A elección de carreira: intereses vocacionais, aspiracións e expectativas de éxito en estudantes de ciclo formativo superior e universidade

Traballo Fin de Grao en Psicoloxía. Curso 2015-2016[GL] O núcleo principal da teoría social cognitiva do desenvolvemento da carreira (Lent, Brown, e Hackett, 1994) establece que as expectativas de autoeficacia na toma de decisións, as expectativas de resultado e os intereses vocacionais, conforman de forma directa e indirecta as aspiracións de carreira e as accións que vai realizar unha persoa para cumplir eses obxectivos. O presente estudo pretende, mediante diferentes análises estadísticas, investigar, nunha mostra de 618 suxeitos estudantes de universidade e formación profesional superior, se variables persoais como a personalidade proactiva, as avaliacións autorreferentes, o sexo e a clase socioeconómica, a autoeficacia na toma de decisións, os intereses vocacionais e as expectativas de éxito son predictoras das aspiracións de carreira dos suxeitos. Ademáis, plantexáronse sete hipóteses acerca das relacións existentes entre os factores plantexados anteriormente e os efectos que sobre elas teñen as variables académicas (itinerario e rama de coñecemento) e sociodemográficas (sexo e clase socioeconómica). Os resultados do estudo amosan que a maioría das hipóteses poden ser aceptadas parcialmente, e que algunhas das variables incluidas no estudo poden ser predictoras das aspiracións de carreira.[EN] Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) states that career decisionmaking self-efficacy, outcome expectations and vocational interests affect both directly and indirectly career aspirations and actions taken in order to achieve these goals. This study aims to investigate, using different statistical analysis, in a sample of 618 subjects of college students and vocational training, if personal variables such as proactive personality, core-self assessments, gender and socioeconomic class, career decision-making self-efficacy, vocational interests and success expectations are predictive of the career aspirations. Furthermore, seven hypothesis were stated about the relationship between the aforementioned factors and their effects on the academic and sociodemographic variables (gender and socioeconomic class). Results showed that most of the hypothesis may be partially accepted, and that some of the variables included can be predictors of career aspirations

Pyrethroids levels in paddy field water under Mediterranean conditions: measurements and distribution modelling

[EN] The cultivation of rice (Oriza sativa L.) under Mediterranean conditions regularly requires the use of treated wastewater due to shortage of freshwater. As a consequence, the intensification of rice production to supply the uprising demand of grain could break the stability between agriculture and environment. In this work, we studied the occurrence and distribution of pyrethroids in surface water and groundwater collected during two periods (flooding and dry soil conditions) in paddy fields located in the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Pyrethroids were detected at concentrations ranging from 14 to 1450 ng L-1 in surface water and from 6 to 833 ng L-1 in groundwater. The results obtained were valuated statistically using principal component analysis, and differences between both sampling campaigns were found, with lower concentrations of the target compounds during the flooding sampling event. Moreover, a geographic information system program was used to represent a model distribution of the obtained results, showing wastewater treatment plants as the main sources of contamination and the decrease of pyrethroids during flooding condition when water flows over the paddy fields. The impact of these compounds on water quality was discussed.Authors wish to thank INIA for the predoctoral fellowship (R. Aznar) and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness RTA2014-00012-C03-01 for financial support.Aznar, R.; Sánchez Brunete, C.; Albero, B.; Moreno-Ramón, H.; Tadeo, JL. (2017). Pyrethroids levels in paddy field water under Mediterranean conditions: measurements and distribution modelling. Paddy and Water Environment. 15(2):307-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0550-2S307316152Albalawneh A, Chang TK, Chou CS (2015) Impacts on soil quality from long-term irrigation with treated greywater. Paddy Water Environ. doi: 10.1007/s10333-015-0499-6Aznar R, Moreno-Ramón H, Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, Tadeo JL (2016a) Spatio-temporal distribution of pyrethroids in soil in mediterranean paddy fields. J Soils Sediments. doi: 10.1007/s11368-016-1417-2Aznar R, Albero B, Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Moreno-Ramón H, Tadeo JL (2016b) Simultaneous determination of multiclass emerging contaminants in aquatic plants by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and GC–MS. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6327-8Campo J, Masia A, Blasco C, Pico Y (2013) Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins. J Hazard Mater 263:146–157Corcellas C, Eljarrat E, Barceló D (2015) First report of pyrethroid bioaccumulation in wild river fish: a case study in Iberian river basins (Spain). Environ Int 75:110–116Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=URISERV:l28139&from=ES Accessed 14 Dec 2015Duran JJ, García de Domingo A, López-Geta JA, Robledo PA, Soria JM (2005) Los Humedales del Mediterráneo español: modelos geológicos e hidrogeológicos. Instituto Geológico y Minero Español, Madrid España. 160European Commission (2005) Review report for the active substance Esfenvalerate, 6846/VI/97-finalFarnham IM, Singh AK, Stetzenbach KJ, Johannesson KH (2002) Treatment of nondetects in multivariate analysis of groundwater geochemistry data. Chemometr Intell Lab 60:265–281Feo ML, Ginebreda A, Eljarrat E, Barcelo D (2010a) Presence of pyrethroid pesticides in water and sediments of Ebro River Delta. J Hazard Mater 393:156–162Feo ML, Eljarrat E, Barcelo D (2010b) A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of 14 pyrethroids in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1217:2248–2253Gimenez-Forcada E (2014) Space/time development of seawater intrusion: a study case in Vinaroz coastal plain (Eastern Spain) using HFE-Diagram, and spatial distribution of hydrochemical facies. J Hydrol 517:617–627Hendley P, Holmes C, Kay S, Maund SJ, Travis KZ, Zhang MH (2001) Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: iII. A spatial analysis of the Mississippi, USA, cotton landscape. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:669–678Hildebrandt A, Lacorte S, Barcelo D (2007) Assessment of priority pesticides, degradation products, and pesticide adjuvants in groundwaters and top soils from agricultural areas of the Ebro river basin. Anal Bioanal Chem 387:1459–1468Hildebrandt A, Guillamon M, Lacorte S, Tauler R, Barcelo D (2008) Impact of pesticides used in agriculture and vineyards to surface and groundwater quality (North Spain). Water Res 42:3315–3326Hladik ML, Kuivila KM (2009) Assessing the occurrence and distribution of pyrethroids in water and suspended sediments. J Agric Food Chem 57:9079–9085Kuivila KM, Hladik ML, Ingersoll CG, Kemble NE, Moran PW, Calhoun DL, Nowell LH, Gilliom RJ (2012) Occurrence and potential sources of pyrethroid insecticides in stream sediments from seven U.S. metropolitan areas. Environ Sci Technol 46:4297–4303McManus SL, Richards KG, Grant J, Mannix A, Coxon CE (2014) Pesticide occurrence in groundwater and the physical characteristics in association with these detections in Ireland. Environ Monit Assess 186:7819–7836Money E, Carter GP, Serre ML (2009) Using river distances in the space/time estimation of dissolved oxygen along two impaired river networks in New Jersey. Water Res 43:1948–1958Monica N, Choi K (2016) Temporal and spatial analysis of water quality in Saemangeum watershed using multivariate statistical techniques. Paddy Water Environ 14:3–17Moreno-Ramón H, Marqués-Mateu A, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Gisbert JM (2015) Wetland soils under rice management and seawater intrusion: characterization and classification. Spa J Soil Sci 5(2):111–129Moschet C, Vermeirssen ELM, Seiz R, Pfefferli H, Hollender J (2014) Picogram per liter detections of pyrethroids and organophosphates in surface waters using passive sampling. Water Res 66:411–422Pistocchi A, Vizcaino P, Hauck M (2009) A GIS model-based screening of potential contamination of soil and water by pyrethroids in Europe. J Environ Manag 90:3410–3421Rodríguez-Liébana JA, ElGouzi S, Mingorance MD, Castillo A, Peña A (2014) Irrigation of a Mediterranean soil under fields’ conditions with urban wastewater: effect on pesticides behavior. Agric Ecosyst Environ 185:176–185SANCO-12571 (2013) Guidance document on analytical quality control and validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed. European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/guidance_documents/docs/qualcontrol_en.pdf . Accessed 4 April 2016Smiley PC Jr, King KW, Fausey NR (2014) Annual and seasonal differences in pesticides mixtures within channelized agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio. Agric Ecosyst Environ 193:83–95Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/class/taxonomy/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 . Accessed 4 April 2016Solomon KR, Giddings JM, Maund SJ (2001) Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: i. Distributional analyses of laboratory aquatic toxicity data. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:652–659Sprecher SW (2008) Installing Monitoring wells in soils. Version 1.0. USDA—NRCS (United States Department of Agriculture)-(Natural Resources Conservation Service). Lincoln. USA. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052914.pdf . Accessed 4 April 2016Swift MJ, Izac AMN, van Noordwijk M (2015) Biodiversity and ecosystem services in agriculture landscapes-are we asking the right questions? Agric Ecosyst Environ 104:113–134Weston DP, Holmes RW, You J, Lydy MJ (2005) Aquatic toxicity due to residential use of pyrethroid insecticides. Environ Sci Technol 39:9778–9784Weston DP, Holmes RW, Lydy MJ (2009) Residential runoff as a source of pyrethroid pesticides to urban creeks. Environ Pollut 157:287–294Weston DP, Ramil HL, Lydy MJ (2013) Pyrethroid insecticides in municipal wastewater. Environ Toxicol Chem 32:2460–246

TREATMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN THE EXISTENCE OF FREE BERTHS WITH RISK ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. ESTABLISHMENT OF POLICIES IN PORT OF CADIZ (SPAIN)

[EN] his research discusses the challenges involved in the treatment of uncertainties in the existence of free berths during the arrival of cruise ships at seaports. Pursuing this goal, a three-step methodology is adopted: 1) Identifying risk sources and critical risk variables and how they are related; 2) Fitting the Probability Distribution Functions that best represent the behaviour of each critical risk variable; and 3) Simulating the probability of a ship having to wait because there are no free berths using a technique that combines statistical concepts (random sampling) with the ability of computers to generate pseudo-random numbers and automate estimations of the values of the set of critical risk variables. The innovative use of risk analysis techniques in this field allows the establishment of policies to improve the planning and management of port infrastructure, for example, deciding when it is necessary to work to increase the number of berths. As a case of study, we applied this methodology to study whether the enlargement of the wharf in the port of Cadiz (Spain) is necessary right now considering the number of cruise ships that have arrived at the port in the past three years, their date and hour of arrival, their length and draught, the duration of their stay in port and their waiting time before being able to enter the port. This action would require moving logistics activities to a new terminal, but would bring to the city the opportunity to rethink the seafront, introducing new cruiser links with the city centre and developing a better seaport-city integration.Awad Núñez, S.; Camarero Orive, A.; Romero Sánchez-Brunete, M.; Camarero Orive, A.; González Cancelas, N. (2016). TREATMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES IN THE EXISTENCE OF FREE BERTHS WITH RISK ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. ESTABLISHMENT OF POLICIES IN PORT OF CADIZ (SPAIN). En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1418-1429. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3721OCS1418142

Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings

We have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cell-clean-up (1 g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100 °C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100 mL), stir bar sorptive extraction–liquid desorption (SBSE–LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10 h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L−1 for TCS and 1 ng L−1 for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g−1 for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g−1 in sediments and 310 ng L−1 in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower

Massive coastal tourism influx to the Mediterranean Sea: The environmental risk of sunscreens

The Mediterranean region is, by far, the leading tourism destination in the world, receiving more than 330 million tourists in 2016. This tourism is undertaken mostly for seaside holidays, and during the summer season concentrates between 46% and 69% of the total international arrivals; this is equivalent to a density of 2.9 tourists per meter of Mediterranean coast, or double this number taking into account the local/permanent population in addition. Previous studies have reported not only the presence of sunscreen in the various environmental compartments (water, sediments and biota) of the Mediterranean Sea (MS) and other regions, but also show that sunscreen products are toxic for marine biota and are accumulated and biomagnificated. Here, we highlight that the environmental risk of these chemicals is likely to be exacerbated in the MS due to the massive influx of tourists and its densely populated coasts, the basin's limited exchanges with the ocean, the high residence time of surface waters, and its oligotrophic waters.A. Rodríguez-Romero is supported by the Spanish grant Juan de la Cierva Formación 2015 (JCI-2015-26873) and thanks to the University of Cantabria “Proyecto Puente 2017”under SODERCAN and ERDF Operational Programme

Spatio-temporal distribution of pyrethroids in soil in Mediterranean paddy fields

[EN] The demand of rice by the increase in population in many countries has intensified the application of pesticides and the use of poor quality water to irrigate fields. The terrestrial environment is one compartment affected by these situations, where soil is working as a reservoir, retaining organic pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to determine insecticides in soil and monitor susceptible areas to be contaminated, applying adequate techniques to remediate them. Materials and methods This study investigates the occurrence of ten pyrethroid insecticides (PYs) and its spatio-temporal variance in soil at two different depths collected in two periods (before plow and during rice production), in a paddy field area located in the Mediterranean coast. Pyrethroids were quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) after ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethyl acetate. The results obtained were assessed statistically using non-parametric methods, and significant statistical differences (p&#8201;<&#8201;0.05) in pyrethroids content with soil depth and proximity to wastewater treatment plants were evaluated. Moreover, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to monitor the occurrence of PYs in paddy fields and detect risk areas. Results and discussion Pyrethroids were detected at concentrations &#8804;57.0 ng g&#8722;1 before plow and &#8804;62.3 ng g&#8722;1 during rice production, being resmethrin and cyfluthrin the compounds found at higher concentrations in soil. Pyrethroids were detected mainly at the top soil, and a GIS program was used to depict the obtained results, showing that effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were the main sources of soil contamination. No toxic effects were expected to soil organisms, but it is of concern that PYs may affect aquatic organisms, which represents the worst case scenario. Conclusions A methodology to determine pyrethroids in soil was developed to monitor a paddy field area. The use of water from WWTPs to irrigate rice fields is one of the main pollution sources of pyrethroids. It is a matter of concern that PYs may present toxic effects on aquatic organisms, as they can be desorbed from soil. Phytoremediation may play an important role in this area, reducing the possible risk associated to PYs levels in soil.Authors wish to thank INIA for the predoctoral fellowship (R. Aznar) and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness RTA2014-00012-C03-01 for financial support and Jonathan Villanueva Martin for his contribution to this work.Aznar, R.; Moreno-Ramón, H.; Albero, B.; Sánchez Brunete, C.; Tadeo, JL. (2016). Spatio-temporal distribution of pyrethroids in soil in Mediterranean paddy fields. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 17(5):1503-1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1417-2S15031513175Albaseer SS, Rao RN, Swamy YV, Mukkanti K (2010) An overview of sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from water, sediment and soil. J Chromatogr A 1217(35):5537–5554Alonso MB, Feo ML, Corcellas C, Vidal LG, Bertozzi CP, Marigo J, Secchi ER, Bassoi M, Azevedo AF, Dorneles PR, Torres JPM, Lailson-Brito J, Malm O, Eljarrat E, Barcelo D (2012) Pyrethroids: a new threat to marine mammals? Environ Int 47:99–106Amweg EL, Weston DP, Ureda NM (2005) Use and toxicity of pyrethroid pesticides in the Central Valley, California, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 24(4):966–972Arias-Estevez M, Lopez-Periago E, Martinez-Carballo E, Simal-Gandara J, Mejuto JC, Garcia-Rio L (2008) The mobility and degradation of pesticides in soils and the pollution of groundwater resources. Agric Eco Environ 123(4):247–260Aznar R, Albero B, Sanchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Tadeo JL (2014) Multiresidue analysis of insecticides and other selected environmental contaminants in poultry manure by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 97(4):978–986Campo J, Masia A, Blasco C, Pico Y (2013) Occurrence and removal efficiency of pesticides in sewage treatment plants of four Mediterranean River Basins. J Hazard Mater 263:146–157European Commission (2002) Review report for the active substance Cyfluthrin, 6843/VI/97-finalEuropean Commission (2004) Review report for the active substance α-Cypermethrin, SANCO/4335/2000-finalEuropean Commission (2005) Review report for the active substance Esfenvalerate, 6846/VI/97-finalFeo ML, Ginebreda A, Eljarrat E, Barcelo D (2010) Presence of pyrethroid pesticides in water and sediments of Ebro River Delta. J Hydrol 393(3-4):156–162Fojut TL, Palumbo AJ, Tjeerdema RS (2012) Aquatic life water quality criteria derived via the UC Davis method: II. Pyrethroid insecticides. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 216:51–103Gan J, Lee SJ, Liu WP, Haver DL, KAbashima JN (2005) Distribution and persistence of pyrethroids in runoff sediments. J Environ Qual 34:836–841Hill IR (1985) Aquatic organisms and pyrethroids. Pestic Sci 27:429–465Huang LM, Thompson A, Zhang GL, Chen LM, Han GZ, Gong ZT (2015) The use of chronosequences in studies of paddy soil evolution: a review. Geoderma 237:199–210Katagi T (2004) Photodegradation of pesticides on plant and soil surfaces. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 182:1–189Laskowski DA (2002) Physical and chemical properties of pyrethroids. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 174:49–170Mahabali S, Spagnoghe P (2014) Mitigation of two insecticides by wetlands plants: feasibility study for the treatment of agricultural runoff in Suriname (South America). Water Air Soil Pollut 225:1771Maund SJ, Hamer MJ, Lane MCG, Farrelly E, Rapley JH, Goggin UM, Gentle WE (2002) Partitioning, bioavailability, and toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin in sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 21(1):9–15Maund SJ, Campbell PJ, Giddings JM, Hamer MJ, Henry K, Pilling ED, Warinton JS, Wheeler JR (2012) Ecotoxicology of synthetic pyrethroids. Top Curr Chem 314:137–165Money E, Carter GP, Serre ML (2009) Using river distances in the space/time estimation of dissolved oxygen along two impaired river networks in New Jersey. Water Res 43(7):1948–1958Moore MT, Cooper CM, Smith S, Jr Cullum RF, Knight SS, Locke MA, Bennett ER (2009) Mitigation of two pyrethroid insecticides in Mississippi Delta constructed wetland. Environ Pollut 157:250–256Moreno-Ramón H, Marqués-Mateu A, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Gisbert JM (2015) Wetland soils under rice management and seawater intrusion: characterization and classification. Spa J Soil Sci 5(2):111–129Nawaz MF, Bourrie G, Trolard F, Mouret JC, Henry P (2013) Effects of agronomic practices on the physico-chemical properties of soil waters in rice culture. Turk J Agric For 37(2):195–202Oros DR, Werner I (2005) Pyrethroid insecticides: an analysis of use patterns, distributions, potential toxicity and fate in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Central Valley. White Paper for the Interagency Ecological Program. SFEI Contribution 415. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CAPascual-Aguilar J, Andreu V, Gimeno-Garcia E, Pico Y (2015) Current anthropogenic pressures on agro-ecological protected coastal wetlands. Sci Total Environ 03:190–199Soil Survey Staff (2014a) Soil survey field and laboratory methods manual. Soil survey investigations report no. 51, version 2.0. In: Burt R, Soil Survey Staff (eds). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, p 407Soil Survey Staff (ed) (2014b) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, p 372Song Y, Kai J, Song X, Zhang W, Li L (2015) Long-term toxic effects of deltamethrin and fenvalerate in soil. J Hazard Mater 289:158–164Weston DP, Holmes RW, You J, Lydy MJ (2005) Aquatic toxicity due to residential use of pyrethroid insecticides. Environ Sci Technol 39(24):9778–9784Weston DP, Ramil HL, Lydy MJ (2013) Pyrethroid insecticides in municipal wastewater. Environ Toxicol Chem 32(11):2460–2468Zhou JL, Rowland S, Mantoura RFC (1995) Partition of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides between dissolved and particulate phases. Water Res 29:1023–110

Ala Este. Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada

Ala Este. Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada consiste en la consolidación de una revista creada en 2020/2021, de carácter anual, liderada por alumnos y alumnas de la UCM, que siga los estándares de calidad de las revistas científicas (evaluación por pares de ciego, índices de impacto…) y en la que publiquen alumnos y alumnas de la UCM y de otras universidades. Este año se ha seguido trabajando los estándares de calidad que requieren las revistas científicas, se ha realizado un congreso para jóvenes investigadores, El brillo inútil. Experimentación, juventud y creación, del cual se están editando las actas, y se ha lanzado una nueva publicación de carácter anual, Ala Este. Revista de creación literaria, que se publicará a finales de 2023.Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte