Lienzos de letra: Las musas inquietantes de Cristina Peri Rossi. Un recorrido por la historia de la écfrasis en ámbito hispánico.

En el presente trabajo, se va a realizar un recorrido a lo largo de la historia de la écfrasis en el ámbito hispánico. En primer lugar, se atenderá a la definición del propio concepto, sus orígenes y su evolución. Además, se explicará la comparación entre poesía y pintura. Posteriormente, para ilustrar el desarrollo de este fenómeno, se proporcionarán los ejemplos más significativos desde los Siglos de Oro hasta la actualidad. Finalmente, seabordará el análisis de la propuesta en cuestión: Las musas inquietantes de Cristina Peri Rossi.<br /

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented. ISSN:0029-5515 ISSN:1741-432

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

APM +: Alguna planta medicinal més

EL PROJECTE: El farmacèutic es considera el professional expert en el medicament. Amb tot, al mercat en general, però també a les farmàcies, trobem un enorme ventall de complements alimentaris a base de plantes medicinals, comercialitzats en formes farmacèutiques. El farmacèutic ha de saber donar consell farmacèutic sobre medicaments, però els complements alimentaris cada vegada prenen més protagonisme comercial i el farmacèutic també caldrà que doni consell sobre aquests complements. En aquest mac, l’APP pel mòbil que anomenem APM+ (acrònim d’Alguna Planta Medicinal +) és una activitat docent realitzada durant el curs 2020-2021 en l’assignatura de Botànica Farmacèutica en els grups-classe M3 i T2. En aquesta activitat voluntària, de dues setmanes de durada, hi han participat 64 estudiants dels quals 57 han tingut prou qualitat acadèmica per ser publicades dins l’APP. L’objectiu docent d’aquesta activitat ha estat treballar la nomenclatura (nom científic, família i nom popular) i també les característiques morfològiques bàsiques de la planta i la droga amb les seves respectives imatges sempre de llicència lliure. També ha calgut fer una breu consulta a una base de dades de flora mundial (Plant of the World Online), a la wikipedia en anglès i a la base de dades de medicaments (CIMA) per saber on cal catalogar la planta estudiada. La metodologia utilitzada ha estat treballar, de manera individual, en un màxim de 3 plantes cadascú, sobre un document Excel compartit amb tothom per evitar repeticions. Un cop validat pel professorat cadascun dels registres, s’han traslladat a l’aplicació GLIDE per tal de crear l’App que, finalment, s’ha compartit a través d'un codi QR a tots els interessats de la classe i públic en general. L’App està organitzada en un menú inferior amb 4 icones. En la presentació s'esmenta l'objectiu docent de l'experiència i com s'ha organitzat i executat, juntament amb un breu apunt de l'objecte d'estudi -els complements alimentaris medicamentosos- i la diferència d'aquests amb un medicament clàssic. La segona icona presenta la planta medicinal a través d'una fotografia, la seva distribució geogràfica i una breu descripció morfològica de l'espècie. La tercera icona de la droga mostra una imatge de la part utilitzada com a medicinal i un enllaç per disposar de més informació a través de la wikipedia en anglès. I, per últim, a la quarta icona, cada estudiant ha triat un producte comercial relacionat amb la planta i ha fet la consulta a la base de dades CIMA per esbrinar si aquesta planta té registrats Medicaments, Medicaments Tradicionals a base de Plantes (MTP) o, si no està en el catàleg, cal considerar-lo que en el nostre país només apareix com a complement alimentari. El conjunt de l'experiència ha estat molt ben rebuda pels estudiants que hi han participat amb una bona satisfacció del resultat final malgrat dedicar-hi un temps molt limitat.  QUÈ ÉS UN COMPLEMENT ALIMENTARI MEDICAMENTÓS?: Com el seu nom indica, un complement alimentari és un aliment que es pot presentar en qualsevol de les formes farmacèutiques clàssiques (càpsules, pastilles, vials, etc.) i que té un efecte fisiològic o nutricional, amb l’objectiu final de presentar un benefici per a l'organisme. Com la mateixa definició indica, complementa una dieta variada i equilibrada i sempre s'ha de consumir d'acord amb les indicacions que apareixen al seu etiquetat extern. Els complements alimentaris poden contenir vitamines, minerals, aminoàcids, àcids grassos essencials, fibres i, darrerament, diverses plantes medicinals i extractes d’herbes remeieres. Els complements alimentaris contribueixen, faciliten i ajuden a mantenir un bon estat de salut sempre que es mantingui un estil de vida saludable a través d'una dieta variada i equilibrada, una activitat física regular i, per descomptat, que es segueixin les instruccions del fabricant pel que fa a la seva correcta dosificació. Encara que el terme correcte és "complement alimentari" també es coneix amb accepcions com a suplement alimentari o complement nutricional. Un complement alimentari mai és substitut d'una bona dieta. En circumstàncies normals, una dieta adequada i equilibrada hauria de proporcionar tots els nutrients necessaris per al normal desenvolupament i manteniment d'un organisme sa. Malgrat això, moltes investigacions han demostrat que aquesta situació ideal no es dona en la pràctica per a tots els nutrients, ni per a tots els grups de població. Alguns col·lectius com, per exemple, dones embarassades i/o lactants, dones amb menopausa, gent gran amb mobilitat reduïda, persones veganes i/o vegetarianes o esportistes amb una activitat física intensa, entre d'altres, poden tenir falta d'un o més nutrients o tenir necessitats nutricionals especials en determinats moments de la seva vida. En aquests casos, pot ser útil el consum d’un complement alimentari, sempre, a poder ser, amb el consell d’un professional de la salut com ho és un farmacèutic

A Scoring System to Determine Risk of Delayed Bleeding After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Large Colorectal Lesions.

After endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of colorectal lesions, delayed bleeding is the most common serious complication, but there are no guidelines for its prevention. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with delayed bleeding that required medical attention after discharge until day 15 and develop a scoring system to identify patients at risk. We performed a prospective study of 1214 consecutive patients with nonpedunculated colorectal lesions 20 mm or larger treated by EMR (n = 1255) at 23 hospitals in Spain, from February 2013 through February 2015. Patients were examined 15 days after the procedure, and medical data were collected. We used the data to create a delayed bleeding scoring system, and assigned a weight to each risk factor based on the β parameter from multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients were classified as being at low, average, or high risk for delayed bleeding. Delayed bleeding occurred in 46 cases (3.7%, 95% confidence interval, 2.7%-4.9%). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with delayed bleeding included age ≥75 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; P The risk of delayed bleeding after EMR of large colorectal lesions is 3.7%. We developed a risk scoring system based on 6 factors that determined the risk for delayed bleeding (receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.77). The factors most strongly associated with delayed bleeding were right-sided lesions, aspirin use, and mucosal defects not closed by hemoclips. Patients considered to be high risk (score, 8-10) had a 40% probability of delayed bleeding

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presented.ISSN:0029-5515ISSN:1741-432

Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd