305 research outputs found
Brain-Based Learning and Whole Brain Teaching Methods
Whole Brain Teaching is a teaching strategy that combines cooperative learning and direct instruction. It is a strategy that has been implemented within many K-12 classrooms throughout the nation. In this article, the researcher defines Whole Brain Teaching, describes its impact on student learning, and highlights conflicts and myths. The researcher also presents ideas on future research. The purpose of this literature review was to find information regarding implementation of Whole Brain Teaching in an inclusive early childhood classroom
Re-evaluating the Relevance of Vegetation Trimlines in the Canadian Arctic as an Indicator of Little Ice Age Paleoenvironments
The origin of trimlines associated with the so-called âlichen-freeâ areas in the Canadian Arctic has been attributed both to perennial snowfield expansion during the Little Ice Age (LIA) and to seasonally persistent snow cover in more recent times. Because of the disparate hypotheses (ecological versus paleoclimatic) regarding the formation of these trimlines, their use as a paleoclimatic indicator has been abandoned for more than two decades. We re-examine this debate and the validity of the opposing hypotheses in the light of new regional mapping of trimlines across the Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI). The ecological hypothesisâinsufficient duration of the growing season resulting from seasonally persistent snow coverâfails to account for the poikilohydric nature of lichens and their ability to endure short growing seasons. It cannot adequately explain the existence of sharp trimlines or account for the occurrence of those trimlines on sparsely vegetated carbonate terrain. Furthermore, trimlines outlining the former extent of thin plateau ice caps are accordant with trimlines associated with former perennial snowfields, indicating that these trimlines record snow and ice expansion during the LIA rather than the seasonal persistence of more recent snow cover. We suggest that these features represent an important LIA climate indicator and should therefore be used for paleoclimatic reconstruction.Lâorigine des Ă©paulements propres aux zones dites sans lichen de lâArctique canadien a Ă©tĂ© attribuĂ©e tant Ă lâexpansion des champs de neige pĂ©renne pendant le petit Ăąge glaciaire quâĂ la couverture de neige longĂ©vive dâĂ©poques plus rĂ©centes. Puisquâil existe des hypothĂšses disparates (Ă©cologiques par opposition Ă palĂ©oclimatiques) quant Ă la formation de ces Ă©paulements, on a arrĂȘtĂ© de sâen servir Ă titre dâindicateur palĂ©oclimatique depuis plus dâune vingtaine dâannĂ©es. Ici, ce dĂ©bat fait lâobjet dâun nouvel examen oĂč lâon se penche sur la validitĂ© des hypothĂšses divergentes Ă la lumiĂšre du nouveau mappage rĂ©gional des Ă©paulements des Ăźles de la Reine-Ălisabeth. LâhypothĂšse dâordre Ă©cologique âdurĂ©e insuffisante de la saison de croissance dĂ©coulant de la couverture de neige longĂ©vive en saison âomet de tenir compte de la nature poecilitique du lichen et de son aptitude Ă endurer de courtes saisons de croissance. Cette hypothĂšse ne permet pas dâexpliquer adĂ©quatement lâexistence dâĂ©paulements prĂ©cis ou de tenir compte de la prĂ©sence de ces Ă©paulements en terrain carbonatĂ© Ă vĂ©gĂ©tation Ă©parse. Par ailleurs, les Ă©paulements qui dĂ©limitent lâancienne Ă©tendue des minces calottes glaciaires des plateaux correspondent aux Ă©paulements associĂ©s aux anciens champs de neige pĂ©renne, ce qui indique que ces Ă©paulements dĂ©notent les expansions de neige et de glace du petit Ăąge glaciaire et non pas de la couverture de neige longĂ©vive saisonniĂšre plus rĂ©cente. On suggĂšre que ces caractĂ©ristiques reprĂ©sentent un important indicateur climatique du petit Ăąge glaciaire et par consĂ©quent, quâon devrait sâen servir Ă des fins de reconstruction palĂ©oclimatique
Computer-Assisted Visualization of Central Lung Tumours Based on 3-Dimensional Reconstruction
Development of ceftazidime resistance in an acute Burkholderia pseudomallei infection.
Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium that causes the disease melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. First-line antibiotic therapy for treating melioidosis is usually the synthetic ÎČ-lactam, ceftazidime (CAZ), as almost all B. pseudomallei strains are susceptible to this drug. However, acquired CAZ resistance can develop in vivo during treatment with CAZ, which can lead to mortality if therapy is not switched to a different drug in a timely manner. Serial B. pseudomallei isolates obtained from an acute Thai melioidosis patient infected by a CAZ susceptible strain, who ultimately succumbed to infection despite being on CAZ therapy for the duration of their infection, were analyzed. Isolates that developed CAZ resistance due to a proline to serine change at position 167 in the ÎČ-lactamase PenA were identified. Importantly, these CAZ resistant isolates remained sensitive to the alternative melioidosis treatments; namely, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, and meropenem. Lastly, real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assays capable of rapidly identifying CAZ resistance in B. pseudomallei isolates at the position 167 mutation site were developed. The ability to rapidly identify the emergence of CAZ resistant B. pseudomallei populations in melioidosis patients will allow timely alterations in treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes for this serious disease
Erratum: Human scFv SIgA expressed on Lactococcus lactis as a vector for the treatment of mucosal disease
Molecular Epidemiology of Anthrax Cases Associated with Recreational Use of Animal Hides and Yarn in the United States
To determine potential links between the clinical isolate to animal products and their geographic origin, we genotyped (MLVA-8, MVLA-15, and canSNP analysis) 80 environmental and 12 clinical isolates and 2 clinical specimens from five cases of anthrax (California in 1976 [nâ=â1], New York in 2006 [nâ=â1], Connecticut in 2007 [nâ=â2], and New Hampshire in 2009[nâ=â1]) resulting from recreational handling of animal products. For the California case, four clinical isolates were identified as MLVA-8 genotype (GT) 76 and in the canSNP A.Br.Vollum lineage, which is consistent with the Pakistani origin of the yarn. Twenty eight of the California isolates were in the A.Br.Vollum canSNP lineage and one isolate was in the A.Br. 003/004 canSNP sub-group. All 52 isolates and both clinical specimens related to the New York and Connecticut cases were MLVA-8 GT 1. The animal products associated with the NY and CT cases were believed to originate from West Africa, but no isolates from this region are available to be genotyped for comparison. All isolates associated with the New Hampshire case were identical and had a new genotype (GT 149). Isolates from the NY, CT and NH cases diverge from the established canSNP phylogeny near the base of the A.Br.011/009. This report illustrates the power of the current genotyping methods and the dramatically different epidemiological conditions that can lead to infections (i.e., contamination by a single genotype versus widespread contamination of numerous genotypes). These cases illustrate the need to acquire and genotype global isolates so that accurate assignments can be made about isolate origins
Deglacierization of a marginal basin and implications for outburst floods
This article was submitted to Cryospheric Sciences, a section of the journal Frontiers in Earth ScienceSuicide Basin is a partly glacierized marginal basin of Mendenhall Glacier, Alaska, that has released glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) annually since 2011. The floods cause inundation and erosion in the Mendenhall Valley, impacting homes and other infrastructure. Here, we utilize in-situ and remote sensing data to assess the recent evolution and current state of Suicide Basin. We focus on the 2018 and 2019 melt seasons, during which we collected most of our data, partly using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To provide longer-term context, we analyze DEMs collected since 2006 and model glacier surface mass balance over the 2006â2019 period. During the 2018
and 2019 outburst flood events, Suicide Basin released ⌠30 Ă
~ 106 m3 of water within approximately 4â5 days. Since lake drainage was partial in both years, these ⌠30 Ă
~ 106 m3 represent only a fraction (⌠60%) of the basinâs total storage capacity. In contrast
to previous years, subglacial drainage was preceded by supraglacial outflow over the ice dam, which lasted ⌠1 day in 2018 and 6 days in 2019. Two large calving events occurred in 2018 and 2019, with submerged ice breaking off the main glacier during lake filling, thereby increasing the basinâs storage capacity. In 2018, the floating ice in the basin was 36 m thick on average. In 2019, ice thickness was 29 m, suggesting rapid decay of the ice tongue despite increasing ice inflow from Mendenhall Glacier. The ice dam at the basin entrance thinned by more than 5 m aâ1 from 2018 to 2019, which is approximately double the rate of the reference period 2006â2018. While ice-dam thinning reduces water storage capacity in the basin, that capacity is increased by declining ice volume in the basin and longitudinal lake expansion, with the latter process challenging to predict. The potential for premature drainage onset (i.e., drainage before the lakeâs storage capacity is reached), intermittent drainage decelerations, and early drainage termination further complicates prediction of future GLOF events.This work was funded by the Alaska Climate Adaptation Science Center (AK CASC). UAVs and other surveying equipment were
partly funded through the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) award EAR-1921598. EH and SH were partially supported
by the NSF award OIA-1753748 and the State of Alaska. Streamflow monitoring of the Mendenhall River and real-time imagery of Suicide Basin were funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Ye
The state of the Martian climate
60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981â2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes
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