Puerto Rican Heritage in the Twentieth Century: Empire, Statecraft, and Resistance

Articulations of heritage are, among other things, rhetorical tools that explain the shape of the past and also plot out particular visions for the future. During “the American Century,” overlapping, intersecting, and conflicting interpretations of the Puerto Rican past have served, at turns, as a justification for US colonialism, as a call to revolutionary arms to overthrow the US government, and as expressions of numerous positions between.1 But always, narratives of the past reflect the positionality of the individuals and the political vision of the groups and agencies shaping it. This article provides a brief overview of the ways in which heritage has operated as a body of ideas and practices on the island in the twentieth century. Beginning with the US military occupation of 1898 and throughout the twentieth century, heritage has acted as a contest in which the hearts and minds of the Puerto Rican people have been the prize. A case study of Puerto Rican public history and collective memory provides an example of the ways in which narratives about the past operate within and on colonial power, grassroots movements and resistance, and in the arena of statecraft. This study of Puerto Rico adds to the growing body of scholarship on the role of heritage in the political arena, either in service of policymaking or cultural activism.2 This study also, and perhaps most centrally, reveals the ways in which discourse about the past is inherently political, and illuminates the ways that power flows through our interpretation of history

第二言語の語彙想起と発話における作業記憶能力の影響分析

The study addresses the question of how differences in the capacity of individuals’ working memory (WM) effects ability to recall vocabulary items and aid in oral output over short and longer terms. Participants initially took an OSPAN test (an adapted version of Daneman’s 1991 working memory speaking span test) using the PEBL battery with both OSCORE and TSCORE results used to create a high and low WM capacity experimental groups, followed by a vocabulary test, a treatment, and post-treatment testing. Tests were evaluated using a standardized university speaking test rubric with 2-way ANOVA run on the OSPAN outcomes of the top and bottom 30% of participants. Results show that although vocabulary test scores were equal at the pre-, post-, and delayed post-treatment testing stages between the two groups, high WM capacity participants consistently outscored lower capacity participants in speaking tests at all three testing stages.本研究は、個人の作業記憶能力の差異が、語彙を想起して発話する能力に短・長期的に如何に影響するかを探究するものである。被験者には、まずPEBL ソフトを用いたOSPAN テスト（Daneman 1991 のスピーキング・スパン・テストを応用）を受けてもらい、そのスコアに応じて作業記憶能力の高いグループと低いグループに分けた上で、語彙とスピーキングのテスト、トリートメント学習、学習後テストを受けてもらった。テスト結果は大学の統一基準に基づいて評価し、OSPAN テスト結果の上位と下位30％の被験者のスコアを比較する分散分析を行った。その結果、語彙テストに関しては、トリートメント学習前、直後、一週間後の両グループのスコアに差は見られなかった。しかし、スピーキング・テストに関しては、全ての段階において、作業記憶能力の高いグループが低いグループよりも高いスコアを得ていたことが分かった

Determinism and reactive attitudes: reflections on our alleged unrenounceable commitments

There seems to exist a tension between our metaphysical and phenomenological commitments in the free will debate. On the one hand, I argue that at the metaphysical level we cannot coherently defend the belief that we are morally responsible in the sense that we deserve to be rewarded and punished for our actions, where desert-entailing moral responsibility is the primary understanding of moral responsibility presupposed in the free will debate. I argue that we are responsible for our actions but only in the weaker sense, termed ‘attributability’ by Gary Watson. On the other hand, we are allegedly unrenounceably committed at the phenomenological level to conceiving of, and treating, ourselves and one another as morally responsible beings in the desert-entailing sense. P. F. Strawson famously defends this claim in his seminal work, ‘Freedom and Resentment’. In my thesis I will set out this tension by exploring both commitments in turn. I then aim to show that the tension can be dissolved by arguing, contra P. F. Strawson, that our phenomenological commitment is not in fact unrenounceable. The dissolution of this tension entails, I argue, that we must examine our conception of self and other. We must explore the implications of adopting a position which denies that we are morally responsible beings for our life-hopes, personal feelings, inter-personal relationships and projects. Most importantly, I argue that we must renounce our current retributive condemnatory practices which are based on the unjustified belief that we are morally responsible beings

Theorizing the Body: Developing a Framework for Understanding the Body in Online Learning Environments

This paper examines how five elements of the body (physical, personal, political, knowledgeable and expressive) have been understood in face-to-face learning contexts and how they could be examined in online learning contexts to create inclusive learning environments

Searching the Biological Literature

Table of Contents. Chapter 1. Organization of the Scientific Literature and the Flow of Information in the Sciences. Chapter 2. Primary Sources. Chapter 3. Reference Sources. Chapter 4. Databases. Chapter 5. Basic Principles of Searching and Search Logic Chapter 6. Citation Indexes and Citation Searching . Chapter 7. The Citation Concept and its Impact on Society Chapter 8. Resources on the World Wide Web Chapter 9. U. S. Government Publications Chapter 10. Lessons Learned Inde

Exploring Women’s Experiences of Online Learning Using Photography and an Online Focus Group

In this roundtable, I consider methodological questions about integrating photo-assisted interviews and an online focus group to examine women’s experiences of learning online

Distance Learning: Access and Inclusion Issues

This paper critically examines the rhetoric of business, government and post-secondary institutions promoting distance learning as accessible to anyone, from anywhere at anytime. Three themes are examined in providing an alternate perspective to the dominant rhetoric: inclusivity and democracy, accessibility and flexibility, and cost effectiveness

Vertex Models and Random Labyrinths: Phase Diagrams for Ice-type Vertex Models

We propose a simple geometric recipe for constructing phase diagrams for a general class of vertex models obeying the ice rule. The disordered phase maps onto the intersecting loop model which is interesting in its own right and is related to several other statistical mechanical models. This mapping is also useful in understanding some ordered phases of these vertex models as they correspond to the polymer loop models with cross-links in their vulcanised phase.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Critical frontier of the Potts and percolation models in triangular-type and kagome-type lattices I: Closed-form expressions

We consider the Potts model and the related bond, site, and mixed site-bond percolation problems on triangular-type and kagome-type lattices, and derive closed-form expressions for the critical frontier. For triangular-type lattices the critical frontier is known, usually derived from a duality consideration in conjunction with the assumption of a unique transition. Our analysis, however, is rigorous and based on an established result without the need of a uniqueness assumption, thus firmly establishing all derived results. For kagome-type lattices the exact critical frontier is not known. We derive a closed-form expression for the Potts critical frontier by making use of a homogeneity assumption. The closed-form expression is new, and we apply it to a host of problems including site, bond, and mixed site-bond percolation on various lattices. It yields exact thresholds for site percolation on kagome, martini, and other lattices, and is highly accurate numerically in other applications when compared to numerical determination.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figure

Financing a practice

Financing a practic