A genome scan for milk production traits in dairy goats reveals two new mutations in <i>Dgat1</i> reducing milk fat content

The quantity of milk and milk fat and proteins are particularly important traits in dairy livestock. However, little is known about the regions of the genome that influence these traits in goats. We conducted a genome wide association study in French goats and identified 109 regions associated with dairy traits. For a major region on chromosome 14 closely associated with fat content, the Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene turned out to be a functional and positional candidate gene. The caprine reference sequence of this gene was completed and 29 polymorphisms were found in the gene sequence, including two novel exonic mutations: R251L and R396W, leading to substitutions in the protein sequence. The R251L mutation was found in the Saanen breed at a frequency of 3.5% and the R396W mutation both in the Saanen and Alpine breeds at a frequencies of 13% and 7% respectively. The R396W mutation explained 46% of the genetic variance of the trait, and the R251L mutation 6%. Both mutations were associated with a notable decrease in milk fat content. Their causality was then demonstrated by a functional test. These results provide new knowledge on the genetic basis of milk synthesis and will help improve the management of the French dairy goat breeding program

Perception, cognition, and linguistic structure: The effect of linguistic modularity and cognitive style on sociolinguistic processing

The Interface Principle posits that morphosyntactic variation does not elicit the same kinds of perceptual reactions as phonetic variables because “members of the speech community evaluate the surface form of language but not more abstract structural features” (Labov, 1993:4). This article examines the effect of linguistic modularity on listeners’ social evaluations. Our point of departure is the sociolinguistic monitor, a hypothesized cognitive mechanism that governs frequency-linked perceptual awareness (Labov, Ash, Ravindranath, Weldon, & Nagy, 2011). Results indicate that “higher level” structural variables are available to the sociolinguistic monitor. Moreover, listeners’ reactions are conditioned by independent effects of region of provenance and individual cognitive style. Overall, our findings support the claim that sociolinguistic processing is influenced by a range of social and psychological constraints (Campbell-Kibler, 2011; Preston, 2010; Wagner & Hesson, 2014) while also demonstrating the need for models of sociolinguistic cognition to include patterns of grammatical variation (Meyerhoff & Walker, 2013; Walker, 2010)

VarGoats project : a dataset of 1159 whole-genome sequences to dissect Capra hircus global diversity

Since their domestication 10,500 years ago, goat populations with distinctive genetic backgrounds have adapted to a broad variety of environments and breeding conditions. The VarGoats project is an international 1000-genome resequencing program designed to understand the consequences of domestication and breeding on the genetic diversity of domestic goats and to elucidate how speciation and hybridization have modeled the genomes of a set of species representative of the genus Capra. A dataset comprising 652 sequenced goats and 507 public goat sequences, including 35 animals representing eight wild species, has been collected worldwide. We identified 74,274,427 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 13,607,850 insertion-deletions (InDels) by aligning these sequences to the latest version of the goat reference genome (ARS1). A Neighbor-joining tree based on Reynolds genetic distances showed that goats from Africa, Asia and Europe tend to group into independent clusters. Because goat breeds from Oceania and Caribbean (Creole) all derive from imported animals, they are distributed along the tree according to their ancestral geographic origin. We report on an unprecedented international effort to characterize the genome-wide diversity of domestic goats. This large range of sequenced individuals represents a unique opportunity to ascertain how the demographic and selection processes associated with post-domestication history have shaped the diversity of this species. Data generated for the project will also be extremely useful to identify deleterious mutations and polymorphisms with causal effects on complex traits, and thus will contribute to new knowledge that could be used in genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies

Author Correction:A genome scan for milk production traits in dairy goats reveals two new mutations in Dgat1 reducing milk fat content (Scientific Reports DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02052-0)

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Биофизика зрительной сенсорной системы человека

Зрительная сенсорная система – это система, которая воспринимает излучение видимого спектра, после чего формируется изображение предметов окружающей среды в виде определенных ощущений (сенсорных чувств)

AdaptMap: exploring goat diversity and adaptation

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Modélisation des incertitudes en thermique à l’aide du code SYRTHES et de la plateforme SALOME

International audienceEDF investigue de nombreuses configurations industrielles où les aspects thermiques sont présents.Pour leur analyse, EDF R&D développe le code de thermique SYRTHES (code open source) pour la réalisation d’études industrielles et/ou à caractère de recherche.Afin de répondre à la question de la sensibilité du résultat à une modification d’une ou des données utilisées en entrée, le poster présente deux approches possibles : l'approche par dérivation et l'approche par méthode de Monte-Carlo

Delayed Ettringite Formation Thermal Management in Cement Grout for Long-Lived Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste Conditioning

International audienceActivated long-lived medium or intermediate-level metallic radioactive waste (LL-ILW) from dismantled or in operation French nuclear power plants are conditioned since 2021 in a new EDF1 facility (ICEDA) located in the Middle East of France.The conditioning consists in blocking waste in a cement grout inside a long-lasting and confining con-crete container. Due to the waste radioactivity, the process is carried out remotely, in hot cells.Containers must have confining properties to be disposed without any additional packaging in the future French final geological repository studied by ANDRA2. The goal is to demonstrate that confinement properties of the concrete container are preserved during manufacturing and storage stages in the EDF facility and then after transfer to the ANDRA repository.Many phenomena, such as irradiation and radiolysis, shrinkage induced by drying, carbonation and corrosion, can alter confining properties of the container. This paper focuses on the manufacturing stage and especially on industrial operating conditions that have been defined in order to limit the temperature rise and thus control the risk of Delayed Ettringite Formation in the packages. Temperature of the block-ing grout is directly influenced by the thermal residual power of the metallic waste and by the exothermic reaction taking place during the hydration phase of the blocking grout.To verify that the core temperature of packages stays below the 75°C threshold during the manufactur-ing process, experiments have been carried out with full scale package prototypes instrumented with thermocouples. Then, a thermal numerical model of the mock-up has been developed and validated based on the measurements. At last, an experimental campaign, including 5 instrumented packages with inactive waste, has been carried out in the industrial facility. Again, numerical model comparisons between measurements and calculations indicate that the numerical model is predictive and ultimately makes it possible to perform a sensitivity study. This study leads to identify manufacturing parameters required to ensure that the package core temperature will stay under 75°C: initial grout temperature and manufacturing cell temperature have to be controlled according to the nature and the mass of the waste in the packages