AS CATEGORIAS DA FORMAÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA E A MOBILIZAÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS NO AMBIENTE DE ENSINO SUPERIOR

This study aims to identify and analyze categories of entrepreneurial formation, based on the opinions of teachers and coordinators in Higher Education Institutions in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. During the research, we identified the relationship between these categories and the mobilization of entrepreneurial skills. This is a qualitative exploratory study with theoretical and practical characteristics. The main analytical step was performed using the software program Iramuteq (i), with the addition of the analysis of Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similitude (ii), seeking to obtain a deeper understanding of the texts. And the software program MAXQDA (iii) was used for the coding and formation of the networks associated with the entrepreneurial skills developed. The results showed four main categories, which, according to the interviewees, make up the Entrepreneurial Training processes: intention to undertake, processes/techniques of entrepreneurial training, entrepreneurial learning, and the teaching structure used in this training. Another relevant result was the identification, by the trainers, of seventeen competencies to be developed among the students. Finally, the article relates these seventeen competencies to the Entrepreneurial Training categories.El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar categorías de formación para emprendedor a partir de la opinión de docentes y coordinadores en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) ubicadas en Brasil, Paraguay y Argentina. En el desarrollo de la investigación, identificamos la relación de estas categorías con la movilización de habilidades empresariales. Este es un estudio exploratorio cualitativo de características teóricas y prácticas, cuyo paso analítico principal se realiza utilizando el software Iramuteq (i), al cual se agrega el análisis de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente y Similitud (ii), con el propósito de avanzar en la comprensión más profunda de los textos y, desde el software MAXQDA (iii), para la codificación y formación de las redes asociadas con las habilidades empresariales desarrolladas allí. Los resultados mostraron cuatro categorías principales que, según los entrevistados, conforman los procesos de Formación para Emprendedor: la intención de emprender, los procesos/técnicas de formación para emprendedor, el aprendizaje empresarial y la estructura de enseñanza empleada en esta capacitación. También como resultados relevantes fueron identificados por los entrenadores diecisiete habilidades que se desarrollarán entre los estudiantes. Finalmente, el artículo relaciona estas diecisiete competencias con las categorías de Formación para Emprendedor.O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar categorias de formação empreendedora a partir da percepção/opinião de professores e coordenadores em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) localizadas no Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina. No desdobramento da pesquisa, identificou-se a relação dessas categorias com a mobilização de competências empreendedoras. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório qualitativo de característica teórico-prática, cuja etapa analítica principal é realizada por meio do software Iramuteq (i), ao qual se acrescenta a análise de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e de Similitude (ii), com a finalidade de avançar na compreensão mais profunda dos textos; e do software MAXQDA (iii), para codificação e formação das redes associadas às competências empreendedoras desenvolvidas. Os resultados evidenciaram quatro categorias principais, as quais, segundo os entrevistados, compõem os processos de Formação Empreendedora: intenção de empreender, processos/técnicas da formação empreendedora, aprendizagem empreendedora e estrutura de ensino empregada nessa formação. Ainda como resultados relevantes foram identificadas pelos formadores dezessete competências a serem desenvolvidas entre os alunos. Finalmente, o artigo relaciona essas dezessete competências às categorias da Formação Empreendedora

Visual behavior of infants in the first and second months of life

Este estudo objetivou avaliar e conhecer o comportamento visual de lactentes no primeiro e segundo meses de vida. Os participantes foram 66 lactentes procedentes da região metropolitana de Campinas, nascidos no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM/UNICAMP), assintomáticos, com peso ao nascimento variando de 3000g a 4140g, integrantes do Programa de Detecção de Alterações Audiológicas em Neonatos (DAANE), que compareceram ao Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Reabilitação "Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto" da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP) para triagem auditiva e cujos pais concordaram em participar do estudo. Para avaliação do comportamento visual utilizou-se o Método de Avaliação da Conduta Visual em Lactentes. A análise dos resultados utilizando-se o SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 13) revelou, no primeiro mês, um destaque para as provas: fixação visual 97,62%, contato de olho 97,62%, sorriso 52,38%, seguimento visual horizontal 97,62% e seguimento visual vertical 52,38%. No segundo mês obteve-se 100% de resposta para as provas fixação visual, contato de olho, sorriso, seguimento visual horizontal e vertical. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo estão em concordância com dados de estudos recentes sobre o comportamento visual de lactentes no primeiro trimestre de vida. A possibilidade de detectar oportunamente alterações no desenvolvimento visual está ligada a um diagnóstico oportuno e a um pronto encaminhamento a serviços de habilitação infantil, favorecendo, assim, a qualidade de vida das crianças e suas famílias.The aim of this study was to assess as well as understand the visual behavior of infants in the first and second months of life. The participants were 66 asymptomatic infants from Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, born at the Integral Attention Center for Women's Health at Campinas State University (CAISM/UNICAMP), with birth weight ranging from 3000g to 4140g. These infants were participants in the Program for Detecting Audiological Alterations in Newborns (DAANE) who attended the Center for Studies and Research on Rehabilitation "Prof. Dr. Gabriel Porto" at the Faculty of Medical Sciences (CEPRE/FCM/UNICAMP) for auditory trial, and whose parents consented to participate in this study. Visual behaviors were assessed through the Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants. The data analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 13). In the first month, the infants showed: visual fixation (97.62%), eye contact (97.62%), smile (52.38%), horizontal tracking (97.62%), and vertical tracking (52.38%). In the second month, they reached 100% in these same tests. The results are in accordance with recent studies on visual behavior of infants in the first three months of life. The possibility of opportunely detecting alterations in visual development is related to a timely diagnosis and a prompt referral to rehabilitation services for infants. As a consequence, it may improve the quality of life of children and their families

Karyotype differentiation of four Cestrum species (Solanaceae) revealed by fluorescent chromosome banding and FISH

The karyotypes of four South American species of Cestrum (C. capsulare,C. corymbosum,C. laevigatum and C. megalophylum) were studied using conventional staining, C-CMA/DAPI chromosome banding and FISH with 45S and 5S rDNA probes. The karyotypes showed a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 16, with metacentric chromosomes, except for the eighth submeta- to acrocentric pair. Several types of heterochromatin were detected, which varied in size, number, distribution and base composition. The C-CMA+ bands and 45S rDNA were located predominantly in terminal regions. The C-CMA + /DAPI + bands appeared in interstitial and terminal regions, and the C-DAPI + bands were found in all chromosome regions. The 5S rDNA sites were observed on the long arm of pair 8 in all species except C. capsulare, where they were found in the paracentromeric region of the long arm of pair 4. The differences in band patterns among the species studied here, along with data from other nine species reported in the literature, suggest that the bands are dispersed in an equilocal and non-equilocal manner and that structural rearrangements can be responsible for internal karyotype diversification. However, it is important to point out that the structural changes involving repetitive segments did not culminate in substantial changes in the general karyotype structure concerning chromosome size and morphology

ANTECEDENTES ATITUDINAIS DE CAPACIDADES DINÂMICAS

Objective: The main objective was to identify the attitudinal antecedents of dynamic capacities. For this, we used a method on grounded theory. Design / methodology / approach: As strategies for data collection, we selected oral history of thematic life interviews and in-depth interviews. The method covered constant comparisons and the processes of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: It was possible to conclude, from the substantive theory that emerged from the research field, that individual capacities underpinned the intrapreneurial attitude of managers of innovation projects. These capacities are associated with organizational capacities of perception (self-knowledge, autonomy, emotional evaluation, detail and initiative), apprehension (positive perspective, abstraction, critical analysis, emotional control, creativity, satisfaction with learning and strategic vision) and reconfiguration (argumentation, self-confidence, communication, discipline, empathy, active listening, flexibility, dealing with pressure, resistance to frustrations and systemic vision). The aggregate analysis revealed emerging cognitive and emotional elements, which interrupted the routine aspects of project management, substantiating the intrapreneurial attitude of the managers participating in this study. Originality / value: The main contribution of this study is the identification of individual capacities and collective behaviors that act as attitudinal triggers for the organizational capacities of perception, apprehension and reconfiguration of pro-innovation resources. Potentially, this contribution can be used to conduct recruitment/selection and training processes for innovation project managers.Objetivo: El objetivo general fue identificar los antecedentes actitudinales de las capacidades dinâmicas. Para esto se adoptó el método basado en la teoría fundamentada. Diseño / metodología / enfoque: Se realizaron histórias orales de entrevistas de vida temáticas y entrevistas en profundidad. Se adoptó el método de comparaciones constantes y los procesos de codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: De la teoría sustantiva surgida en el campo de la investigación se pudo concluir que las capacidades individuales sustentaban la actitud intraemprendedora de los gestores de proyectos de innovación. Capacidades individuales se asocian a las capacidades organizacionales de percepción (autoconocimiento, autonomía, evaluación emocional, detalle e iniciativa), aprehensión (perspectiva positiva, abstracción, análisis crítico, control emocional, creatividad, satisfacción con el aprendizaje y visión estratégica) y reconfiguración ( argumentación, autoconfianza, comunicación, disciplina, empatía, escucha activa, flexibilidad, manejo de la presión, resistencia a las frustraciones y visión sistémica). Análisis agregado reveló elementos cognitivos y emocionales emergentes, que rompían con los aspectos rutinarios de la gestión de proyectos, lo que corrobora la actitud intraemprendedora de los gerentes que participan en este estudio. Originalidad / valor: La principal contribución de este estudio fue la identificación de capacidades individuales y comportamientos colectivos que actúan como desencadenantes actitudinales para las capacidades organizacionales de percepción, aprehensión y reconfiguración de recursos pro-innovación. Potencialmente, esta constribuición se puede utilizar para llevar a cabo procesos de reclutamiento / selección y capacitación para gerentes de proyectos de innovación.Objetivo: O objetivo geral foi identificar os antecedentes atitudinais de capacidades dinâmicas. Para tal, foi adotado o método baseado na grounded theory. Design / metodologia / abordagem: Como estratégias para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas de história oral de vida temática e entrevistas em profundidade. Foram adotados o método das comparações constantes e os processos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva. Resultados: Foi possível concluir, a partir da teoria substantiva que emergiu do campo de pesquisa, que as capacidades individuais fundamentaram a atitude intraempreendedora dos gestores de projetos de inovação. Essas capacidades individuais se associaram às capacidades organizacionais de percepção (autoconhecimento, autonomia, avaliação emocional, detalhismo e iniciativa), de apreensão (perspectiva positiva, abstração, análise crítica, controle emocional, criatividade, satisfação com aprendizagem e visão estratégica) e de reconfiguração (argumentação, autoconfiança, comunicação, disciplina, empatia, escuta ativa, flexibilidade, lidar com pressão, resistência a frustrações e visão sistêmica). Esta análise agregada revelou elementos cognitivos e emocionais emergentes, que romperam com os aspectos rotineiros do gerenciamento de projetos, consubstanciando a atitude intraempreendedora dos gestores participantes deste estudo. Originalidade / valor: A principal contribuição do estudo foi a identificação de capacidades individuais e de comportamentos coletivos que funcionam como gatilhos atitudinais das capacidades organizacionais de percepção, apreensão e reconfiguração de recursos pró-inovação. Potencialmente, essa contribuição pode ser usada para a condução de processos de recrutamento/seleção e capacitação de gestores de projetos de inovação

Minha vida escolar na China, de Xin Zhang

Apresentamos uma tradução de “School Life in China”, escrito por  Xin Zhang. Esse texto chegou ao conhecimento do grupo de pesquisa “Filhos do exílio” por ser um dos textos publicados no livro In a New Land: an anthology of immigrant literature (1994), que vem sendo traduzido por membros do grupo. Em cada excerto dessa antologia, há uma pequena introdução explicativa em que as organizadoras Sari Grossman e Joan Brodsky Schur relatam a origem do texto. Concernentemente ao texto de Zhang, as organizadoras informam que ele faz parte de uma coletânea, lançada em 1988, de autobiografias dos estudantes/imigrantes recém-chegados à Newcomer High School, localizada em São Francisco, EUA. No comentário do nosso processo tradutório enfocamos [1] as nossas escolhas lexicais, considerando, dentro dos limites possíveis, as diferenças entre o mandarim, o inglês e o português; [2] o estilo da autora; e [3] particularidades culturais

Toxicity evaluation of nanocrystalline silver-impregnated coated dressing on the life cycle of worm Caenorhabditis elegans

In recent times, however, due to the emergence of bacterial strains with resistance to conventional antibiotics, silver has again gained attention as an alternative for developing new efficient bactericides, including the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the improper disposal of these items after use may cause toxicological effects on organisms in the environment. To evaluate the potential environmental hazard of nanosilver-coated dressings, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen as a test organism. The assays were conducted in 24-well plates that contain four different sizes of coated dressing to obtain different concentrations. L1 and L4 C. elegans larval stages were exposed to these nanosilver concentrations. Dressing cutouts were arranged between two layers of agar for 3 days and Escherichia coli (OP 50 strain) was added as food source for the worms. After the exposure period, growth, reproduction, fertility, silver concentration in the medium and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the worms were evaluated. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on the coated dressings, as well as analyses of zeta potential, ionic release and antibacterial power in two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). It was verified the antibacterial power of the coated dressing, in both bacteria strains tested. Characterization of the coated dressing indicated heterogeneous nanoparticles, as well as distinct zeta potentials for the medium in water and saline medium (0.9% NaCl). L1 larval worms exposed to nanosilver-coated dressing showed a high ROS concentration and reductions in growth, fertility and reproduction. Worms exposed to the coated dressing during the L4 stage showed almost no response. Overall, the obtained results indicate the potential environmental hazard of nanosilver-coated dressings.Fil: Ayech, Alinne. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Josende, M. E.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ventura Lima, J.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ruas, Caroline Pires. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Gelesky, M. A.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ale, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Cazenave, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Galdopórpora, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Desimone, Martín Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, Miriam. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Halicki, Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Ramos, Daniela Fernandes. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; BrasilFil: Carvalho, L. M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Leal, Gabriela Camera. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; BrasilFil: Monserrat, José María. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande; Brasi

Exploring validated strategies for eating disorders screening in adolescents and adults in Primary Health Care: A scoping review

Eating disorders (ED) are mental conditions in which disordered eating behaviors cause problems in physical and emotional functioning, and they are more common in adolescents and young women. The late diagnosis leads to significant distress and increases the risk of health problems and even death. It is believed that many cases of EDs go unreported, but the suicide rate is high, approximately 26% and has been increasing in recent years. Diagnosing eating disorders is challenging because some dysfunctional eating behaviors are socially accepted. Therefore, it is important for professionals in multidisciplinary teams to work together and use validated strategies to identify cases. Primary Care is the most appropriate time to conduct this screening, as these professionals monitor weight and eating indicators and they also deeply know the social context of the served population.Significant changes in weight and/or the adoption of risk behaviors can be identified in this context, allowing to appropriate referral for specialized care. This study aims to answer the question: What is the evidence of validated screening strategies for eating disorders (ED) in adolescents and adults used in primary care? A scoping review will be conducted following the specific guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute for the protocol and reporting of the review

Guia Prefeito + Brasil - Volume 2

Este guia foi desenvolvido pela Enap, em parceria com a Secretaria de Assuntos Federativos da Presidência da República (SEAF), para proporcionar uma visão sistêmica sobre Políticas Públicas Municipais.v. 2, 762 páginasPolíticas PúblicasGuia Prefeito + Brasil - Volume 1 está disponível aqui: http://repositorio.enap.gov.br/handle/1/702

Exogenous silicon and salicylic acid applications improve tolerance to boron toxicity in field pea cultivars by intensifying antioxidant defence systems

Field peas (Pisum sativum L.) are widely cultivated throughout the world as a cool season grain and forage crop. Boron (B) toxicity is caused by high B concentration in the soil or irrigation water, and is particularly problematic in medium or heavier textured soil types with moderate alkalinity and low annual rainfall. Previous studies have indicated that B-toxicity increases oxidative stress in plants, and B-tolerance has been considered an important target in field pea plant breeding programmes. Inducers of tolerance may be a promising alternative for plant breeding. Little research has been conducted on the combined use of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) to remediate B-toxicity in field peas. The present study revealed the physiological and biochemical plant responses of applying Si + SA under B-toxicity (15 mg B L−1) on two Brazilian field pea cultivars (Iapar 83 and BRS Forrageira). A semi-hydroponic experiment was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design (2 × 5): with two field pea cultivars and five treatments which were formed by individual and combined applications of Si and SA under B-toxicity plus a control (control, B, B + Si, B + SA, and B + Si + SA). Si (2 mmol L−1) was applied to plants in two forms (root and leaf), while for SA (36 μmol L−1) only foliar applications were applied. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of exogenous Si + SA in field peas increased tolerance to B-toxicity through an intensified antioxidant plant defence system, resulting in a better regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and degradation. It significantly increased total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, and reduced MDA and H2O2 contents, resulting in increased fresh shoot and total plant dry biomass. The application of Si + SA alleviated the inhibitory effects of boron toxicity in field peas, resulting in greater plant growth by preventing oxidative membrane damage through an increased tolerance to B-excess within the plant tissue. Therefore, the use of Si + SA is an important and sustainable strategy to alleviate B-toxicity in field pea cultivation