Разработка отклонителя для управления направлением скважин при ударно-вращательном бурении

Die Kombination einer Membran mit einer katalytischen Reaktion in einem Membranreaktor ist eines der Konzepte multifunktionaler Reaktoren zur Prozessintensivierung. Eine industriell besonders interessante Anwendung ist dabei die Darstellung von Synthesegas durch partielle Oxidation von Methan zu Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff, wobei der Sauerstoff durch eine gemischtleitende Perowskit-Membran aus Luft zudosiert wird. Es ist gelungen, entsprechende Perowskit-Membranen als Hohlfasern mit einer volumenbezogenen Membranfläche von bis zu 500 m²/m³ durch einen ökonomischen Spinnprozess zu entwickeln. Unter Laborbedingungen konnten langzeitstabil Synthesegas (CO, H₂) mit einer CO-Selektivität von 95 % bei 95 % CH₄-Umsatz erzeugt und die Ergebnisse durch eine detaillierte mathematische Modellierung beschrieben werden. Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim [accessed February 8th 2013

Emerging CO2 capture systems

In 2005, the IPCC SRCCS recognized the large potential for developing and scaling up a wide range of emerging CO2 capture technologies that promised to deliver lower energy penalties and cost. These included new energy conversion technologies such as chemical looping and novel capture systems based on the use of solid sorbents or membrane-based separation systems. In the last 10 years, a substantial body of scientific and technical literature on these topics has been produced from a large number of R&D projects worldwide, trying to demonstrate these concepts at increasing pilot scales, test and model the performance of key components at bench scale, investigate and develop improved functional materials, optimize the full process schemes with a view to a wide range of industrial applications, and to carry out more rigorous cost studies etc. This paper presents a general and critical review of the state of the art of these emerging CO2 capture technologies paying special attention to specific process routes that have undergone a substantial increase in technical readiness level toward the large scales required by any CO2 capture system

A two-time-scale model for turbulent mixing flows induced by Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities

A two-time-scale closure model for compressible flows previously developed is extended to turbulent Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov driven flows where mixing coexists with mean pressure gradients. Two model coefficients are calibrated with the help of Canuto–Goldman's model. For several Rayleigh–Taylor configurations, it is shown that the characteristic lengths scale as t2 while the kinetic energies and spectral transfers behave as t2 and t, respectively. The computed phenomenological coefficients of Youngs' scaling law are compared with experimental data ones. Comparisons with Youngs' three-dimensional numerical simulation (The Physics of Fluids A 3 (1991) 1312) are also performed. Finally three shock tube experiments, where the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability initiates the mixing, are simulated. The mixing thickness evolution is well reproduced while the turbulence levels seem to be overestimated with such first order models. The capability of the two-time-sale model to recover available data for different turbulent flows allows us to conclude to a more universal behavior in comparison with single-time-scale models

Biomimetic Block Copolymer Membranes for Reconstitution of Transmembrane Proteins

Structure and function of many transmembrane proteins are affected by their surrounding environment. In this respect, reconstitution of a membrane protein into a biomimetic polymer membrane can alter its function. To overcome this problem we synthesized new poly(1,4-isoprene-block-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PIPEO) and studied their self-assembly in aqueous media with respect to the polymer molecular weight, block ratio, polymer concentration in aqueous solution, and the added fraction of phospholipids. The results show, that the amount of isoprene blocks mainly determined the morphology of formed aggregates. Within the prepared samples, block copolymer molecular weight and concentration showed only a minor influence regarding the self-assembly. Mixtures of block copolymers and phospholipids revealed a demixing regime of the amphiphiles, depending on block copolymer molecular weight. To show feasibility of transmembrane protein reconstitution into membranes formed by PIPEO blended with 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine we used the well characterized outer membrane protein OmpF from Escherichia coli. We demonstrate functionality of this protein in biomimetic lipopolymer membranes, independent of the molecular weight of the block copolymers. In line with these experiments, integration of OmpF was also revealed by impedance spectroscopy. Our results indicate that blending of our new synthetic polymer membranes with phospholipids allows reconstitution of transmembrane proteins under preservation of protein function, independent of the membrane thickness

Nanocomposite zeolite-alumina hollow-fibre membrane: generalization of a method.

internationalInternational audienc