PRODUÇÃO DO PARASITÓIDE Cotesia flavipes (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARA CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DA BROCA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (Diatraea saccharalis) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

Since the introduction of Cotesia flavipes (larval parasitoid) in Brazil, in 1971, researches has been developed to obtain the best laboratorial methods of massal rearing, aiming the most important plague control in sugarcane, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis. The actual methods of massal rearing of Cotesia flavipes were verified in this work, as well as the rooms needed in a biological control laboratory, with the propitious environment to rear and maintain host (Diatraea saccharalis) and parasitoid (Cotesia flavipes) during all the year. This work also discuss the necessity of a quality control in the beneficial insects massal rearing, as the pathogen contamination is one of the highest obstacle to get a quality product with desirable performance in field

The collective entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable rural tourism: an experience of south of Brasil

O empreendedorismo coletivo tem se demonstrado fundamental para o turismo rural sustentável, fato que motivou o desenvolvimento deste estudo no estado do Paraná, região Sul do Brasil, onde existe uma experiência coletiva em torno do turismo. Especificamente, neste estudo busca‑se: a) compreender o processo de empreendedorismo coletivo desenvolvido entre os empreendimentos turísticos; e b) analisar as possíveis contribuições do empreendedorismo coletivo para o fortalecimento dos empreendedores turísticos. Para tanto, desenvolveu‑se um estudo qualitativo, de caráter descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os gestores da iniciativa coletiva, e ainda, a partir de dados secundários. Os principais resultados apontam que a experiência coletiva desenvolvida no estado do Paraná em torno do turismo rural sustentável se revela uma iniciativa pioneira para a região, sendo que o empreendedorismo coletivo se demonstrou fundamental para o desencadeamento desse processo. Ganhos são mais evidenciados do que dificuldades na iniciativa coletiva investigada.The collective entrepreneurship has proven to be fundamental in the context of sustainable rural tourism, a fact that motivated the development of this study in Paraná State, south region of Brazil, where there is a collective experience around tourism. Specifically, this study aims to: a) understand the process of collective entrepreneurship developed between tourism enterprises and b) analyze the possible contributions of collective entrepreneurship to strengthen the tourism entrepreneurs involved. Therefore, it was developed a qualitative and descriptive study. The data were obtained through interviews with the managers of collective initiative, and also from secondary data. The main results show that the collective experience in Paraná State around sustainable rural tourism reveals a pioneering initiative in the region, and the collective entrepreneurship is proved fundamental for triggering this process. Gains are more evident than difficulties in this collective initiative investigated

Arritmias Cardíacas no Contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19: Uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Cardiac Arrhythmias in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: An Integrative Literature Review

A COVID-19 é uma doença oriunda do contágio pelo vírus Sars-CoV-2, um membro da família Coronaviridae, responsável por cerca de 3,3 milhões de óbitos em todo o mundo desde o início das notificações da doença, em dezembro de 2019. Uma das manifestações frequentes no contexto da COVID-19 são as arritmias, que podem ocorrer devido ao efeito inflamatório em resposta ao vírus, hipóxia, desregulação metabólica e/ou pelo dano direto ao tecido cardíaco. Até o momento não se tem, na literatura especializada, terapia farmacológica específica para o tratamento de arritmias nesses casos. Essa revisão tem por objetivo analisar os casos de pacientes infectados pelo Sars-Cov-2 que desenvolveram arritmias cardíacas e as principais manifestações apresentadas por eles, além de relacionar fatores como idade, sexo, histórico patológico pregresso a doença e terapia farmacológica utilizada contra o COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre as arritmias cardíacas no contexto da atual pandemia, buscando disseminar e entender tal temática. Foram utilizados as plataformas Pubmed, Science Direct e banco de dados da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) com os descritores “cardiac arrhythmias” e COVID-19”, e  LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) com os seguintes descritores, “coração” e “COVID-19”, obtendo, após seleção, um total de 78 artigos-estudos. Dessa forma, dos estudos analisados, 45 casos diferentes foram compilados, seguindo os fatores previamente citados no objetivo. A idade média dos pacientes foi de aproximadamente 59 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino. As comorbidades encontradas mais frequentes foram a hipertensão e a diabetes e o tratamento principal foi o uso de hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina. Ademais, constatou-se as seguintes arritmias nos casos analisados: taquicardia (47 casos), bradicardia (24 casos), intervalo QT/QTc longo (11 casos) e extrasístoles (7 casos). Assim, observou-se que as manifestações clínicas relacionadas a COVID-19 podem afetar o sistema cardiovascular e/ou agravar uma possível condição cardiovascular pré-existente

Cross-cultural Validation of the 5-Factor Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.

Objective: Negative symptoms are currently viewed as having a 2-dimensional structure, with factors reflecting diminished expression (EXP) and motivation and pleasure (MAP). However, several factor-analytic studies suggest that the consensus around a 2-dimensional model is premature. The current study investigated and cross-culturally validated the factorial structure of BNSS-rated negative symptoms across a range of cultures and languages. Method: Participants included individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder who had been rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) from 5 cross-cultural samples, with a total N = 1691. First, exploratory factor analysis was used to extract up to 6 factors from the data. Next, confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the fit of 5 models: (1) a 1-factor model, 2) a 2-factor model with factors of MAP and EXP, 3) a 3-factor model with inner world, external, and alogia factors; 4) a 5-factor model with separate factors for blunted affect, alogia, anhedonia, avolition, and asociality, and 5) a hierarchical model with 2 second-order factors reflecting EXP and MAP, as well as 5 first-order factors reflecting the 5 aforementioned domains. Results: Models with 4 factors or less were mediocre fits to the data. The 5-factor, 6-factor, and the hierarchical second-order 5-factor models provided excellent fit with an edge to the 5-factor model. The 5-factor structure demonstrated invariance across study samples. Conclusions: Findings support the validity of the 5-factor structure of BNSS-rated negative symptoms across diverse cultures and languages. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of negative symptoms

Colorectal cancer incidences in Lynch syndrome: a comparison of results from the prospective lynch syndrome database and the international mismatch repair consortium

Objective To compare colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences in carriers of pathogenic variants of the MMR genes in the PLSD and IMRC cohorts, of which only the former included mandatory colonoscopy surveillance for all participants. Methods CRC incidences were calculated in an intervention group comprising a cohort of confirmed carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (path_MMR) followed prospectively by the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD). All had colonoscopy surveillance, with polypectomy when polyps were identified. Comparison was made with a retrospective cohort reported by the International Mismatch Repair Consortium (IMRC). This comprised confirmed and inferred path_MMR carriers who were first- or second-degree relatives of Lynch syndrome probands. Results In the PLSD, 8,153 subjects had follow-up colonoscopy surveillance for a total of 67,604 years and 578 carriers had CRC diagnosed. Average cumulative incidences of CRC in path_MLH1 carriers at 70 years of age were 52% in males and 41% in females; for path_MSH2 50% and 39%; for path_MSH6 13% and 17% and for path_PMS2 11% and 8%. In contrast, in the IMRC cohort, corresponding cumulative incidences were 40% and 27%; 34% and 23%; 16% and 8% and 7% and 6%. Comparing just the European carriers in the two series gave similar findings. Numbers in the PLSD series did not allow comparisons of carriers from other continents separately. Cumulative incidences at 25 years were < 1% in all retrospective groups. Conclusions Prospectively observed CRC incidences (PLSD) in path_MLH1 and path_MSH2 carriers undergoing colonoscopy surveillance and polypectomy were higher than in the retrospective (IMRC) series, and were not reduced in path_MSH6 carriers. These findings were the opposite to those expected. CRC point incidence before 50 years of age was reduced in path_PMS2 carriers subjected to colonoscopy, but not significantly so

Desafios e Avanços no Manejo da Hemorragia Pós-Parto: Estratégias Emergentes e Melhores Práticas

This article presents a literature review on the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), focusing on emerging strategies and best practices. PPH is a significant obstetric complication that continues to pose a challenge for healthcare professionals. The review encompasses guidelines and recommendations from organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as highlighting studies on arterial embolization and other innovative interventions. The results emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and early identification of PPH to prevent serious complications. It is concluded that arterial embolization emerges as a valuable option in the management of refractory PPH, but its use should be carefully considered in conjunction with other therapeutic and preventive approaches.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre o manejo da hemorragia pós-parto (HPP), com foco em estratégias emergentes e melhores práticas. A HPP é uma complicação obstétrica significativa que continua a representar um desafio para os profissionais de saúde. A revisão abrange diretrizes e recomendações de organizações como o Colégio Americano de Obstetras e Ginecologistas (ACOG) e a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), além de destacar estudos sobre embolização arterial e outras intervenções inovadoras. Os resultados destacam a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar e da identificação precoce da HPP para prevenir complicações graves. Conclui-se que a embolização arterial surge como uma opção valiosa no manejo da HPP refratária, mas que seu uso deve ser cuidadosamente considerado em conjunto com outras abordagens terapêuticas e preventivas

Colorectal cancer incidences in Lynch syndrome : a comparison of results from the prospective lynch syndrome database and the international mismatch repair consortium

Objective: To compare colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences in carriers of pathogenic variants of the MMR genes in the PLSD and IMRC cohorts, of which only the former included mandatory colonoscopy surveillance for all participants. Methods: CRC incidences were calculated in an intervention group comprising a cohort of confirmed carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (path_MMR) followed prospectively by the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD). All had colonoscopy surveillance, with polypectomy when polyps were identified. Comparison was made with a retrospective cohort reported by the International Mismatch Repair Consortium (IMRC). This comprised confirmed and inferred path_MMR carriers who were first- or second-degree relatives of Lynch syndrome probands. Results: In the PLSD, 8,153 subjects had follow-up colonoscopy surveillance for a total of 67,604 years and 578 carriers had CRC diagnosed. Average cumulative incidences of CRC in path_MLH1 carriers at 70 years of age were 52% in males and 41% in females; for path_MSH2 50% and 39%; for path_MSH6 13% and 17% and for path_PMS2 11% and 8%. In contrast, in the IMRC cohort, corresponding cumulative incidences were 40% and 27%; 34% and 23%; 16% and 8% and 7% and 6%. Comparing just the European carriers in the two series gave similar findings. Numbers in the PLSD series did not allow comparisons of carriers from other continents separately. Cumulative incidences at 25 years were < 1% in all retrospective groups. Conclusions: Prospectively observed CRC incidences (PLSD) in path_MLH1 and path_MSH2 carriers undergoing colonoscopy surveillance and polypectomy were higher than in the retrospective (IMRC) series, and were not reduced in path_MSH6 carriers. These findings were the opposite to those expected. CRC point incidence before 50 years of age was reduced in path_PMS2 carriers subjected to colonoscopy, but not significantly so.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable cancer – the four Lynch syndromes - an EHTG, PLSD position statement

The recognition of dominantly inherited micro-satellite instable (MSI) cancers caused by pathogenic variants in one of the four mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2 has modified our understanding of carcinogenesis. Inherited loss of function variants in each of these MMR genes cause four dominantly inherited cancer syndromes with different penetrance and expressivities: the four Lynch syndromes. No person has an “average sex “or a pathogenic variant in an “average Lynch syndrome gene” and results that are not stratified by gene and sex will be valid for no one. Carcinogenesis may be a linear process from increased cellular division to localized cancer to metastasis. In addition, in the Lynch syndromes (LS) we now recognize a dynamic balance between two stochastic processes: MSI producing abnormal cells, and the host’s adaptive immune system’s ability to remove them. The latter may explain why colonoscopy surveillance does not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in LS, while it may improve the prognosis. Most early onset colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers in LS are now cured and most cancer related deaths are after subsequent cancers in other organs. Aspirin reduces the incidence of colorectal and other cancers in LS. Immunotherapy increases the host immune system’s capability to destroy MSI cancers. Colonoscopy surveillance, aspirin prevention and immunotherapy represent major steps forward in personalized precision medicine to prevent and cure inherited MSI cancer

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes submetidos a exames radiográficos intra-bucais realizados por uma clínica de radiologia odontológica particular na cidade de Criciúma/SC

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Bacharel no curso de Odontologia da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC.Introdução. O exame radiográfico pode ser essencial para o diagnóstico das doenças bucais assintomáticas e na confirmação de sinais e sintomas clínicos. Buscou-se verificar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes, do Sistema Único de Saúde do município de Criciúma/SC, submetidos a exames radiográficos intra-bucais, realizados por uma clínica de radiologia odontológica particular. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, de uma amostra de 576 radiografias intra-bucais, distribuídas em 290 laudos, no período de um ano. Os pacientes foram classificados quanto à idade e gênero. As informações dos laudos foram divididas em dois grupos: achados radiográficos e lesões patológicas. Através de testes estatísticos, os dados foram cruzados com idade e gênero. Resultados: Quanto às lesões, a cárie (61,5%) foi a doença mais frequente e, entre os achados radiográficos, cristas alveolares normais(43,7%). A doença cárie foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,001) com o gênero feminino (83,3%). No grupo de achados radiográficos, as cristas alveolares normais, foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,019), também com o gênero em feminino (63,1%). Houve uma associação entre cárie e cristas alveolares normais (p<0,001) com idade, ambos em indivíduos mais jovens. Conclusões: O perfil epidemiológico da população foi composto por mulheres adultas de meia idade, a cárie foi a mais prevalente entre as lesões e as cristas alveolares entre os achados radiográficos