The Digital Avatar on a Blockchain: E-Identity, Anonymity and Human Dignity

Finanzdienstleister sammeln immer größere Mengen an Daten von ihren Kunden, um konform mit speziellen Rechtsakten (eIDAS Verordnung, Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie, Geldwäscherichtlinie) zu handeln und Risiken zu minimieren. Die durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung zunehmenden technischen Möglichkeiten der Datensammlung werfen Bedenken auf im Hinblick auf die Grundsätze der Verhältnismäßigkeit, Notwendigkeit und Datenminimierung. Über die Vereinbarkeit mit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung hinaus ergeben sich jedoch weiterreichende Probleme, da bestimmte Identitätsarchitekturen und deren technische Umsetzungen potentiell die Rechte und Freiheiten einzelner beinträchtigen sowie ethische Fragestellungen aufwerfen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert Aspekte digitaler Identität am Beispiel einer Distributed Ledger- beziehungsweise Blockchain-Architektur für die Registrierung neuer Kunden durch Finanzdienstleister, wo mithilfe von Hashing-Algorithmen individuelle Identifikatoren aus spezifischen Datenpunkten der Kunden gewonnen werden, die schließlich für Zwecke der Nachvollziehbarkeit und Überprüfbarkeit unveränderlich in der Datenstruktur gespeichert werden. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung in das Verständnis von Identität im digitalen Raum und der Anwendbarkeit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung auf eine distribuierten Datenstruktur wird eine kritische Betrachtung der Entwicklung aus rechtlicher und soziologischer Perspektive vorgenommen, dass zunehmend die Mobiltelefone der Kunden von Finanzdienstleistern als Schnittstellen zu Blockchain-Netzwerken dienen. Die Diskussion reicht über die Frage digitaler Identität im Finanzsektor hinaus und zeigt die Notwendigkeit auf, angemessene und verhältnismäßige rechtliche Bestimmungen zu schaffen, die das Individuum effektiv vor Grundrechtsverletzungen vor dem Hintergrund der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung schützen.In order to comply with specific regulations (eIDAS, Payment Services Directive, Anti-Money Laundering Directive) and reduce risk profiles, financial service providers increasingly collect large amounts of information from their customers. The increasing opportunities and technical means for data collection afforded from digitalisation raise legal concerns related to proportionality, necessity, and data minimization. However, the concerns go beyond just GDPR compliance and legislative balance, as distinct architectures and technological deployments potentially impact rights, freedoms, and ethics. This paper will address the issue by examining aspects of digital identity, especially those that have proposed the use of a permissioned distributed ledger or blockchain as architecture for know your customer and onboarding evidential frameworks, using specific hashing schemes that derive unique identifiers from the combination of specific personal data points. Evidence is appended to a data structure, for the purpose of auditing and/or record keeping, potentially ensuring an immutable record of events is maintained. After elaborating on the notion of identity in the digital sphere and the applicability of the GDPR to such a data structure, the discussion will be developed to critically assess the current trend towards using the financial institutions’ customers’ mobile devices as interfaces to the distributed data structure and the legal and sociological implications of this technological development. The potential impact of the analysis goes beyond digital identity within the finance sector, positioning the discussion towards approaches for e-governance and the regulation of digital identity in a way that human dignity is preserved and the risks of creating a ubiquitous “digital avatar” are adequately addressed by the law

Ellipses: Multi-dimensional filter, fracture, and dilution of a nodalistic body

Este artigo personaliza, reflete, e analisa criticamente a obra Elipses, um projeto pertencente ao concerto de performances chamado Corpo Tele-Sonoro. A produção foi criada, dirigida e realizado por Ivani Santana, sendo essa sua pesquisa de pós-doutorado no Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC). Certas tensões técnicas e logísticas serão o foco; uma tentativa de conceitualizar o sentido imbuídos de perda relacional e inter-relacional. A fragmentação da corporalidade e da cognição provocada através do filtro multi-dimensional e de diluição. Esta hipótese será fundamentada no conceito de nodalismo, desenvolvido por Philip Gochenour (Gochenour, 2005; Gochenour, 2006; Gochenour, 2008) e, mais tarde, apropriada para os domínios da prática de música experimental por Adkins e d'Escrivan (2013 ; Adkins, 2014A; Adkins, 2014b). Ela também irá promover as noções abstratas de fragmentação e fratura como discutido por Schroeder e Rebelo (2009). A conclusão desse artigo será que o desempenho consistiu em uma série de redes interagindo, intercedendo e interconectadas, cujos agentes são atravessadas por meio e entre. Esta transferência de rede multi-dimensional levou a tensões do projeto; fractura, filtro, diluição e fragmentação

Conceptual and Methodological Framework for a Digital Identity and Life-Course Study

The Digital Identity and Life-Course Study (DIALCS) project seeks to set the conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations for a longitudinal life-course study focused on perceptions of, attitudes to, and behaviours with digital identity technology. This longitudinal study will repeatedly record data from a cohort of participants over a period of time to detect changes in the way they perceive and engage with digital identity technologies. No research has previously examined the adoption and engagement with digital identity technologies over the life-course. Generating such data would be essential not only to better understand citizens’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviours towards digital identity, and how these change over time, but also to analyse the impact of emerging and future digital identity technologies in the way people perceive, feel and develop their ‘self’ identity in digital settings. The research design of this project is structured in three stages. First, we undertook a rapid evidence assessment of studies on digital identity over the life-course. This was done to identify common themes in the literature, and most importantly, to highlight important gaps in research, which our study will aim to address. Second, we completed a conceptual mapping exercise aimed at linking the most common key terms in psycho-social theories of ‘self’ and digital identity IT frameworks. This second stage allowed us to identify key constructs that form the core of digital identity, both in psycho-social and technology frameworks. Finally, we ran a series of consultation meetings with domain experts in digital identity and longitudinal research methods. This was done to reach expert consensus on the conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations for a longitudinal cohort study of digital identity over the life-course. After completing all of these, the following top-level recommendations were reached: ● The study should, where possible, enable descriptive analysis of key terms included in digital identity IT frameworks, government policies, and psycho-social theories of ‘self’. ● The study should follow a longitudinal life-course research design. ● The sample size should be large enough to enable population-level estimates and anticipate common attrition issues. Participants will be recruited at the age of 10. ● The sampling approach should follow a stratified random sampling. ● The study should use a combination of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), and face-to-face interviewing. ● The questionnaire should have two parts: ‘general screening form’ and ‘digital identity form(s)’. ● The study should include measures of use of digital devices, digital access to various platforms, perceptions about digital identity technologies, digital literacy, parental control, experiences with digital technologies, and detailed follow-up questions about the various observed ‘digital identities’ of respondents. The impact of the DIALCS will be substantial for scholarly understanding of digital identity, as well as for industry and policy. From an academic perspective, recording longitudinal data on perceptions, attitudes and behaviours with digital identity, both quantitative and qualitative, will enable researchers to address vital questions such as “what drives digital ‘self’ identity over the life-course?”, “how do people construct their ‘self’ identity in cyberspace?”, “what drives people’s decisions to engage with certain digital identity technologies but not others?”, “what are people’s perceptions of security and privacy with respect to digital identity technologies (and how these affect the construction of digital identity)?”, and “what indicators represent use and experience of digital identity (e.g., interactions per pseudonym, pseudonym time-lived, etc.)?

Conceptual and Methodological Framework for a Digital Identity and Life-Course Study

The Digital Identity and Life-Course Study (DIALCS) project seeks to set the conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations for a longitudinal life-course study focused on perceptions of, attitudes to, and behaviours with digital identity technology. This longitudinal study will repeatedly record data from a cohort of participants over a period of time to detect changes in the way they perceive and engage with digital identity technologies. No research has previously examined the adoption and engagement with digital identity technologies over the life-course. Generating such data would be essential not only to better understand citizens’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviours towards digital identity, and how these change over time, but also to analyse the impact of emerging and future digital identity technologies in the way people perceive, feel and develop their ‘self’ identity in digital settings. The research design of this project is structured in three stages. First, we undertook a rapid evidence assessment of studies on digital identity over the life-course. This was done to identify common themes in the literature, and most importantly, to highlight important gaps in research, which our study will aim to address. Second, we completed a conceptual mapping exercise aimed at linking the most common key terms in psycho-social theories of ‘self’ and digital identity IT frameworks. This second stage allowed us to identify key constructs that form the core of digital identity, both in psycho-social and technology frameworks. Finally, we ran a series of consultation meetings with domain experts in digital identity and longitudinal research methods. This was done to reach expert consensus on the conceptual, theoretical and methodological foundations for a longitudinal cohort study of digital identity over the life-course. After completing all of these, the following top-level recommendations were reached: ● The study should, where possible, enable descriptive analysis of key terms included in digital identity IT frameworks, government policies, and psycho-social theories of ‘self’. ● The study should follow a longitudinal life-course research design. ● The sample size should be large enough to enable population-level estimates and anticipate common attrition issues. Participants will be recruited at the age of 10. ● The sampling approach should follow a stratified random sampling. ● The study should use a combination of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), and face-to-face interviewing. ● The questionnaire should have two parts: ‘general screening form’ and ‘digital identity form(s)’. ● The study should include measures of use of digital devices, digital access to various platforms, perceptions about digital identity technologies, digital literacy, parental control, experiences with digital technologies, and detailed follow-up questions about the various observed ‘digital identities’ of respondents. The impact of the DIALCS will be substantial for scholarly understanding of digital identity, as well as for industry and policy. From an academic perspective, recording longitudinal data on perceptions, attitudes and behaviours with digital identity, both quantitative and qualitative, will enable researchers to address vital questions such as “what drives digital ‘self’ identity over the life-course?”, “how do people construct their ‘self’ identity in cyberspace?”, “what drives people’s decisions to engage with certain digital identity technologies but not others?”, “what are people’s perceptions of security and privacy with respect to digital identity technologies (and how these affect the construction of digital identity)?”, and “what indicators represent use and experience of digital identity (e.g., interactions per pseudonym, pseudonym time-lived, etc.)?

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Early to middle triassic ichtyopterygians from the Sulphur Mountain formation of east-central British Columbia, Canada: phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Bibliography: p. 233-248A few pages are in colour

Amalgam – Técnicas colaborativas dentro de espacios cooperativos

This paper describes the outcomes of a residency in which three participants combined their practices within three disparate areas of sonic art. During the residency, a fourth “performer” was added to represent the host building in the form of its wireless internet data and a framework was developed to facilitate this metaphor whilst integrating distinct aesthetic considerations. This culminated in a series of live performances entitled Amalgam, which is described in the context of both collaboration and cooperation. Discourse surrounding network affordance, authorship and the use of non-musical data is also explored