KARAKTERISTIK PATI DARI BATANG POHON AREN PADA BERBAGAI FASE PERTUMBUHAN

The aims of this experiment were to determine the most suitable phase of palm sugar tree for producing starch and the characteristics of starch (functional, physical and chemical compositions) which were appropriate for starch noodle. Three growth phases of palm sugar tree were observed, namely: before flowering, productive growth and post growth productive phases.  Starch characteristics analyzed included water content, reduced sugar, starch, amylase, lipid, protein, fiber, ash, acid degree, form and size of granular, and starch amilography. Starch of green bean was used as a comparison.  Results of this experiment indicated that the highest starch content on the palm sugar tree was found at the productive growth phase. The characteristics of starch on the palm sugar at the post growth productive phase were similar to the starch of green bean. Therefore, starch obtained from post growth productive phase is the best for starch noodle

JEJAK TUANTA SALAMAKA DAN TRADISI ZIARAH KUBUR SEBAGAI BENTUK BUDAYA SPRITUAL

Penelitian ini membahas tentang keberadaan Makam Syekh Yusuf atau di kenal juga dengan Tuanta Salamaka di Lakiung Kelurahan Katangka Kabupaten Gowa yang sampai saat ini masih dapat dijumpai dan dikaitkan dengan kegiatan pariwisata, tanggapan-tanggapan dari kalangan masyarakat tentang keberadaan Makam Syekh Yusuf manakala dijadikan sebagai objek wisata budaya, serta apa pengaruhnya bagi masyarakat sekitar makam. Dimana penelitian ini di lakukan pada salah satu daerah yaitu di Kelurahan Katangka Kecamatan Sombaopu Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan penelitian lapangan yang mencakup observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara, Adapun teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kata Kunci : Makam, Syekh Yusuf, Budaya dan Pariwisat

KARAKTERISTIK BUAH KAKAO YANG DIPANEN PADA BERBAGAI KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TUMBUH DAN KELAS KEMATANGAN

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of altitude and cacao maturity class on cacao fruit characteristics and seed quality. Cacao fruits were harvested from three different altitudes  (first factor): 1-400-800 and >800 m above sea level (asl); and three different maturity classes (second): maturity class B (yellow on the fruit skin groove), maturity class A (yellow on the whole fruit skin surface) and maturity class A+ (dark yellow on the whole fruit skin surface).  Physical fruit characteristics were analysed on weight, fruit skin content, placenta, dental pulp, wet and dry seed yield, seed number/100 g, unfermented seed, and pulp content and its chemical components (sugar and total acid content).  The combination of the two factors resulted in  27 experimental units. The research resuts showed that cocoa fruit harvested from the plants growing at >400-900 m asl produced highest fruit weight (494.76 g), dry seed yield (8.43% dry weight) and seed size (90 seeds/100g).  Whereas at 1 - 400 - <800 m asl with maturity class A produced seed which meet most the quality standard set by the SNI trade 01-2323-2002. The altitude as a growth factor is more dominant in influencing the cacao fruit characteristics than either the fruit maturity class or its combination with the altitude factor

Renjis Vol. 5 No. 2 Desember 2019

Jurnal Renjis diterbitkan oleh BPNB Kepulauan Riau. Vol. 5 No. 2 Desember 2019 berisi 5 artikel. Artikel-artikel tersebut adalah 1. Nur Alam Saleh - Antara Ramuan dan Mantra dalam Sistem Pengobatan Tradisional Orang Makassar. 2. Sasangka Adi Nugraha - Ambacht Cursus 3. Hendri Purnomo - Taber Laut : Kearifan Lokal Menjaga Keseimbangan Alam di Desa Batu Beriga, Kecamatan Lubuk Besar, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah 4. M. Ali Surakhman - Kepunahan 'Mangendau" Permainan Tradisional Anak Batanghari, Jambi 5. Ayu Sarah Domani - Batik Jambi Era Kontempore

Efficacy of sodium butyrate adjunct therapy in shigellosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Treatment of shigellosis in rabbits with butyrate reduces clinical severity and counteracts the downregulation of cathelicidin (CAP-18) in the large intestinal epithelia. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether butyrate can be used as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of shigellosis in patients. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group designed clinical trial was conducted. Eighty adult patients with shigellosis were randomized to either the Intervention group (butyrate, n = 40) or the Placebo group (normal saline, n = 40). The Intervention group was given an enema containing sodium butyrate (80 mM), twice daily for 3 days, while the Placebo group received the same dose of normal saline. The primary endpoint of the trial was to assess the efficacy of butyrate in improving clinical, endoscopic and histological features of shigellosis. The secondary endpoint was to study the effect of butyrate on the induction of antimicrobial peptides in the rectum. Clinical outcomes were assessed and concentrations of antimicrobial peptides (LL-37, human beta defensin1 [HBD-1] and human beta defensin 3 [HBD-3]) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and interleukin-8 [IL-8]) were measured in the stool. Sigmoidoscopic and histopathological analyses, and immunostaining of LL-37 in the rectal mucosa were performed in a subgroup of patients. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, butyrate therapy led to the early reduction of macrophages, pus cells, IL-8 and IL-1β in the stool and improvement in rectal histopathology. Butyrate treatment induced LL-37 expression in the rectal epithelia. Stool concentration of LL-37 remained significantly higher in the Intervention group on days 4 and 7. CONCLUSION: Adjunct therapy with butyrate during shigellosis led to early reduction of inflammation and enhanced LL-37 expression in the rectal epithelia with prolonged release of LL-37 in the stool. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00800930

SOSIALISASI PEMASARAN ONLINE UMKM MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL FACEBOOK

UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) adalah milik pengusaha yang dikelola perorangan. UMKM memiliki peran strategis dalam membangun perekonomian nasional. Setiap UMKM tentunya memiliki produk dan cara tersendiri dalam proses pemasarannya. Dalam dunia usaha, media sosial memiliki banyak fungsi. Fungsi pertama adalah untuk mengidentifikasi konsumen. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang bersifat uraian dari hasil pengamatan dan studi dokumentasi. Pelatihan pemasaran produk dengan menggunakan media sosial mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Kata kunci : UMKM, Media socia

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. FINDINGS: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males and 1·96 years (1·69-2·13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2·3% [-5·9 to 0·9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16·1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally. INTERPRETATION: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016

Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of “leaving no one behind”. Understanding today’s gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990–2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030