Trastornos funcionales crónicos diagnosticados por Defecografía y Videodefecografía en pacientes con sospecha de patología de la dinámica del piso pélvico entre marzo del 2009 a marzo de 2012 en el Centro Médico ISSEMYM

INTRODUCCIÓN: La defecografía es una técnica radiológica donde es posible determinar los cambios anatómicos y funcionales del recto y el ano y también los movimientos del suelo pélvico durante la defecación, corroborando las sospechas clínicas y hallazgos anatómicos en la exploración física de los pacientes. En el estudio se analizó la casuística de 42 estudios de defecografía realizados durante el periodo de marzo de 2009 a marzo del 2012. OBJETIVO: Describir los trastornos funcionales crónicos diagnósticados por defecografía y videodefecografía en pacientes con sospecha clínica de patología de la dinámica del piso pélvico, identificar y clasificar los hallazgos funcionales y estructurales, describir el tamaño de los rectoceles y tipo de vaciamiento rectal. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Es un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y transversal. Se efectuó el análisis radiológico de discos compactos con las imágenes y grabaciones de videofluoroscopia de 42 pacientes con estudio de defecografía, enviados de consulta externa con diagnóstico clínico de trastornos crónicos del piso pélvico, en el Centro Médico ISSEMyM “Lic. Arturo Montiel Rojas” en el periodo ya establecido. Usando criterios morfológicos y parámetros definidos para un estudio de defecografía normal y con diferentes afecciones publicados en artículos por Mahieu en 1984 y Ekberg en 1985. RESULTADOS: De un total de 42 pacientes 10 presentaban más de un trastorno estructural. En 33 pacientes se diagnosticó rectocele (78.57%), los hallazgos de intususcepción fueron encontrados en 12 pacientes (28.57%), el síndrome del descenso del piso pélvico fue observado en 5 pacientes (11.90%) y finalmente 1 paciente se diagnosticó con incontinencia fecal (2.3%). Se detectaron solo trastornos estructurales, la edad más común oscilo entre los 45 y 49 años de edad (30.95%) y del sexo femenino que corrobora el claro aumento de la incidencia de éstos trastornos con la edad que se combinan con las alteraciones ginecológicas, del sistema urinario y gastrointestinales. Entre los tamaños de rectoceles anteriores los más prevalentes fueron los pequeños (menores a 2 cm) en 88%, en 9% los medianos y únicamente en 3% los grandes

Lesiones de Mama BIRADS 4 y 5 mastográfico y su concordancia histopatológica en pacientes de Tamiz del Hospital Materno Perinatal Mónica Pretelini, durante el periodo del 1° de junio del 2011 al 31 de mayo del 2012

INTRODUCCION. El cáncer de mama es el tipo más frecuente de cáncer en las mujeres en México. La mastografía de escrutinio es el estándar de oro en la detección temprana del cáncer de mama; como método de tamiz tiene una sensibilidad (86%) y especificidad (96%). La “NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-041-SSA2-2011 indica que debe realizarse cada 2 años. El Colegio Americano de Radiología (ACR) recomienda una mastografía anual a partir de los 40 años de edad. La mastografía y el ultrasonido juegan un papel vital en la detección oportuna del cáncer de mama, al detectar lesiones no palpables, y lograr la clasificación de las lesiones mamarias con respeto al riesgo de presentar cáncer de acuerdo con los hallazgos morfológicos y radiológicos, mediante el Sistema de Reporte de Datos de las Imágenes de la Mama (BIRADS) nos orienta respecto a la conducta a seguir ya sea al control anual, la vigilancia a corto plazo, o la biopsia mamaria. OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de concordancia de lesiones de mama categorizadas BIRADS 4 y 5 mastográfico con histopatología en pacientes de tamiz del Hospital Materno perinatal “Mónica Pretelini” durante el periodo del 1º de Junio del 2011 al 31 de mayo del 2012. MATERIAL Y METODOS El presente estudio contempla los expedientes radiológicos e histopatológicos de las pacientes que acuden a realización de mastografía de tamiz, y se les detecta por medio de a mastografía lesión clasificada como BIRADS 4 Y 5 y que posteriormente se realizó biopsia. RESULTADOS. Del total de mastografías realizadas (3115) durante el periodo de estudio, 106 se reportaron como BIRADS 4 (75 %) y 35 como BIRADS 5 (25%) por imagen. Se corroboraron por histopatología 43 casos de cáncer de mama, correspondiendo al 30% del total de las biopsias realizadas, de las cuales 18 correspondían a BIRADS 4 y 25 a BIRADS 5; con un porcentaje de concordancia del total de las biopsias de 16% para BIRADS 4 y 71 % para BIRADS 5

Immune system disorders, cancer and viral infections: A new treatment opportunity for the immune checkpoint inhibitors

Producción CientíficaThe relationship between viral infections and cancer is well known and has been established for decades. Multiple tumours are generated from alterations secondary to viral infections 2 resulting from a dysregulation of the immune system in many cases. Certain causal relationships, such as that between the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal cancer or hepatitis C and B viruses in hepatocarcinoma, have been clearly established, and their implications for the prognosis and treatment of solid tumours are currently unknown. Multiple studies have evaluated the role that these infections may have in the treatment of solid tumours using immunotherapy. A possible relationship between viral infections and an increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been established at a theoretical level in solid neoplasms, such as EBV-positive cavum cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and oropharyngeal cancer. These could yield a greater response associated with the activation of the immune system secondary to viral infection, the consequence of which is an increase in survival in these patients. That is why the objective of this review is to assess the different studies or clinical trials carried out in patients with solid tumours secondary to viral infections and their relationship to the response to ICIs

Biolistics transformation of callus and cell suspension cultures of Capsicum annuum L. ‘Serrano’ is useful for in vitro studies of the relative contents of secondary metabolites

Capsicum annuum is a crop species of economic importance able to produce capsaicinoids, capsinoids, and pigments with nutritional and medicinal value. Methods to propagate and transform this species have been reported, but most are phenotype dependent, rely on Agrobacterium for transformation, and their success has been limited. This relates to only one commercial transgenic variety currently on trial. In the present work, we report the conditions to produce callus and cell suspension cultures of C. annuum ‘Serrano’ using commercial seeds. The culture could be induced to produce capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in detectable quantities and was amenable to transformation using biolistics. The expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase 4 fused to a fluorescent protein was demonstrated using confocal microscopy. Evidence of the integrity of the fusion was obtained by immunoblot. The transformation induced a change in the ratio of capsaicin to dihydrocapsaicin measured using high resolution direct sample analysis-mass spectrometry (DSA-MS). The method is thus useful for the study of capsaicinoid production under controlled conditions for special purposes and metabolic studies

In vivo activity of plant-based interleukin-12 in the lung of Balb/c mouse

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the last years, plants are being used for the production of a wide variety of biopharmaceuticals, including cytokines, and have the potential to serve as vehicles for mucosal administration of these molecules. We had previously reported the expression of a cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12), in transgenic tomato plants and had demonstrated that it retained its biologic activity <it>in vitro</it>.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this work, we administered crude extracts of IL-12-containing tomato fruits to mice through the intratracheal route, measuring endogenous IL-12 and determining biologic activity by quantification of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in lungs and by histological analysis. IFN-γ expression in lungs, as well as histological analysis, indicate that tomato-expressed IL-12 retains its biologic activity and, most importantly, its effects are restricted to the site of administration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that the functional activity of tomato-expressed IL-12 is comparable to that of commercial recombinant IL-12 when given via the mucosal route. This opens the possibility of using crude extracts prepared from tomatoes expressing IL-12 for certain immunotherapies.</p

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe