Gambaran Kadar Kalium Serum Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium 5 Non Dialisis Di Manado

: Potassium is the main intracellular ion in the body and plays a key role in maintaining cell function. Total body potassium distributed 98% in intracellular and 2% in extracellular fluid. A slight change in the distribution of these can cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. A healthy kidney has great capacity to maintain potassium homeostasis in the cace of excess potassium. The kidney is primarily responsible for maintaining total body potassium content by matching potassium intake with potassium excretion. This study aimed to obtain the profile of potassium serum in non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado. This was an obsevartional descriptive study. There were 35 blood samples obtained from patients in Nephrology-Hypertension Polyclinic and IRINA of Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Hospital and Teling Adventist Hospital. There were 11 samples (31,4%) with hypokalemia consisted of 6 home-care patients (35.3%) and 5 hospital-care patients (27.8%), 15 samples (42.9%) were in normal range consisted of 8 home-care patients (47.1%) and 7 hospital-care patients (38.9%), and 9 samples (25.7%) with hyperkalemia consisted of 3 home-care patients (17.6%) and 6 hospital-care patients (33,3%) from total non-dialysis CKD stage 5 samples resulted from laboratory examination. Conclusion: In non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado, normokalemia was the most common found than hypokalemia and hyperkalemia

Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the mechanism of action of cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in ornithine 4,5-aminomutase

A computational study was performed on the experimentally elusive cyclisation step in the cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent D-ornithine 4,5-aminomutase (OAM)-catalysed reaction. Calculations using both model systems and a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach suggest that regulation of the cyclic radical intermediate is achieved through the synergy of the intrinsic catalytic power of cofactor PLP and the active site of the enzyme. The captodative effect of PLP is balanced by an enzyme active site that controls the deprotonation of both the pyridine nitrogen atom (N1) and the Schiff-base nitrogen atom (N2). Furthermore, electrostatic interactions between the terminal carboxylate and amino groups of the substrate and Arg297 and Glu81 impose substantial “strain” energy on the orientation of the cyclic intermediate to control its trajectory. In addition the “strain” energy, which appears to be sensitive to both the number of carbon atoms in the substrate/analogue and the position of the radical intermediates, may play a key role in controlling the transition of the enzyme from the closed to the open state. Our results provide new insights into several aspects of the radical mechanism in aminomutase catalysis and broaden our understanding of cofactor PLP-dependent reactions

An evaluation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RTLAMP) for diagnosis of rabies.

Thesis of Master of Science in One Health Laboratory Diagnostic Sciences.Rabies is a neurological disease caused by a lyssavirus belonging to the family rhabdoviridae. The causative agent has a global distribution (except Antarctica) resulting in an estimated 59,000 human deaths worldwide. The true disease burden and public health impact due to rabies remain underestimated due to lack of sensitive laboratory diagnostic methods. This is particularly common in underdeveloped countries. This study was aimed at evaluating Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) as a viable alternative method to RT-PCR and DFAT for diagnosis of rabies in Zambia. RT-LAMP primers were designed based on the most conserved region of N gene sequences covering various rabies virus isolates representative sequences from around Africa. Amplification products of the RTLAMP assay was monitored by visual colour change of fluorescent dye and by agarose gel electrophoresis. To evaluate the RT-LAMP assay’s applicability to rabies, archived samples stored at -80◦C at the University of Zambia repository were used. A total of 84 samples were tested using both RT-LAMP and RT-PCR, with 25 samples coming from Zimbabwe, 40 samples coming from Zambia, and 19 samples coming from Malawi. The results of the RTLAMP were compared with RT-PCR assay. The RT-LAMP assay was successfully optimized with a turnaround time of about 2 hours and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 96.1% and 100%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of the RT-LAMP was 2.19x10-5 ηg/μl of rabies sample RNA. In conclusion, RT-LAMP is a promising alternative to RT-PCR and DFAT for the diagnosis of rabies, offering several advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and sensitivity. While further studies are needed to validate its performance in different settings, RT-LAMP has the potential to become a valuable tool in the global fight against rabies

Gambaran Pengetahuan Tentang Anemia Gizi Besi pada Remaja Putri di SMA Negeri 3 Manado

Remaja putri rentan terhadap anemia gizi besi, dalam usia remaja terjadi perubahan fisik san hormonal. Perkembangan ini mempengaruhi kebutuhan zat gizi dimasa remaja. Kebutuhan akan zat besi pada remaja sering tidak terpenuhi karena remaja putri memiliki kebiasaan makan yang buruk. Dampak anemia gizi besi akan lebih serius efeknya karena remaja putri nantinya akan hamil dan melahirkan anak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan bahaya kematian ibu dan kelahiran prematur. Data World Health Organization (WHO) pada tahun 2019 di Indonesia angka kejadian anemia pada perempuan 15-49 tahun yaitu sebesar 31,2%. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Mei-Agustus 2021 dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan pengetahuan tentang anemia gizi besi pada remaja putri di SMA Negeri 3 Manado. Menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 241 responden. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan tentang anemia gizi besi diperoleh bahwa responden dengan kategori pengetahuan baik yaitu sebanyak 59 remaja putri (24,5%) kategori pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 144 remaja putri (59,8%), dan kategori pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 38 remaja putri (15,8%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar remaja putri di SMA Negeri 3 Manado berada pada kategori pengetahuan cukup yaitu sebanyak 144 orang (59,8%). Kata Kunci: Anemia Gizi Besi, Remaja Putri ABSTRACTAdolescent girls are susceptible to iron deficiency anemia, in adolescence there are physical changes in hormonal san. This development affects the nutritional needs in adolescence. The need for iron in adolescents often goes unmet because young women have poor eating habits. The impact of iron deficiency anemia will be more serious because young women will later become pregnant and give birth to children, so it can increase the danger of maternal death and premature birth. World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2019 in Indonesia the incidence of anemia in women 15-49 years is 31.2%. The study was conducted in May-August 2021 with the aim of describing knowledge about iron deficiency anemia in young women in State High School 3 Manado. Using quantitative research types with descriptive research designs with a sample number of 241 respondents. The results of the study based on data collection using knowledge questionnaires about iron deficiency anemia were obtained that respondents with good knowledge categories were as many as 59 young women (24.5%) enough knowledge categories as many as 144 young women (59.8%), and less knowledge categories as many as 38 young women (15.8%). The conclusion of this study is that most of the young women in State High School 3 Manado are in the category of sufficient knowledge, which is as many as 144 people (59.8%). Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia, Adolescent Girl Â

FORMULASI SEDIAAN HIDROGEL DAUN MIANA (COLEUS SCUTELLARIOIDES (L.) BENTH) : UJI STABILITAS FISIK DAN UJI SPF

Suatu sediaan diperlukan evaluasi untuk efektivitas seperti nilai SPF untuk tabir surya dan memiliki kestabilan yang baik. Suatu sediaan yang stabil tidak akan mengalami perubahan selama masa penyimpanan pada kondisi uji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur nilai SPF sediaan hidrogel ekstrak etanol daun miana dan menguji kestabilannya. Metode pengukuran nilai SPF menggunakan metode mansur dan untuk stabilitas menggunakan metode cycling test. Ekstrak daun miana diuji untuk aktivitas tabir surya dan digunakan dalam pembuatan hidrogel dengan variasi karbopol 940 (F1: 0,5%, F2: 0,75%, F3: 1%). Hasilnya nilai SPF tertinggi ekstrak adalah 22,60, sementara SPF hidrogel adalah 21,07 (F1), 21,18 (F2), dan 21,23 (F3). Evaluasi sediaan pada F2 dan F3 memenuhi standar, tetapi semua formula menunjukkan tidak adanya perubahan yang signifikan setelah di uji cycling test. Maka dari itu, F2 menjadi formula yang optimum untuk digunakan sebagai sediaan tabir surya yang stabil secara fisik

Radical reaction control in the AdoMet radical enzyme CDG Synthase (QueE): consolidate, destabilize, accelerate

Controlling radical intermediates and thus catalysing and directing complex radical reactions is a central feature of S-adensosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent radical enzymes. We report ab initio and DFT calculations highlighting the specific influence of ion complexation, including Mg2+, identified as a key catalytic component on radical stability and reaction control in 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine synthase (QueE). Radical stabilisation energies (RSEs) of key intermediates and radical clock-like model systems of the enzyme-catalysed rearrangement of 6-carboxytetrahydropterin (CPH4), reveals a directing role of Mg2+ in destabilising both the substrate-derived radical and corresponding side reactions, with the effect that the experimentally-observed rearrangement becomes dominant over possible alternatives. Importantly, this is achieved with minimal disruption of the thermodynamics of the substrate itself, affording a novel mechanism for an enzyme to both maintain binding potential and accelerate the rearrangement step. Other mono and divalent ions were probed with only dicationic species achieving the necessary radical conformation to facilitate the reaction

Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Susceptibility of Peptides to Oxidation

The tendency of peptides to be oxidized is intimately connected with their function and even their ability to exist in an oxidative environment. Here we report high-level theoretical studies that show that hydrogen bonding can alter the susceptibility of peptides to oxidation, with complexation to a hydrogen-bond acceptor facilitating oxidation, and vice versa, impacting the feasibility of a diverse range of biological processes. It can even provide an energetically viable mechanistic alternative to direct hydrogen-atom abstraction. We find that hydrogen bonding to representative reactive groups leads to a broad (?400?kJ?mol?1) spectrum of ionization energies in the case of model amide, thiol and phenol systems. While some of the oxidative processes at the extreme ends of the spectrum are energetically prohibitive, subtle environmental and solvent effects could potentially mitigate the situation, leading to a balance between hydrogen bonding and oxidative susceptibility

On Predicting Mössbauer Parameters of Iron-Containing Molecules with Density-Functional Theory

The performance of six frequently used density functional theory (DFT) methods (RPBE, OLYP, TPSS, B3LYP, B3LYP*, and TPSSh) in the prediction of Mössbauer isomer shifts(δ) and quadrupole splittings (ΔEQ) is studied for an extended and diverse set of Fe complexes. In addition to the influence of the applied density functional and the type of the basis set, the effect of the environment of the molecule, approximated with the conducting-like screening solvation model (COSMO) on the computed Mössbauer parameters, is also investigated. For the isomer shifts the COSMO-B3LYP method is found to provide accurate δ values for all 66 investigated complexes, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.05 mm s–1 and a maximum deviation of 0.12 mm s–1. Obtaining accurate ΔEQ values presents a bigger challenge; however, with the selection of an appropriate DFT method, a reasonable agreement can be achieved between experiment and theory. Identifying the various chemical classes of compounds that need different treatment allowed us to construct a recipe for ΔEQ calculations; the application of this approach yields a MAE of 0.12 mm s–1 (7% error) and a maximum deviation of 0.55 mm s–1 (17% error). This accuracy should be sufficient for most chemical problems that concern Fe complexes. Furthermore, the reliability of the DFT approach is verified by extending the investigation to chemically relevant case studies which include geometric isomerism, phase transitions induced by variations of the electronic structure (e.g., spin crossover and inversion of the orbital ground state), and the description of electronically degenerate triplet and quintet states. Finally, the immense and often unexploited potential of utilizing the sign of the ΔEQ in characterizing distortions or in identifying the appropriate electronic state at the assignment of the spectral lines is also shown

AgCl-induced hot salt stress corrosion cracking in a titanium alloy

The mechanism of AgCl-induced stress corrosion cracking of Ti-6246 was examined at 500 MPa and 380 °C for 24 h exposures. SEM and STEM-EDX examination of a FIB-sectioned blister and crack showed that metallic Ag was formed and migrated along the crack. TEM analysis also revealed the presence of SnO2 and Al2O3 corrosion products mixed into TiO2. The fracture surface has a transgranular nature with a brittle appearance in the primary α phase. Long, straight and non-interacting dislocations were observed in a brittle appearance fractured primary α grain, with basal and pyramidal traces. This is consistent with a dislocation emission view of the cracking mechanism