Study Of Fish Layang Otolith, Decapterus Akaadsi, Abe 1958 From Amurang Bay

Otolith atau batu telinga ikan dikenal sebagai hasil dari biomineralisasi yang berlangsung dalam tubuh ikan. Pada beberapa studi, otolith digunakan untuk mengestimasi umur ikan serta struktur. Otolith dimiliki oleh semua ikan teleost dengan tiga (3) organ otolith antara lain sagitta, utrikulus dan lagena. Hingga kini jenis Decapterus akaadsi family Carangidae, belum pernah diungkapkan karakteristik morfometrik otolithnya, demikian halnya dengan struktur mikro dari morfologi Panjang, lebar, area, keliling otolith dan elemen biomineralnya.Otolith ikan layang, Decapterus akaadsi telah ditelaah dari sampel pasangan otolith sagita (kiri dan kanan) sebanyak 29 ikan jantan dan 22 ikan betina. Citra foto otolith ini ditafsirkan dengan piranti ImageJ untuk mendeskripsikan panjang, lebar, perimeter, dan luas otolith Panjang total tubuh Decapterus akaadsi contoh ditemukann non signifikan menentukan descriptor utama otolith. Sementara variasi morfometrik panjang otolith (2,24 mm) dan lebar (5,26 mm) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan baik antara otolith kiri dan otolith kanan, seperti juga antara otolith dari ikan betina dan ikan jantan.Berdasarkan hasil analisis pola pertumbuhan, uji t terhadap nilai b ikan layang, Decapterus akaadsi jantan memiliki t hit > t tabe maka dari itu H1 diterima (alometrik) dan betina t hit > t tabel serta gambungkan (jantan-betina) t hit > t tabel dimana hipotesis H1 diterima (alometrik)

Marine Debris Composition On Tasik Ria Beach, Tombariri, Minahasa Regency

Indonesia disebut sebagai kontributor sampah plastik ke laut terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Tiongkok, dengan estimasi 0,48-1,29 juta metrik ton per tahun (Jambeck et al, 2015). Masalah utama dewasa ini adalah kurangnya informasi mengenai pencemaran sampah laut di pantai, khususnya di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis sampah laut di Pantai Tasik Ria dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan garis transek. Pengamatan sampah laut dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali dengan total 10 transek antara bulan Februari hingga April 2019. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak yaitu Microsoft Excel, Statgraphics, dan JMP. Adapun tehnik analisis yang digunakan adalah EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis) dengan pendekatan utama yaitu, GDA (Graphical Data Analysis). Dari berbagai semua jenis sampah yang didapatkan, sampah plastik merupakan yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu sebanyak 189 item, diikuti kaca 97 item, kayu dan turunannya 11 item, karet 5 item dan terakhir pakaian 2 item. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, jenis sampah makro merupakan ukuran sampah yang paling banyak ditemukan di lokasi penelitian. Jumlah total makro-debris yang dikumpulkan di sepuluh transek pengamatan adalah sebanyak 316 item dengan bobot total 118,62 gr/m2, sedangkan meso-debris hanya terdapat 6 item dengan bobot total 7,18 gr/m2. Persentase komposisi makro-debris yang terdapat di pantai Tasik Ria adalah plastik (58,15%), kaca (29,85%), logam (6,52%), kayu dan turunannya (3,42%), karet (1,55%) dan pakaian (0,62%). Hasil ini dapat menggambarkan potensi kejadian dimana plastik menjadi komponen sampah laut dominan di pantai, secara khusus di Kecamatan Tombariri, Kabupaten Minahasa

KANDUNGAN KARBON (C) SERASAH MANGROVE DI DESA PONTO KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

Mangrove forests have a role as an absorber of carbon dioxide (CO2) from air and sea therefore they play an important role in mitigating climate change. The problems that exist today are the decline in the area of mangrove forests due to the conversion of land functions into ponds, and development in coastal areas. Decrease of mangrove forest areas can lead to reduced its ability to absorb and storage carbon dioxide (CO2). The purposes of this study were to analyze litter carbon content of mangrove leaf litter in the mangrove forest of Pontoh Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency and estimate the carbon content (C) in mangrove litter per hectare per year. Based on the results of the analysis, the total average percentage of carbon content in mangrove litter in Ponto Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency was 29.71% C/day, and from the estimation results, the average carbon content (C) in mangrove litter is 3.68 tons/ha/year. Key Word: mangrove, litter, carbon content   ABSTRAK  Hutan mangrove memiliki peran sebagai penyerap karbondioksida (CO2) dari udara sehingga berperan penting untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim. Permasalahan yang ada saat ini yaitu berkurangnya luas kawasan hutan mangrove akibat pengalihan fungsi lahan menjadi tambak, dan pembangunan di kawasan pesisir. Apabila berkurangnya kawasan hutan mangrove maka dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya sumber penyerapan dan penyimpanan karbodioksida (CO2). Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kandungan karbon pada serasah daun mangrove hutan mangrove Desa Lansa, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan mengestimasi Kandungan Karbon (C) pada serasah mangrove per luasan hektar per tahun. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan total rata-rata persentase kandungan karbon serasah mangrove di Desa Ponto, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yakni sebesar 29,71% C/hari, serta dari hasil estimasi didapatkan rata-rata kandungan karbon (C) pada serasah mangrove sebesar 3,68 ton/ha/tahun. Kata Kunci:  mangrove, serasah, kandungan karbo

Breadwinners and Homemakers: Migration and Changing Conjugal Expectations in Rural Bangladesh

The literature on marriage norms and aspirations across societies largely sees the institution as static – a tool for the assertion of masculinities and subordination of women. The changing meanings of marriage and conjugality in the contemporary context of globalisation have received scant attention. Based on research in rural Bangladesh, this article questions the usefulness of notions of autonomy and dependence in understanding conjugal relations and expectations in a context of widespread migration for extended periods, especially to overseas destinations, where mutuality is crucial for social reproduction, though in clearly genderdemarcated domains

Lipopolysaccharides of brucella abortus and brucella melitensis induce nitric oxide synthesis in rat peritoneal macrophages

Producción CientíficaSmooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) and lipid A of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) by rat adherent peritoneal cells, but they induced lower levels of production of NO than Escherichia coli LPS. The participation of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was confirmed by the finding of an increased expression of both iNOS mRNA and iNOS protein. These observations might help to explain (i) the acute outcome of Brucella infection in rodents, (ii) the low frequency of septic shock in human brucellosis, and (iii) the prolonged intracellular survival of Brucella in humans.This work was supported by (grants FIS 96/1017, SAF96-0144, and SAF98-0176

Genome Degradation in Brucella ovis Corresponds with Narrowing of Its Host Range and Tissue Tropism

Brucella ovis is a veterinary pathogen associated with epididymitis in sheep. Despite its genetic similarity to the zoonotic pathogens B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, B. ovis does not cause zoonotic disease. Genomic analysis of the type strain ATCC25840 revealed a high percentage of pseudogenes and increased numbers of transposable elements compared to the zoonotic Brucella species, suggesting that genome degradation has occurred concomitant with narrowing of the host range of B. ovis. The absence of genomic island 2, encoding functions required for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as inactivation of genes encoding urease, nutrient uptake and utilization, and outer membrane proteins may be factors contributing to the avirulence of B. ovis for humans. A 26.5 kb region of B. ovis ATCC25840 Chromosome II was absent from all the sequenced human pathogenic Brucella genomes, but was present in all of 17 B. ovis isolates tested and in three B. ceti isolates, suggesting that this DNA region may be of use for differentiating B. ovis from other Brucella spp. This is the first genomic analysis of a non-zoonotic Brucella species. The results suggest that inactivation of genes involved in nutrient acquisition and utilization, cell envelope structure and urease may have played a role in narrowing of the tissue tropism and host range of B. ovis

Fosmidomycin Uptake into Plasmodium and Babesia-Infected Erythrocytes Is Facilitated by Parasite-Induced New Permeability Pathways

., a mouse malaria parasite. and related parasites. Our data provide further evidence that parasite-induced new permeability pathways may be exploited as routes for drug delivery

Brucellosis Vaccines: Assessment of Brucella melitensis Lipopolysaccharide Rough Mutants Defective in Core and O-Polysaccharide Synthesis and Export

Background: The brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the major neglected zoonoses. In endemic areas, vaccination is the only effective way to control this disease. Brucella melitensis Rev 1 is a vaccine effective against the brucellosis of sheep and goat caused by B. melitensis, the commonest source of human infection. However, Rev 1 carries a smooth lipopolysaccharide with an O-polysaccharide that elicits antibodies interfering in serodiagnosis, a major problem in eradication campaigns. Because of this, rough Brucella mutants lacking the O-polysaccharide have been proposed as vaccines. Methodology/Principal Findings: To examine the possibilities of rough vaccines, we screened B. melitensis for lipopolysaccharide genes and obtained mutants representing all main rough phenotypes with regard to core oligosaccharide and O-polysaccharide synthesis and export. Using the mouse model, mutants were classified into four attenuation patterns according to their multiplication and persistence in spleens at different doses. In macrophages, mutants belonging to three of these attenuation patterns reached the Brucella characteristic intracellular niche and multiplied intracellularly, suggesting that they could be suitable vaccine candidates. Virulence patterns, intracellular behavior and lipopolysaccharide defects roughly correlated with the degree of protection afforded by the mutants upon intraperitoneal vaccination of mice. However, when vaccination was applied by the subcutaneous route, only two mutants matched the protection obtained with Rev 1 albeit at doses one thousand fold higher than this reference vaccine. These mutants, which were blocked in O-polysaccharide export and accumulated internal O-polysaccharides, stimulated weak anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies. Conclusions/Significance: The results demonstrate that no rough mutant is equal to Rev 1 in laboratory models and question the notion that rough vaccines are suitable for the control of brucellosis in endemic areas.This work was funded by the European Commission (Research Contract QLK2-CT-2002-00918) and the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain (Proyecto AGL2004-01162/GAN)

Introduction: Toward an Engaged Feminist Heritage Praxis

We advocate a feminist approach to archaeological heritage work in order to transform heritage practice and the production of archaeological knowledge. We use an engaged feminist standpoint and situate intersubjectivity and intersectionality as critical components of this practice. An engaged feminist approach to heritage work allows the discipline to consider women’s, men’s, and gender non-conforming persons’ positions in the field, to reveal their contributions, to develop critical pedagogical approaches, and to rethink forms of representation. Throughout, we emphasize the intellectual labor of women of color, queer and gender non-conforming persons, and early white feminists in archaeology