Estado nutricional y su relación con las diferentes actividades físicas que practican los usuarios del gimnasio Enforma de la ciudad de Ibarra periodo 2017

Determinar el estado nutricional y su relación con las actividades físicas que realizan los usuarios del Gimnasio “Enforma” de la ciudad de Ibarra.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el estado nutricional y su relación con las actividades físicas que realizan los usuarios del Gimnasio “Enforma” de la ciudad de Ibarra. Fue un estudio no experimental, cuantitativo, descriptivo, y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 43 sujetos, entre ellos hombres y mujeres con edades entre los 18 a 39 años, la información fue recolectada en el mes de diciembre, para ello se usó un cuestionario estructurado por preguntas cerradas, en el que se recolecto datos sociodemográfico, características sobre las actividades físicas y para el consumo de alimentos se aplicó el método del recordatorio de 24 horas. La evaluación nutricional se realizó mediante indicadores antropométricos encontrando que el 74,42% presento un IMC normal. En cuanto al % de grasa corporal se pudo determinar que este es más alto en hombres que en mujeres. El riesgo cardiovascular en hombres y mujeres fue bajo. Se pudo determinar que la población presento una ingesta insuficiente de energía, proteína, carbohidratos y una sobrealimentación en grasa. Al relacionar el estado nutricional y el tipo de actividad física, se encontró un IMC normal en aquellos que realizan dos actividades compartidas 46,88%, al igual que los que practican bailoterapia 31,25%, se observó casos de sobrepeso en quienes desarrollan Fortalecimiento muscular 50%. El 80% de hombres presentaron un porcentaje de grasa corporal saludable y son aquellos que realizan fortalecimiento muscular, las mujeres que presentaron un porcentaje de grasa saludable desarrollan bailoterapia y 2 actividades compartidas. El riesgo cardiovascular en hombres fue bajo y son los que practican fortalecimiento muscular 61,54%. En el caso de las mujeres el 47,62% que practican bailoterapia, seguido por el 42,86% que practican dos actividades compartidas no presentan riesgo cardiovascular

Comparison of an Antioxidant Source and Antioxidant Plus BCAA on Athletic Performance and Post Exercise Recovery of Horses

Antioxidant supplementation decreases postexercise oxidative stress but could also decrease muscle pro- tein synthesis. This study compared the effects of three diets: low antioxidant (control, CON), high an- tioxidant (AO), and branched-chain amino acid high antioxidant (BCAO) supplementation on postexercise protein synthesis and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that supplementing antioxidants with branched- chain amino acids(BCAA) would reduce oxidative stress without hindering muscle protein synthesis. Eigh- teen mixed-breed polo horses (11 mares and 7 geldings, with age range between 5 and 18 years, were on CON diet for 30 days (from day -45 until day 0) and then were assigned to one of the treatments after the first lactate threshold test (day 0, LT). LT were also conducted on days 15 and 30 of supplemenation. Ox- idative stress was assessed by measuring blood glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and mal- ondialdehyde concentrations before 2 and 4 hours after each LT. Muscle biopsies were taken before and 4 hours after each LT and analyzed for gene expression of protein synthesis by RTqPCR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and compared by least-square means. A reduction in oxidative stress occurred over time ( P \u3c .05), from day 0 to day 30. An up-regulation in the abundance of muscle protein mRNA transcripts was found for CD36, CPT1, PDK4, MYF5, and MYOG ( P \u3c .05) after all lactate threshold tests, without a treat- ment effect. A treatment-by-exercise effect was observed for MYOD1 ( P = .0041). Transcript abundance was upregulated in AO samples post exercise compared to other treatments. MYF6 exhibited a time-by- treatment effect ( P = .045), where abundance increased more in AO samples from day 0 to day 15 and 30 compared to other treatments. Transcript abundance for metabolic and myogenic genes was upreg- ulated in post exercise muscle samples with no advantage from supplementation of antioxidants with branched-chain amino acids compared to antioxidants alone

Nuevos retos para la gestión administrativa pública y privada: responsabilidad social y finanzas sostenibles

Las nuevas tendencias financieras hacia la responsabilidad social y sostenibilidad han evolucionado en la última década; cada vez son mayores las investigaciones teóricas sobre las finanzas sostenibles que han nacido como una necesidad de sectores involucrados especialmente en los sistemas financieros mundiales. Bajo un enfoque metodológico descriptivo, el desarrollo de esta investigación en su primer momento identificó las principales prácticas de finanzas sostenibles a nivel internacional, así como relaciona y compara los estudios en zonas particulares de Sudamérica sobre sostenibilidad financiera, así como las propuestas elaboradas en este ámbito por entes y organizaciones relacionadas al sector. Aplicándose metodologías cualitativas, mediante técnicas como la revisión documental y la entrevista a expertos y con un diseño descriptivo no experimental de tipo transeccional, bajo la hipótesis propuesta de que al existir una normativa que direccioné las prácticas de finanzas sostenibles para los Bancos, estás serán mayormente evidenciadas. Como una conclusión final, el reto futuro de las instituciones financieras en América Latina y a nivel mundial, es establecer un sustento financiero y un compromiso estratégico con sistemas de finanzas sostenibles, que aseguren prácticas exitosas en cuanto a responsabilidad social e identificar el sentido inteligente de una inversión en proyectos de finanzas sostenibles, vinculándolas con un proceso de concientización social que sea dinámico y construido sobre la base de fundamentos teóricos combinados con propuestas técnicas solventes, eficientes y eficaces, en busca de un objetivo común.  Se finiquitó en que los eco productos o productos financieros verdes son un aporte importante para el logro de los proyectos de finanzas sostenibles y su inclusión a nivel mundial ha ido creciendo y perfeccionándose, así como se ha incrementado la aceptación y acceso por parte de los clientes y actores tanto de bancos privados como públicos

Sensory regulation of dopaminergic cell activity: Phenomenology, circuitry and function

Dopaminergic neurons in a range of species are responsive to sensory stimuli. In the anesthetized preparation, responses to non-noxious and noxious sensory stimuli are usually tonic in nature, although long-duration changes in activity have been reported in the awake preparation as well. However, in the awake preparation, short-latency, phasic changes in activity are most common. These phasic responses can occur to unconditioned aversive and non-aversive stimuli, as well as to the stimuli which predict them. In both the anesthetized and awake preparations, not all dopaminergic neurons are responsive to sensory stimuli, however responsive neurons tend to respond to more than a single stimulus modality. Evidence suggests that short-latency sensory information is provided to dopaminergic neurons by relatively primitive subcortical structures – including the midbrain superior colliculus for vision and the mesopontine parabrachial nucleus for pain and possibly gustation. Although short-latency visual information is provided to dopaminergic neurons by the relatively primitive colliculus, dopaminergic neurons can discriminate between complex visual stimuli, an apparent paradox which can be resolved by the recently discovered route of information flow through to dopaminergic neurons from the cerebral cortex, via a relay in the colliculus. Given that projections from the cortex to the colliculus are extensive, such a relay potentially allows the activity of dopaminergic neurons to report the results of complex stimulus processing from widespread areas of the cortex. Furthermore, dopaminergic neurons could acquire their ability to reflect stimulus value by virtue of reward-related modification of sensory processing in the cortex. At the forebrain level, sensory-related changes in the tonic activity of dopaminergic neurons may regulate the impact of the cortex on forebrain structures such as the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, the short latency of the phasic responses to sensory stimuli in dopaminergic neurons, coupled with the activation of these neurons by non-rewarding stimuli, suggests that phasic responses of dopaminergic neurons may provide a signal to the forebrain which indicates that a salient event has occurred (and possibly an estimate of how salient that event is). A stimulus-related salience signal could be used by downstream systems to reinforce behavioral choices

Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of $7\times 6\times 7.2$~m$^3$. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

COMAC: Educational Games for Children with ADD/ADHD

Previous research has shown that children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have unique difficulties that can make more traditional methods of teaching less effective. In this paper, we present a novel approach for designing computer games aimed at offering a more dynamic way of teaching ADD/ADHD diagnosed children, keeping them engaged and increasing their learning outcomes. The process of applying our design principles to two open source games (Aquaria and SuperTux) and our future plans will also be described

COVID-19 vaccine equity and the right to health for displaced Venezuelans in Latin America.

Given the magnitude of Venezuelan displacement in Latin America, there is a need to assess how migrants were, and will continue to be, addressed in COVID-19 vaccination policies. To explore migration status as a dimension of vaccine equity in Latin America and in relation to international human rights, we assessed national vaccination plans, peer-reviewed, and gray literature published between January 2020 and June 2021. Three key rights-related concerns were found to restrict the health rights of migrants in the region: 1) lack of prioritization of migrants in vaccine distribution; 2) onerous documentation requirements to be eligible for COVID-19 vaccination; and (3) how pervasive anti-migrant discrimination limited equitable health care access. While international human rights law prohibits against discrimination based on migration status, few countries analyzed realized their obligations to provide equal access to COVID-19 vaccines to non-citizens, including displaced Venezuelans. Especially for migrants and displaced people, effective and sustainable vaccination strategies for COVID-19 and future pandemics in Latin America must be guided not only by epidemiological risk but also seek to align with human rights obligations. To achieve this, States must also take special measures to facilitate vaccine access for communities facing systemic discrimination, exclusion, and marginalization