Metodología del estudio Guadix sobre los efectos de un desayuno de tipo mediterráneo sobre los parámetros lipídicos y postprandiales en preadolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad

El exceso de peso corporal de la población ha llevado a la Organización Mundial de la Salud a calificarlo como epidemia global. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en España se sitúa entre las más elevadas del continente europeo, y es aún superior en Andalucía. Las consecuencias para la salud de los niños no son tan evidentes como en los adultos, pero la obesidad infantil se está asociando con patologías que se creían eran sólo padecidas por los adultos, tales como el síndrome metabólico. La resistencia a la insulina es el factor de riesgo más importante en sujetos con obesidad severa, que junto con la obesidad visceral, exacerban la trigliceridemia postprandial, lo que incrementa el riesgo cardiovascular. Sin embargo y a nuestro entender, este fenómeno no ha sido debidamente estudiado por el momento en la población infantil. Las propiedades cardiosaludables del aceite de oliva, el ingrediente principal de la Dieta Mediterránea, han sido sobradamente puestas de manifiesto, que incluyen un mejor patrón lipídico postprandial. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos de un desayuno de tipo mediterráneo sobre parámetros lipídicos postprandiales en preadolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio cuasi experimental prospectivo multicéntrico, que compara los beneficios de una intervención dietética en una sola comida de tipo mediterráneo en el metabolismo lipídico postprandial en sujetos en edades preadolescentes (10-14 años) afectados por obesidad o sobrepeso (grupo estudio), con respecto a los sujetos normopeso (grupo control). Los resultados permiten ampliar el conocimiento sobre la fisiopatología de la obesidad de los niños y contribuir a las recomendaciones dietéticas para el mantenimiento de la población infantil. Más aún, aportan información sobre el desarrollo de aterogénesis durante el periodo postprandial, que puede comenzar a edades tan tempranas.The excess weight that characterizes much of the population of the world today has led the World Health Organization to declare a obesity pandemic. The number of overweight and obese children in Spain is among the highest in Europe, and this number is even higher in Andalusia. The health consequences of excess weight for children are not as evident as for adults. However, child obesity is now being associated with pathologies, such as the metabolic syndrome, which were previously believed to be only found in adults. Resistance to insulin is an important risk factor in subjects with severe obesity, which along with visceral obesity, make postprandial triglyceridemia more severe. This increases cardiovascular risk. However, in our opinion, this phenomenon has not been adequately studied in children. The hearthealthy properties of olive oil, the main ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, have been clearly highlighted in various studies. These properties include an improved postprandial lipid pattern. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Mediterranean-diet breakfast on the postprandial lipid parameters in a study group of overweight and obese preadolescents (age 10-14) in comparison to a control group of subjects with no weight problems. The results obtained provide greater knowledge of the physiopathology of child obesity and contribute to the elaboration of dietary recommendations for the maintenance of child health. Additionally, our results give information regarding the development of atherogenesis during the postprandial period, which can begin at a very early age

Ceruloplasmin and its clinical relevance as an indactor of cardiovascular risk factor in a school population of Granada

La ceruloplasmina también conocida como ferroxidasa, pertenece a la familia de las proteínas sensibles a la inflamación, siendo su función principal la de transportar el cobre en la sangre. Si bien, además de esta función transportadora, en la actualidad, son numerosos los estudios que han intentado hacer uso de la determinación de sus concentraciones séricas, como un indicador predictivo del riesgo de padecer trastornos cardiovasculares en pacientes que presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman la existencia de una correlación significativa entre los niveles séricos de ceruloplasmina y el estado nutricional de los sujetos, lo que significa que para la población de escolares valorada, las concentraciones séricas de esta proteína suponen un importante factor para predecir el riesgo de padecer trastornos cardiovasculares.Also known as ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, belongs to the family of inflammation-sensitive proteins, and its main function to transport copper in the blood. Although, in addition to this transport function, at present, there are numerous studies that have attempted to use the determination of serum concentrations as a predictive indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients who are overweight or obese. The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and nutritional status of the subjects, which means that for the population of students assessed, serum levels of this protein are an important predictor the risk of cardiovascular disease

Cognitive impairment induced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol occurs through heteromers between cannabinoid CB1 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound of marijuana, induces numerous undesirable effects, including memory impairments, anxiety, and dependence. Conversely, THC also has potentially therapeutic effects, including analgesia, muscle relaxation, and neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms that dissociate these responses are still not known. Using mice lacking the serotonin receptor 5-HT2A, we revealed that the analgesic and amnesic effects of THC are independent of each other: while amnesia induced by THC disappears in the mutant mice, THC can still promote analgesia in these animals. In subsequent molecular studies, we showed that in specific brain regions involved in memory formation, the receptors for THC and the 5-HT2A receptors work together by physically interacting with each other. Experimentally interfering with this interaction prevented the memory deficits induced by THC, but not its analgesic properties. Our results highlight a novel mechanism by which the beneficial analgesic properties of THC can be dissociated from its cognitive side effects

Peripheral and placental immune responses in sheep after experimental infection with "Toxoplasma gondii" at the three terms of gestation

P. 1-9Although it is known that gestation could infuence the clinical course of ovine toxoplasmosis, the precise efect of the term of gestation when sheep are infected are yet mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral and placental immune responses developed in pregnant sheep after experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondiiat diferent times of gestation. Thirty‑six pregnant sheep were allocated in diferent groups, orally inocu‑lated with sporulated oocysts of T. gondiiat early, mid and late gestation and culled within 30 days post‑infection. The peripheral humoral and cytokine responses were evaluated, as well as the transcription of cytokines at the placenta. Serological analysis revealed that, regardless the term of gestation when infected, specifc IgG against T. gondiiwere detected from day 8 post‑infection and there was an early peripheral release of IFN‑γ at the frst week post‑infection followed by a short peak of IL10 and TNF‑α at the second week post‑infection. There were no signifcant diferences in this response between infected groups. At the placenta, a similar increase in transcription of IFN‑γ, and TNF‑α was found at the three terms of gestation, while IL‑4 increased mainly at the frst and second terms and IL‑10 transcription was higher at the last term. While these fndings show that both Th1 and Th2 cytokines play a key role in the patho‑genesis of ovine toxoplasmosis and that placental and peripheral immune responses do not closely correlate, there seems to be no clear modulation of these responses along the gestation.S

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Ozonation of hospital raw wastewaters for cytostatic compounds removal. Kinetic modelling and economic assessment of the process

[EN] The kinetics of the ozone consumption for the pretreatment of hospital wastewater has been analysed in order to determine the reaction rate coefficients between the ozone and the readily oxidisabled organic matter and cytostatic compounds. The wastewater from a medium size hospital was treated with ozone and peroxone methodologies, varying the ozone concentration, the reaction time and the hydrogen peroxide doses. The analysis shows that there are four cytostatic compounds, i.e. irinotecan, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and capecitabine, detected in the wastewaters and they are completely removed with reasonably short times after the ozone treatment. Considering the reactor geometry, the gas hydrodynamics, the mass transfer of ozone from gas to liquid and the reaction of all oxidisable compounds of the wastewater it is possible to determine the chemical ozone demand, COzD, of the sample as 256 mg O-3 L-1 and the kinetic rate coefficient with the dissolved organic matter as 8.4 M (1) s(-1). The kinetic rate coefficient between the ozone and the cyclophosphamide is in the order of 34.7M(-1) s(-1) and higher for the other cytostatics. The direct economic cost of the treatment was evaluated considering this reaction kinetics and it is below 0.3 (sic)/m(3) under given circumstances. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.J. Ferre-Aracil acknowledges the support of the doctoral fellowship from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-PAID-FPI-2010-04). Y. Valcarcel acknowledges the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness, through the Carlos III Health Institute with the program "Projects on Health Research 2011-2012 FIS (PI11/00180)". N. Negreira, M. Lopez de Alda and D. Barcelo acknowledge the financial support by the EU through the EU FP7 projects CytoThreat (265264) and SOLUTIONS (603437), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project SCARCE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups "2014 SGR 418 - Water and Soil Quality Unit" and 2014 SGR 291 - ICRA). Merck is acknowledged for the gift of LC columns.Ferre Aracil, J.; Valcárcel, Y.; Negreira, N.; López De Alda, M.; Barceló, D.; Cardona, SC.; Navarro-Laboulais, J. (2016). Ozonation of hospital raw wastewaters for cytostatic compounds removal. Kinetic modelling and economic assessment of the process. Science of the Total Environment. 556:70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.202S707955

Study of the serum levels of leptin, ceruloplasmin and lipoprotein (a) as indicators of cardiovascular risk in a population of adolescents in granada (Spain)

Han sido numerosos los estudios orientados a establecer una relación entre los valores séricos de biomoléculas como la leptina, ceruloplasmina, lipoproteína (a) y el estado nutricional y niveles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en sujetos con problemas de sobrepeso u obesidad, no siendo concluyentes en muchos casos los datos alcanzados. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio confirman la existencia de una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles séricos de dichas biomoléculas el estado nutricional de los sujetos y los niveles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica. Resultado de ello y para la población de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad estudiada, la valoración de las concentraciones séricas de estas biomoléculas resultó ser un importante instrumento para identificar aquellos sujetos con un riesgo elevado de padecer trastornos cardiovasculares, fundamentalmente derivados de un estatus hipertensivo.Numerous studies have focused on establishing a relation between the serum values of biomolecules such as leptin, ceruloplasmin, and lipoprotein (a), and the nutritional state and levels of diastolic and systolic blood pressure in subjects with problems of overweight or obesity. However, in many cases, the results obtained have not been conclusive. The results of our study confirm the existence of a statistically significant association between the serum levels of these biomolecules, the nutritional state of the subjects, and levels of diastolic and systolic blood pressure. For the population of overweight and obese adolescents studied, the evaluation of the serum concentrations of these biomolecules was found to be an important instrument that could be used to identify those subjects with an elevated risk of suffering cardiovascular disorders basically derived from a hypertensive status

A new method for extracting skin microbes allows metagenomic analysis of whole-deep skin

In the last decade, an extensive effort has been made to characterize the human microbiota, due to its clinical and economic interests. However, a metagenomic approach to the skin microbiota is hampered by the high proportion of host DNA that is recovered. In contrast with the burgeoning field of gut metagenomics, skin metagenomics has been hindered by the absence of an efficient method to avoid sequencing the host DNA. We present here a method for recovering microbial DNA from skin samples, based on a combination of molecular techniques. We have applied this method to mouse skin, and have validated it by standard, quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA. The taxonomic diversity recovered was not altered by this new method, as proved by comparing the phylogenetic structure revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing in untreated vs. treated samples. As proof of concept, we also present the first two mouse skin metagenomes, which allowed discovering new taxa (not only prokaryotes but also viruses and eukaryots) not reachable by 16S rRNA sequencing, as well as to characterize the skin microbiome functional landscape. Our method paves the way for the development of skin metagenomics, which will allow a much deeper knowledge of the skin microbiome and its relationship with the host, both in a healthy state and in relation to disease