Interaction effects of fermentation time and sourdough content on the size and acidity in bread

The use of sourdough to provide certain physical, organoleptic and nutritional properties to bread is one of the most used biotechnological processes in the production of cereal-based foods. Sourdough, yeast and fermentation time are elements that provide rising to the bread, in addition to aroma, flavour and nutritional properties. The time of fermentation of the dough before baking and the portion of sourdough added in the dough pieces are decisive on the acids formation by microbiological action, and thus, the properties of the bread. The physical aspect is also an important factor in the final product, and it can be widely affected according to the percentage of sourdough used and the fermentation time prior to baking. This is due to the variation in the rheological properties of the dough and possibly to the competition existing in the microbiota development. In this work, the interaction effects of fermentation time and sourdough content on the size and acidity in bread are assessed. For this purpose, bread samples were prepared with a fixed amount of yeast and 0, 20 and 50% sourdough portions. Afterwards, they were allowed to ferment periods of 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes before being baked. The results obtained are reported in the present work.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Sincronización de fase en los mercados internacionales de capitales, evidencia de integración.

En este trabajo se muestra evidencia empírica sobre la sincronización de fase de los índices bursátiles de algunas de las principales economías del mundo, la cual aumenta cuando se presentan periodos de lata volatilidad en los mercados financieros. Para ello se hace uso de teoría de control de caos, de tal forma que se logre encontrar propiedades sobre las que evolucionan los índices bursátiles y conocer si la diversificación es posible, tratándose de instrumentos de la misma naturaleza. El análisis presentado es de esencia fenomenológica, es decir, escapa de supuestos, por ejemplo normalidad, que en algún momento restringe la aplicación de ciertas metodologías tradicionales. Del mismo modo, se muestra que la sincronización de fase presente en las series no elimina; aunque reduce; los beneficios potenciales de la diversificación internacional cuando los portafolios están integrados por tracks de índices bursátiles financieros, al igualar el numero y tamaño de los excesos después de VaR, en periodos de lata volatilidad. Es decir, se plantea la existencia de un macrosistema que sobresee los mercados locales en momentos de volatilidad

"Sincronización de Fase en los Mercados Internacionales de Capitales, Evidencia de Integración "

We show empirical evidence about phase synchronization of stock market indices of the most important world economies. For this we use chaos control theory in order to find some properties on the evolution of those indices and determining whether or not international diversification is possible using common financial instruments. Analyses presented are essentially phenomenological; that is, assumptions such as normality often restrain application of some traditional methodologies. Similarly, we show that phase synchronization does not eliminate, but reduces potential benefits for portfolios composed of financial index tracks because they tend to match the number and size of excesses after VaR in times of high volatility. This implies the presence of a macro system that sobresee local markets at times of high volatility.En este trabajo se muestra evidencia empírica sobre la sincronización de fase de los índices bursátiles de algunas de las principales economías del mundo, la cual aumenta cuando se presentan periodos de alta volatilidad en los mercados financieros. Para ello se hace uso de teoría de control del caos, de tal forma que se logre encontrar propiedades sobre las que evolucionan los índices bursátiles y conocer si la diversificación es posible, tratándose de instrumentos de la misma naturaleza. El análisis presentado es de esencia fenomenológica, es decir, escapa de supuestos, por ejemplo normalidad, que en algún momento restringe la aplicación de ciertas metodologías tradicionales. Del mismo modo, se muestra que la sincronización de fase presente en las series no elimina; aunque reduce; los beneficios potenciales de la diversificación internacional cuando los portafolios están integrados por tracks de índices bursátiles financieros, al igualar el número y tamaño de los excesos después de VaR, en periodos de alta volatilidad. Es decir, se plantea la existencia de un macrosistema que sobresee los mercados locales en momentos de volatilidad.

Fungitoxic Potential of Extracts of Four Pinus spp. Bark to Inhibit Fungus Trametes versicolor (L. ex. Fr.) Pilát

Antifungal potential of bark crude extracts of Pinus strobus L., Pinus douglasiana Martinez, Pinus caribaea Morelet [var. Hondurensis (scheclauze) W. H. G. Barrett & Golfari] and Pinus leiophylla Schltdl. & Cham, for inhibiting mycelial growth to fungus Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Pilát was investigated. Pinus bark was extracted through a mixture of acetone-hexane-water 54:44:2 V. Bioassays were performed according to the agar dilution method (petri dish) using concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg mL-1 for each of the obtained extracts. All extracts showed some inhibition degree. Crude extracts of P. strobus bark showed the greatest inhibition degree. Antifungal potential of all tested extracts at a concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1 was classified as toxic. Through simple regression models, concentrations were calculated in order to achieve a 50% inhibition (IC50) and the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). MIC values were 1.58, 1.72, 1.24, and 1.94 mg mL-1 for bark extracts of P. strobus, P. douglasiana, P. caribaea, and P. leiophylla, respectively

Effects of Cover Crops and Drip Fertigation Regime in a Young Almond Agroecosystem

The sustainability of woody crop agroecosystems requires continued improvements to water, nutrient and soil management. In this work, the combination of resource availability or fertigation dose with soil management practices was tested in a 2 &times; 2 factorial design in a drip irrigated young almond orchard. The fertigation doses were: the farmer supply at 60% of crop evapotranspiration and full nutrient requirements and the half-farmer supply at 30% of crop evapotranspiration and half nutrient requirements. The soil management practices were: bare soil and cover crops in the inter-row (mixture of grasses and legumes). Tree growth, yield, water and nutrient status, and cover crop biomass and nutrient status were determined, as well as inter-row soil C and N concentration. Results showed that the effect of resource availability was independent of soil management and vice versa. The half farmer treatment reduced tree vegetative growth and yield compared to farmer treatment, due to a negative effect on the water status, without observing a decrease in the concentration of nutrients in leaves or fruit. Trees with cover crop also reduced growth and yield compared to bare soil management. This was due to a nutritional competition, mainly of Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, rather than to a decline in tree water status. Cover crops sequester up to 1 t/ha/year of carbon but do not increase soil organic carbon, nor soil total nitrogen. Cover crops proved to be efficient in reducing soil nitrate concentration in the topsoil and therefore has potential to prevent its leaching. Deficit fertigation and the use of cover crops can be effective practices to preserve and save water and nutrient resources in Mediterranean agroecosystems, but should be established with caution so as not to compromise the profitability of the orchard

Effects of cover crops and drip fertigation regime in a young almond agroecosystem

The sustainability of woody crop agroecosystems requires continued improvements to water, nutrient and soil management. In this work, the combination of resource availability or fertigation dose with soil management practices was tested in a 2 × 2 factorial design in a drip irrigated young almond orchard. The fertigation doses were: the farmer supply at 60% of crop evapotranspiration and full nutrient requirements and the half-farmer supply at 30% of crop evapotranspiration and half nutrient requirements. The soil management practices were: bare soil and cover crops in the inter-row (mixture of grasses and legumes). Tree growth, yield, water and nutrient status, and cover crop biomass and nutrient status were determined, as well as inter-row soil C and N concentration. Results showed that the effect of resource availability was independent of soil management and vice versa. The half farmer treatment reduced tree vegetative growth and yield compared to farmer treatment, due to a negative effect on the water status, without observing a decrease in the concentration of nutrients in leaves or fruit. Trees with cover crop also reduced growth and yield compared to bare soil management. This was due to a nutritional competition, mainly of Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn, rather than to a decline in tree water status. Cover crops sequester up to 1 t/ha/year of carbon but do not increase soil organic carbon, nor soil total nitrogen. Cover crops proved to be efficient in reducing soil nitrate concentration in the topsoil and therefore has potential to prevent its leaching. Deficit fertigation and the use of cover crops can be effective practices to preserve and save water and nutrient resources in Mediterranean agroecosystems, but should be established with caution so as not to compromise the profitability of the orchard.This research was funded by FUNDACIÓN CAJAMAR; “Uso eficiente del agua en escenarios de cambio climático”, and projects Sudoe ClimAlert SOE3/P4/F0862 e Interreg Atalantic Triple-CEAPA_772/2018.Peer reviewe