75; 95% CI: 1.1.51-9.30), postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.62-2.75), increased intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) (MD: 0.31; 95% CI, 0.28-0.33), and increased hospital LOS (MD 1.06; 95% CI, 0.34, 1.79). Preoperative sleep disturbance was not significantly associated with higher rates of intensive care unit readmission (OR 1.61; 95% CI, 0.84-3.08). Conclusions: Sleep disturbance was associated with an increased risk of post-operative mortality, POAF, and prolonged hospital and intensive care unit LOS. Early recognition and effective treatment of sleep disturbances may reduce postoperative mortality, morbidity, and health care costs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Actual document is the search documentation supporting the dataset