Identity in social context: Plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol

In trying to understand how identity can be constructed in the face of diversity, plurilingual families are a focal point of interest, since they live between different cultures and identities. In our article, we assume along with Bucholtz and Hall (2005) that identity encompasses macro-level demographic categories, local ethnographically specific cultural positions as well as temporary, interactionally specific stances and participant roles. Based on this theoretical assumption, we will describe how plurilingual families construct their identity by comparing two different regions: the officially monolingual German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg and the officially trilingual Autonomous Province of Bolzano/South Tyrol. The analysis in this article is based on semi-structured interviews with and self-recordings of plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol.Möchte man verstehen, wie Identität im Angesicht von Diversität konstruiert wird, sind mehrsprachige Familien von besonderem Interesse, leben sie doch an der Schnittstelle verschiedener Kulturen und Identitäten. Wir gehen mit Bucholtz und Hall (2005) davon aus, dass Identität demographische Kategorien auf der Makroebene genauso umfasst wie lokale, ethnographisch spezifische kulturelle Positionen und temporäre interaktionale Haltungen und Rollen. Ausgehend von dieser theoretischen Basis werden wir die Identitätskonstruktion mehrsprachiger Familien in zwei unterschiedlichen Regionen untersuchen: dem offiziell einsprachigen deutschen Bundesland Baden-Württemberg und der offiziell dreisprachigen Autonomen Provinz Bozen/Südtirol. Datengrundlage sind semi-strukturierte Interviews mit und Selbstaufnahmen von mehrsprachigen Familien in Baden-Württemberg und Südtirol

Maternal morbidity associated with violence and maltreatment from husbands and in-laws: findings from Indian slum communities.

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is linked to a broad range of negative maternal health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether IPV is directly related to poor maternal outcomes or whether IPV is a marker for other forms of chronic, mundane maltreatment of women that stem from the culture of gender inequity that also gives rise to IPV. To determine the prevalence of non-violent forms of gender-based household maltreatment by husbands and in-laws (GBHM), and violence from in-laws (ILV) and husbands (IPV) against women during the peripregnancy period (during and in the year prior to pregnancy); to assess relative associations of GBHM, ILV and IPV with maternal health.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from women <6 months postpartum (n = 1,039, ages 15-35 years) seeking child immunization in Mumbai, India. Associations of IPV, ILV and GBHM during the peripregnancy period with maternal health (prenatal care in first trimester, no weight gain, pain during intercourse, high blood pressure, vaginal bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth) were evaluated.ResultsOne in three women (34.0 %) reported IPV, 4.8 % reported ILV, and 48.5 % reported GBHM during the peripregnancy period. After adjusting for other forms of abuse, IPV related to pain during intercourse (AOR = 1.79); ILV related to not receiving first trimester antenatal care (AOR = 0.49), and GBHM remained associated with premature rupture of membranes (AOR = 2.28), pain during intercourse (AOR = 1.60), and vaginal bleeding (AOR = 1.80).ConclusionAfter adjusting for ILV and IPV, peripregnancy GBHM remained significantly associated with multiple forms of maternal morbidity, suggesting that GBHM is a prevalent and reliable indicator of maternal health risk

Identity in social context: Plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol

In trying to understand how identity can be constructed in the face of diversity, plurilingual families are a focal point of interest, since they live between different cultures and identities. In our article, we assume along with Bucholtz and Hall (2005) that identity encompasses macro-level demographic categories, local ethnographically specific cultural positions as well as temporary, interactionally specific stances and participant roles. Based on this theoretical assumption, we will describe how plurilingual families construct their identity by comparing two different regions: the officially monolingual German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg and the officially trilingual Autonomous Province of Bolzano/South Tyrol. The analysis in this article is based on semi-structured interviews with and self-recordings of plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol

Associação entre proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina e gravidade da lesão por inalação de fumaça

Objective: To evaluate serum uteroglobin-related protein 1 expression early after smoke inhalation injuries and its association with the severity of inhalation injury in burned patients. Methods: Smoke or chemical inhalation injury is associated with morbidity and mortality. The consequences of inhalation result from an inflammatory response. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 is an anti-inflammatory protein and may improve lung inflammation. We hypothesized that uteroglobin-related protein 1 levels could reflect disease severity and predict outcome in patients with inhalation injury. Sixteen patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to smoke inhalation injury were prospectively included in the study. Plasma was collected upon intensive care unit admission and within 24 hours of the inhalation injury. Bronchoscopies were carried out in all patients to assess the severity of inhalation injury within 72 hours. Uteroglobin-related protein 1 plasma levels were determined in duplicate with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean age was 23 ± 5 years, and the inhalation injury distribution was as follows: three of grade 1, four of grade 2, and nine of grade 3. The level of uteroglobin-related protein 1 was related to inhalation severity (grade 1: 0.389 ± 0.053 arbitrary units versus grade 2: 0.474 ± 0.0423 arbitrary units versus grade 3: 0.580 ± 0.094 arbitrary units; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Plasma levels of uteroglobin-related protein 1 are associated with the degree of lung inhalation injury.Objetivo: Avaliar a expressão sérica da proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina na fase inicial após lesões por inalação de fumaça e sua associação com a gravidade da lesão por inalação em pacientes queimados. Métodos: A lesão por inalação de fumaça ou produtos químicos se associa com morbidade e mortalidade. As consequências da inalação resultam de uma resposta inflamatória. A proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina é anti-inflamatória e pode melhorar a inflamação pulmonar. Nossa hipótese é que os níveis de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina podem refletir a gravidade da doença e predizer o desfecho em pacientes com lesão por inalação. Incluíram-se prospectivamente neste estudo 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo decorrente de lesão por inalação de fumaça. Em todos os pacientes, colheu-se amostra de plasma quando da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, para avaliar a gravidade da lesão por inalação dentro de 72 horas. Os níveis plasmáticos de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina foram determinados em duplicata por meio de ensaio de imunoabsorção ligado à enzima. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 23 ± 5 anos, e a distribuição da lesão por inalação foi: três em grau 1, quatro em grau 2 e nove em grau 3. O nível de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina foi relacionado ao grau de severidade (grau 1: 0,389 ± 0,053 unidade arbitrária versus grau 2: 0,474 ± 0,0423 unidade arbitrária versus grau 3: 0,580 ± 0,094 unidade arbitrária; p = 0,007). Conclusão: Os níveis plasmáticos de proteína 1 relacionada à uteroglobulina se associam com o grau da lesão pulmonar por inalação

The transcriptional repressor complex FRS7-FRS12 regulates flowering time and growth in Arabidopsis

Most living organisms developed systems to efficiently time environmental changes. The plant-clock acts in coordination with external signals to generate output responses determining seasonal growth and flowering time. Here, we show that two Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors, FAR1 RELATED SEQUENCE 7 (FRS7) and FRS12, act as negative regulators of these processes. These proteins accumulate particularly in short-day conditions and interact to form a complex. Loss-of-function of FRS7 and FRS12 results in early flowering plants with overly elongated hypocotyls mainly in short days. We demonstrate by molecular analysis that FRS7 and FRS12 affect these developmental processes in part by binding to the promoters and repressing the expression of GIGANTEA and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 as well as several of their downstream signalling targets. Our data reveal a molecular machinery that controls the photoperiodic regulation of flowering and growth and offer insight into how plants adapt to seasonal changes

Glutaredoxin GRXS17 associates with the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway

Cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (GRXs) are required in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster delivery and iron sensing in yeast and mammals. In plants, it is unclear whether they have similar functions. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a sole class II cytosolic monothiol GRX encoded by GRXS17. Here, we used tandem affinity purification to establish that Arabidopsis GRXS17 associates with most known cytosolic Fe-S assembly (CIA) components. Similar to mutant plants with defective CIA components, grxs17 loss-of-function mutants showed some degree of hypersensitivity to DNA damage and elevated expression of DNA damage marker genes. We also found that several putative Fe-S client proteins directly bind to GRXS17, such as XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE1 (XDH1), involved in the purine salvage pathway, and CYTOSOLIC THIOURIDYLASE SUBUNIT1 and CYTOSOLIC THIOURIDYLASE SUBUNIT2, both essential for the 2-thiolation step of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U) modification of tRNAs. Correspondingly, profiling of the grxs17-1 mutant pointed to a perturbed flux through the purine degradation pathway and revealed that it phenocopied mutants in the elongator subunit ELO3, essential for the mcm5 tRNA modification step, although we did not find XDH1 activity or tRNA thiolation to be markedly reduced in the grxs17-1 mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that plant cytosolic monothiol GRXs associate with the CIA complex, as in other eukaryotes, and contribute to, but are not essential for, the correct functioning of client Fe-S proteins in unchallenged conditions

An empirical investigation of Network-Oriented Behaviors in Business-to-Business Markets

This study is concerned with the extent to which network-oriented behaviors directly and/or indirectly affect firm performance. It argues that a firm's interaction behaviors in relation to an embedded network structure are key mechanisms that facilitate the development of important organizational capabilities in dealing with business partners. Such network-oriented behaviors, which are aimed at affecting the position of a company in the network, are consequently important drivers of firm performance, rather than the network structure alone. We develop a conceptual model that captures network-oriented behaviors as a driving force of firm performance in relation to three other key organizational behaviors, i.e., customer-oriented, competitor-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors. We test the hypothesized model using a dataset of 354 responses collected via an on-line questionnaire from UK managers, whose organizations operate in business-to-business markets in either the manufacturing or services sectors. This study provides four key findings. First, a firm's networkoriented behaviors positively affect the development of customer-oriented and competitor-oriented behaviors. Secondly, they also foster relationship coordination with its important business partners within the network. Thirdly, the effective management of the firm's portfolio of relationships is found to mediate the positive impact of network-oriented behaviors on firm profitability. Lastly, closeness to end-users amplifies the positive effect of network-oriented behaviors on relationship portfolio effectiveness

Delimitação e monitoramento vegetativo da bacia hidrográfica do Lajeado Chiquinha

The agriculture, livestock and industry are economic activities that require large areas where deforestation is the first negative consequence for the environment where the study and the integrated management of river basins are the only ways to be followed for the diagnosis and as the environmental recovery of these units, leading to balanced ecosystems therein. Thus, the aim of this work is the delineation of the Basin Paved Chiquinha through software Quantum GIS (QGIS), combined the use of Google Earth software images for vegetation monitoring through temporal analysis. We used a tool called historical images from Google Earth to the temporal analysis of the presence of vegetation surrounding the paved, thus following the changes during specific periods of time. The lack of vegetation along the entire length of the paved, besides being in violation of the requirements set forth in law, decreases site preservation and maintenance of biodiversity, also affecting the rates of soil infiltration and runoff.A agricultura, pecuária e indústria são atividades econômicas, que necessitam de grandes áreas, onde o desmatamento é a primeira consequência negativa para o ambiente, onde o estudo e o manejo integrado das bacias hidrográficas são os únicos caminhos a serem seguidos para o diagnóstico bem como a recuperação ambiental dessas unidades, conduzindo ao equilíbrio dos ecossistemas ali existentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é a delimitação da Bacia Hidrográfica do Lajeado Chiquinha através do software Quantum GIS (QGIS), aliado a utilização de imagens do software Google Earth para o monitoramento da vegetação através de análise temporal. Utilizou-se a ferramenta chamada imagens históricas do Google Earth para fazer a análise temporal da presença de vegetação no entorno do lajeado, acompanhando assim as mudanças ocorridas durante períodos específicos de tempo. A ausência de vegetação ao longo de toda a extensão do percurso do lajeado, além de estar em desacordo com as exigências previstas em lei, diminui a preservação do local e a manutenção da biodiversidade, afetando também as taxas de infiltração no solo e o escoamento superficial

Monitoramento e avaliação de aspectos relacionados à compostagem de lodo de abatedouro de frangos

Devido ao grande crescimento da produção de frangos e consequentemente aumento na geração de resíduos busca-se formas de alternativas para o tratamento de resíduos gerados na avicultura de corte, de modo a buscar um desenvolvimento sustentável visando à preservação ambiental e a expansão comercial. A compostagem surge como uma alternativa viável e de baixo custo para o tratamento desses resíduos proveniente de abatedouros de frango. O experimento foi instalado no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM na cidade de Frederico Westphalen – RS, onde objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência da compostagem através do monitoramento da temperatura e avaliação de parâmetros como: moscas, insetos, larvas, minhocas e odor. Com relação aos resultados obtidos verificou-se a maior temperatura registrada de 59ºC. A intensa presença de moscas em todas as leiras logo após a instalação das mesmas. Observou-se também que na fase mesófila e início da fase termófila, as moscas permaneceram por maior período no ambiente. As larvas foram verificadas somente na fase inicial de compostagem, desaparecendo após passar pela fase termófila. A compostagem está na fase criófila, com apenas a presença de minhocas e insetos

FRS7 and FRS12 recruit NINJA to regulate expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes

The sessile lifestyle of plants requires accurate physiology adjustments to be able to thrive in a changing environment. Plants integrate environmental timing signals to control developmental and stress responses. Here, we identified Far1 Related Sequence (FRS) 7 and FRS12, two transcriptional repressors that accumulate in short-day conditions, as regulators of Arabidopsis glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis. Loss of function of FRS7 and FRS12 results in plants with increased amplitudes of diurnal expression of GSL pathway genes. Protein interaction analyses revealed that FRS7 and FRS12 recruit the NOVEL INTERACTOR OF JAZ (NINJA) to assemble a transcriptional repressor complex. Genetic and molecular evidence demonstrated that FRS7, FRS12 and NINJA jointly regulate the expression of GSL biosynthetic genes, and thus constitute a molecular mechanism that modulates specialized metabolite accumulation