6 research outputs found

    Etude de l’alimentation hydrique du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) dans le contexte pĂ©doclimatique de la zone littorale de la RĂ©publique de Djibouti

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    Date palm is one of the few food crops adapted to the extreme weather conditions (drought, salinity), such as encountered in Djibouti. In the context of highly limited water resources, knowledge of the date palm water requirements is essential. The objective of this research was to determine the date palm water requirements, in the Djibouti pedoclimatic context, using in situ monitoring of water transport in the soil-plantatmosphere system, at the scale of a single date palm tree, and to quantify the date palm root water uptake. A fully developed date palm tree was instrumented at the irrigation basin scale, using several access tubes for neutron probe for monitoring the soil volumetric water content, and several tensiometers, installed from 10 to 160 cm depth. Three infiltration/redistribution experiments have been performed successively, the first without alteration of the soil-plant system, the second after cutting off a date palm tree while allowing the surface evaporation, the last with covering the soil surface to avoid evaporation. The results show large heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties, with stratification linked to the coastline sedimentary context. The root water uptake is observed up to 80 cm depth. The date palm water requirements in the fresh period are estimated at 130 liters per day with a frequency of irrigation of one time every two weeks. For the first time, the date palm cultural coefficient has been established in the Djibouti climatic conditions (kc = 1.39). The obtained results will contribute to better management of irrigation and to improve the control of soil salinization in the pedoclimatic context of the Republic of Djibouti.Le palmier-dattier constitue une des rares cultures Ă  vocation alimentaire adaptĂ©es aux conditions climatiques extrĂȘmes (sĂ©cheresse, salinitĂ©), telles que rencontrĂ©es Ă  Djibouti. Dans un contexte de ressources en eau fortement limitĂ©es, la connaissance des modalitĂ©s de l’alimentation hydrique du palmier dattier est essentielle. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’acquĂ©rir cette connaissance, dans le contexte pĂ©doclimatique de Djibouti, par la rĂ©alisation d’un suivi in situ du fonctionnement hydrique du systĂšme sol-palmier, Ă  l’échelle d’un individu, et la quantification du puits racinaire du palmier-dattier. Un palmier-dattier, pleinement dĂ©veloppĂ©, a Ă©tĂ© instrumentĂ© Ă  l’échelle de la cuvette d’irrigation, Ă  l’aide de plusieurs tubes d’accĂšs de sonde Ă  neutrons, pour le suivi de la teneur en eau volumique du sol, et de plusieurs tensiomĂštres, rĂ©partis de 10 Ă  160 cm de profondeur. Trois expĂ©riences d’infiltration/redistribution a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es successivement, la premiĂšre sans altĂ©rer le fonctionnement du systĂšme sol-palmier, la seconde aprĂšs avoir coupĂ© le palmier, tout en permettant l’évaporation de la surface du sol, la derniĂšre aprĂšs avoir couvert la surface du sol afin d’empĂȘcher l’évaporation. Les rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence une forte hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s hydriques du sol, avec une stratification liĂ©e au contexte sĂ©dimentaire littoral. L’impact du puits racinaire sur la dynamique hydrique du sol est observĂ© jusqu’à 80 cm de profondeur. Pour la pĂ©riode fraĂźche, les besoins en eau du palmier dattier sont estimĂ©s Ă  130 L par jour, avec une frĂ©quence d’irrigation d’une fois toutes les 2 semaines. Pour la premiĂšre fois, le coefficient cultural du palmier dattier (kc = 1,39) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli dans les conditions climatiques de Djibouti. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus contribueront Ă  une meilleure gestion de l’irrigation et Ă  une meilleure maĂźtrise du risque de salinisation du sol dans le contexte pĂ©doclimatique de la RĂ©publique de Djibouti

    COSMOS-Europe : a European network of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture sensors

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    We thank TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories), funded by the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft for the financing and maintenance of CRNS stations. We acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) of the research unit FOR 2694 Cosmic Sense (grant no. 357874777) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education of the Research BioökonomieREVIER, Digitales Geosystem – Rheinisches Revier project (grant no. 031B0918A). COSMOS-UK has been supported financially by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/R016429/1). The Olocau experimental watershed is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research project TETISCHANGE (grant no. RTI2018-093717-BI00). The Calderona experimental site is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research projects CEHYRFO-MED (grant no. CGL2017-86839- C3-2-R) and SILVADAPT.NET (grant no. RED2018-102719-T) and the LIFE project RESILIENT FORESTS (grant no. LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063). The University of Bristol’s Sheepdrove sites have been supported by the UK’s Natural Environment Research Council through a number of projects (grant nos. NE/M003086/1, NE/R004897/1, and NE/T005645/1) and by the International Atomic Energy Agency of the United Nations (grant no. CRP D12014). Acknowledgements. We thank Peter Strauss and Gerhab Rab from the Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management Austria, Petzenkirchen, Austria. We thank Trenton Franz from the School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States. We also thank Carmen Zengerle, Mandy Kasner, Felix Pohl, and Solveig Landmark, UFZ Leipzig, for supporting field calibration, lab analysis, and data processing. We furthermore thank Daniel Dolfus, Marius Schmidt, Ansgar Weuthen, and Bernd Schilling, Forschungszentrum JĂŒlich, Germany. The COSMOS-UK project team is thanked for making its data available to COSMOS-Europe. Luca Stevanato is thanked for the technical details about the Finapp sensor. The stations at Cunnersdorf, Lindenberg, and Harzgerode have been supported by Falk Böttcher, Frank Beyrich, and Petra Fude, German Weather Service (DWD). The Zerbst site has been supported by Getec Green Energy GmbH and Jörg Kachelmann (Meteologix AG). The CESBIO sites have been supported by the CNES TOSCA program. The ERA5-Land data are provided by ECMWF (Muñoz Sabater, 2021). The Jena dataset was retrieved at the site of The Jena Experiment, operated by DFG research unit FOR 1451.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Study of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) water uptake in the coastal pedoclimatic context of the Republic of Djibouti

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    Le palmier-dattier constitue une des rares cultures Ă  vocation alimentaire adaptĂ©es aux conditions climatiques extrĂȘmes (sĂ©cheresse, salinitĂ©), telles que rencontrĂ©es Ă  Djibouti. Dans un contexte de ressources en eau fortement limitĂ©es, la connaissance des modalitĂ©s de l’alimentation hydrique du palmier dattier est essentielle. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’acquĂ©rir cette connaissance, dans le contexte pĂ©doclimatique de Djibouti, par la rĂ©alisation d’un suivi in situ du fonctionnement hydrique du systĂšme sol-palmier, Ă  l’échelle d’un individu, et la quantification du puits racinaire du palmier-dattier. Un palmier-dattier, pleinement dĂ©veloppĂ©, a Ă©tĂ© instrumentĂ© Ă  l’échelle de la cuvette d’irrigation, Ă  l’aide de plusieurs tubes d’accĂšs de sonde Ă  neutrons, pour le suivi de la teneur en eau volumique du sol, et de plusieurs tensiomĂštres, rĂ©partis de 10 Ă  160 cm de profondeur. Trois expĂ©riences d’infiltration/redistribution a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es successivement, la premiĂšre sans altĂ©rer le fonctionnement du systĂšme sol-palmier, la seconde aprĂšs avoir coupĂ© le palmier, tout en permettant l’évaporation de la surface du sol, la derniĂšre aprĂšs avoir couvert la surface du sol afin d’empĂȘcher l’évaporation. Les rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence une forte hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s hydriques du sol, avec une stratification liĂ©e au contexte sĂ©dimentaire littoral. L’impact du puits racinaire sur la dynamique hydrique du sol est observĂ© jusqu’à 80 cm de profondeur. Pour la pĂ©riode fraĂźche, les besoins en eau du palmier dattier sont estimĂ©s Ă  130 L par jour, avec une frĂ©quence d’irrigation d’une fois toutes les 2 semaines. Pour la premiĂšre fois, le coefficient cultural du palmier dattier (kc = 1,39) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli dans les conditions climatiques de Djibouti. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus contribueront Ă  une meilleure gestion de l’irrigation et Ă  une meilleure maĂźtrise du risque de salinisation du sol dans le contexte pĂ©doclimatique de la RĂ©publique de Djibouti.Date palm is one of the few food crops adapted to the extreme weather conditions (drought, salinity), such as encountered in Djibouti. In the context of highly limited water resources, knowledge of the date palm water requirements is essential. The objective of this research was to determine the date palm water requirements, in the Djibouti pedoclimatic context, using in situ monitoring of water transport in the soil-plantatmosphere system, at the scale of a single date palm tree, and to quantify the date palm root water uptake. A fully developed date palm tree was instrumented at the irrigation basin scale, using several access tubes for neutron probe for monitoring the soil volumetric water content, and several tensiometers, installed from 10 to 160 cm depth. Three infiltration/redistribution experiments have been performed successively, the first without alteration of the soil-plant system, the second after cutting off a date palm tree while allowing the surface evaporation, the last with covering the soil surface to avoid evaporation. The results show large heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties, with stratification linked to the coastline sedimentary context. The root water uptake is observed up to 80 cm depth. The date palm water requirements in the fresh period are estimated at 130 liters per day with a frequency of irrigation of one time every two weeks. For the first time, the date palm cultural coefficient has been established in the Djibouti climatic conditions (kc = 1.39). The obtained results will contribute to better management of irrigation and to improve the control of soil salinization in the pedoclimatic context of the Republic of Djibouti

    A comprehensive review on research developments of vegetable-oil based cutting fluids for sustainable machining challenges

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