Redescoberta da espécie supostamente extinta de formigas, Simopelta minima (Brandão) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), com uma discussão sobre raridade e estado de conservação de espécies de formigas

Simopelta minima (Brandão, 1989) was originally described based on four workers collected in soil samples from a small cocoa plantation in Ilhéus, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. In the subsequent years after the description, this cocoa plantation was eliminated and the species was then considered extinct by the Brazilian environmental institutions. The recent rediscovery of S. minima workers in subterranean pitfall trap samples from Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, over 1.000 km distant from type locality, suggests that the rarity and vulnerability status of some ant species may be explained by insufficient sampling of adequate microhabitats, in time and space.Simopelta minima (Brandão, 1989) foi originalmente descrita com base em quatro operárias coletadas em amostras de solo provenientes de uma pequena plantação de cacau localizada em Ilhéus, Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Nos anos seguintes à descrição, esta pequena plantação de cacau foi eliminada e a espécie passou a ser considerada extinta pelas instituições ambientais brasileiras. Recentemente foram coletadas operárias de Simopelta minima em amostras de armadilhas subterrâneas do tipo "pitfall", em Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, a mais de 1.000 km de distância da localidade tipo. Esta redescoberta sugere que o status de raridade e/ou vulnerabilidade atribuído a algumas espécies de formigas pode ser explicado pela amostragem insuficiente de microhabitats adequados, no tempo e no espaço.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNPqFAPEMIGFAPES

The Ant Genus Sphinctomyrmex

The ant genus Sphinctomyrmex has been represented in the Neotropical Region until now by a single species, S. stali, known only from sparse localities in southeastern Brazil. Two new neotropical species are herein described, S. marcoyi sp. n. and S. schoerederi sp. n. from workers collected in the Brazilian Amazon and Atlantic Forest, respectively. New records for Sphinctomyrmex stali are presented, and the species is redescribed together with discussions on its high morphological variation and the identity of its type specimen. A key for the neotropical Sphinctomyrmex workers, images of all species presently known, and a distribution map are supplied

6ª Diretriz de monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e 4ª diretriz de monitorização residencial da pressão arterial

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I Diretrizes do Grupo de Estudos em Cardiogeriatria da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

O idoso apresenta características próprias na manifestação das doenças, na resposta à terapêutica e no efeito colateral dos medicamentos. Constitui um grupo de maior risco para o aparecimento das doenças degenerativas, em geral, e cardiovasculares, em particular, além de apresentar maior número de comorbidades

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Lachnomyrmex mackayi Feitosa & Brandao, new species

<i>Lachnomyrmex mackayi</i> Feitosa & Brandão, new species <p>Figures 10, 19</p> <p> <b>Holotype worker. PANAMA: Chiriqui</b>: Bocas del Toro, Cont. Div., 9.vi.1995, R. Anderson col., no. 17840, specimen code CASENT0173883 [MCZC].</p> <p> <b>Paratypes. PANAMA: Chiriqui</b>: 20.4km N. San Félix, 8.vi.1995, R. Anderson col., no. 17767 (1 worker) [WPMC].</p> <p> <b>Worker diagnosis.</b> Body covered by continuous vermiculate rugae; in lateral view, petiolar node considerably elevated and subtriangular; dorsum of postpetiole with more than 10 long hairs; subpostpetiolar process moderately developed; first tergite of gaster with of long flexuous hairs restricted to the anterior third.</p> <p> <b>Holotype measurements.</b> HL 0.68; HW 0.65; ML 0.22; SL 0.44; EL 0.17; WL 0.79; PSL 0.18; PL 0.31; PPL 0.17; GL 0.88; TL 3.06; CI 95; SI 68; OI 26.</p> <p> <b>Worker measurements</b> (n=1). HL 0.61; HW 0.60; ML 0.20; SL 0.39; EL 0.14; WL 0.72; PSL 0.16; PL 0.27; PPL 0.14; GL 0.74; TL 2.69; CI 97; SI 66; OI 24.</p> <p> <b>Worker description.</b> Color light reddish-brown, with yellowish appendages. Head and mesosoma finely covered by continuous, vermiculate rugae, transverse on anterior portion of pronotum, grading to longitudinal on rest of promesonotum, mesopleura and lateral surfaces of propodeum; mandibles with few and short longitudinal striae restricted to basal portion; petiole and postpetiole irregularly rugose. Abundant pilosity on head and dorsum of promesonotum; petiolar node with about six long hairs; dorsum of postpetiole with more than 10 long hairs; first tergite of gaster with long flexuous hairs restricted to the most anterior portion, near the insertion of postpetiole.</p> <p>Head slightly longer than broad, with vertexal margin only moderately convex; frontal lobes weakly rounded laterally; eyes comparatively large, with approximately eight facets at greatest diameter. Promesonotum gently convex in profile; metanotal groove relatively narrow and deeply impressed; propodeal spines mostly straight, with apexes minimally directed upwards; teeth of propodeal lobes swollen basally, with about half-length of propodeal spines. Petiolar node elevated and subtriangular in dorsal view; dorsum of postpetiole strongly convex and with a discrete anteroventral projection, directed anteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Gyne.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named after Dr. William “Bill” Mackay, myrmecologist at the University of Texas, El Paso. Mackay sent us important material for this study, including the type series of this species.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> The absence of a median prominence on the dorsum of postpetiole and the presence of long flexuous hairs on the first tergite of gaster separate this species from the related <i>Lachnomyrmex haskinsi</i> and <i>L. regularis</i>. In addition, the cited species bear less than 10 long hairs on the postpetiole dorsum. <i>Lachnomyrmex mackayi</i> is also similar to <i>L. fernandezi</i>; however, the latter has the petiolar node rounded dorsally and the long flexuous hairs covering the entire surface of the first gastral tergite.</p> <p>The only two collections of this species so far were extracted from the leaf litter of wet montane forests of Panama.</p>Published as part of <i>Feitosa, Rodrigo M. & Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., 2008, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1890</i> on page 27, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184304">10.5281/zenodo.184304</a&gt

Lachnomyrmex plaumanni Borgmeier 1957

<i>Lachnomyrmex plaumanni</i> Borgmeier, 1957 <p>Figures 14, 19</p> <p> <i>Lachnomyrmex plaumanni</i> Borgmeier, 1957: 125, fig. 47. Syntypes, BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaya, i.1956, Dr. Barth col. (2 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP] (examined); Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia, iv.1954, F. Plaumann col. (3 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP] (examined, 1 worker here designated <b>lectotype</b> in order to improve nomenclatural stability); same locality, xi.1954, F. Plaumann col. nos. 66111/64824 (1 worker and 1 gyne) [USNM] (examined); same data (1 worker) [MZSP] (examined); same data (2 workers) [MCZC] (not examined).</p> <p> <b>Worker diagnosis.</b> Body sparsely covered by short, fine rugae; promesonotum elevated minimally above propodeum level; apex of propodeal spines curved downwards; teeth of propodeal lobes swollen and extremely reduced; dorsum of postpetiole with about six long hairs; first tergite of gaster entirely devoid of long flexuous hairs.</p> <p> <b>Lectotype measurements.</b> HL 0.65; HW 0.63; ML 0.19; SL 0.38; EL 0.11; WL 0.71; PSL 0.14; PL 0.30; PPL 0.14; GL 0.79; TL 2.77; CI 97; SI 60; OI 17.</p> <p> <b>Worker measurements</b> (n=58). HL 0.57–0.69; HW 0.57–0.68; ML 0.17–0.20; SL 0.35–0.42; EL 0.09– 0.14; WL 0.61–0.80; PSL 0.13–0.15; PL 0.25–0.35; PPL 0.11–0.14; GL 0.68–0.93; TL 2.51–3.07; CI 96–101; SI 56–65; OI 14–22.</p> <p> <b>Gyne measurements</b> (n=20). HL 0.58–0.71; HW 0.58–0.71; ML 0.17–0.25; SL 0.36–0.44; EL 0.13– 0.19; WL 0.73–0.91; PSL 0.13–0.16; PL 0.30–0.39; PPL 0.13–0.16; GL 0.79–1.02; TL 3.45–2.70; CI 97–102; SI 58–62; OI 21–28.</p> <p> <b>Worker description.</b> Color light reddish-brown to dark brown, with appendages lighter. Body sparsely covered by irregular short rugae, somewhat longer and longitudinal on head dorsum; mandibles with short longitudinal striae restricted to basal portion; petiole and postpetiole finely and irregularly rugose. Abundant pilosity on head and promesonotum dorsum; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole with about four and six long hairs, respectively; first gastral tergite entirely devoid of long flexuous hairs.</p> <p>Head as long as broad, with vertexal margin strongly convex; frontal lobes laterally rounded; eyes with about six facets on maximum diameter. Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, only discretely higher than level of propodeum; metanotal groove shallow to virtually obsolete; apex of propodeal spines distinctly curved downwards; teeth of propodeal lobes swollen and reduced, with less than one-third of propodeal spines length. Petiolar node moderately elevated, dorsally rounded, and with the posterior face weakly sloped in lateral view; postpetiole feebly convex dorsally and without ventral processes.</p> <p> <b>Gyne.</b> Differing from worker by the larger eyes, with around 12 facets at maximum diameter; propodeal spines relatively wider basally and with the apexes only minimally curved downwards.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Father Thomas Borgmeier (1957) named this species in honor of the Lithuanian entomologist, Fritz Plaumann (1902–1994), collector of the <i>L. plaumanni</i> type-series and known for his exhaustive work on the insect fauna of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Plaumann is considered the most important insect collector of Latin America in the 20th century.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> <i>Lachnomyrmex plaumanni</i> is one of the smallest species in the genus and can be immediately recognized by the combination of sparse sculpturation, propodeal spines curved downwards, and dorsum of postpetiole with about six long hairs.</p> <p>This is species has been collected from northern Argentina to southeastern Brazil, along the submontane areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (400–1200m).</p> <p> Despite the constant presence of <i>L. plaumanni</i> in leaf liter samples from the Atlantic Forest, all attempts to maintain colonies in artificial conditions so far have failed. Gynes and workers usually die a few days after capture. There is a single record of a <i>L. plaumanni</i> worker foraging in the vegetation. It was collected manually in a bromeliad fixed in a high live tree from Serra do Itapeti, state of São Paulo, Brazil (M.S. Morini, pers. comm.).</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined. ARGENTINA: Missiones</b>: 20km SE Pto. Iguazu, 31.xii.1990, S. Peck & J. Peck cols, no. 1660/CASENT0006151 (1 worker, examined by images) [CASC]; <b>BRAZIL: Paraná</b>: Morretes, P.E. do Pau-Oco, 25º34'05''S 48º53'19''W, 6–11.v.2002, R.R. Silva & B.H. Dietz cols, nos. 22/24 (2 workers) [MZSP]; Tunas, P. das Lauráceas, 24º51'16''S 48º43'00''W, 21–29.ii.2001, R.R. Silva & F. Eberhardt cols, nos. 1/ 6/19/34 /42 (5 workers and 2 gynes) [MZSP]; <b>Santa Catarina</b>: Blumenau, P.E. das Nascentes, 27º06'15''S 49º09'14''W, 20–27.x.2000, R.R. Silva & F. Eberhardt cols, no. 31 (1 worker) [MZSP]; same locality, 27º01–06'S, 49º01–10'W, 10.ii.2001, F. Eberhardt col., no. 10 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Chapecó, vii-viii.1960, F. Plaumann col., no. 8333 (5 workers) [MZSP]; Concórdia, ix.1959, F. Plaumann col., no. 8296 (2 workers) [MZSP]; Ibicaré, viii.1959, F. Plaumann col., no. 3128 (3 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, ix.1960, no. 3619 (2 workers) [MZSP]; Linha Facão, v.1957, F. Plaumann col. (1 worker e 1 gyne) [MZSP]; Morro do Serro, xii.1958, F. Plaumann col., no. 8318 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Nova Teutônia, ix.1954, F. Plaumann col., no. 8216 (8 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; same locality, v-xii.1957, F. Plaumann col. (9 workers and 2 gynes) [MZSP]; same locality, vii.1958, F. Plaumann col. (1 worker and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; same locality, v.1960, F. Plaumann col. (2 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; same locality, vi.1963, F. Plaumann col., no. 3755 (1 worker) [MZSP]; same locality, iv.1972, F. Plaumann col., no. 8000 (1 worker and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; same locality, vi.1963, F. Plaumann col., no. 3755 (1 worker) [MZSP]; same locality, iv.1976, F. Plaumann col., no. 13629 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Palhoça, P.E. da Serra do Tabuleiro, 27º44'28''S 48º41'50''W, 2–10.vi.2003, R.R. Silva, B.H. Dietz & A.A. Tavares cols, nos. 2/ 9/10/14 (4 workers) [MZSP]; São Bento do Sul, A.P.A. Rio Vermelho, 26º21'51''S 49º16'16''W, 30.iii–4.iv.2001, R.R. Silva & F. Eberhardt cols, nos. 4/25/29 /31/32/33/34/35/38/44/46/48/49 (12 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; same data, no. 25 (1 worker) [INBC]; same data, no. 29 (1 worker) [MIZA]; same data, no. 46 (1 worker) [MPEG]; Seara, viii.1958, F. Plaumann col. (3 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, v-xii.1998, R.R. Silva col. (4 workers) [MZSP]; <b>São Paulo</b>: Cananéia, P.E. da Ilha do Cardoso, 18– 24.xi.2002, 25º05'48''S 47º55'47''W, R.R. Silva, C.R.F. Brandão & C. Scott cols, nos. 1/ 7/13/16 /18/25/28/34/ 43/48 (8 workers and 3 gynes) [MZSP]; same data, no. 7 (1 worker) [AMNH]; same data, no. 13 (1 worker) [BMNH]; same data, no. 25 (1 worker) [CASC]; same data, no. 28 (1 worker) [CPDC]; same data, no. 43 (1 worker) [ICNC]; same data, no. 48 (1 worker) [IHVL]; Cunha, P.E. da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Indaiá, 23º15'03''S 45º00'26''W, 21–22.iv.2001, R.R. Silva & A.A. Tavares cols, nos. 5/11/19 /32/43 (7 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; Iguape, E.E. Juréia-Itatins, Núcleo Rio Verde, 24º32'39''S 47º14'08''W, 5–15.ii.2001, R.R. Silva & A.A. Tavares cols, nos. 4/22/25 /27 (3 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; Miracatu, Serra do Mar, Clube Pesca & Cia, 4–7.ix.2004, R.M. Feitosa col., nos. 1/ 9/11/12 (10 workers and 2 gynes) [MZSP]; Mogi das Cruzes, P.N.M. da Serra do Itapeti, 20.v.2003, 23º29'22''S 46º11'55"W, M.S. Morini col., no. 8 (1 worker) [MSMC]; Praia Grande, P.E. da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Pilões, 23º58'31''S 46º32'24''W, 26–27.v.2001, R.R. Silva & A.A. Tavares cols, nos. 5/10/13 /24/35/36/39/41 (12 workers) [MZSP]; Ribeirão Grande, P.E. Intervales, Barra Grande, 24º18'30''S 48º25'10''W, 2.ii.1999, A.A. Tavares col., nos. T1 3/ 7/16/17 /22/23–T2 1/4/ 7/ 12/ 13 /14/15/17/18 (21 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; Salesópolis, E.B.B. Boracéia, 23º31'S 45º50'W, 2– 6.v.1997, D. Agosti, C.R.F. Brandão & C.I. Yamamoto cols, nos. 5/7/ 9/15/16 (8 workers and 2 gynes) [MZSP]; same data, no. 5 (1 worker) [MUSM]; same data, no. 15 (1 worker) [USNM]; same data, no. 16 (1 worker) [WMPC]; same locality, 12–17.vi.1997, B.H. Dietz & C.I. Yamamoto cols, nos. 7/10/13 /14/16/17/25 (15 workers and 2 gynes) [MZSP]; same locality 5–7.vii.1997, C.I. Yamamoto col., no. 9 (2 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, 20–26.x.1997, C. Klingenberg & C.I. Yamamoto cols, nos. 10/13/21 (3 workers) [MZSP]; Serra dos Agudos Grandes, xi.1963, F. Plaumann col., no. 3865 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Tapiraí, 24º01'55''S 47º27'56''W, 8–14.i.2001, R.R. Silva & F. Eberhardt cols, nos. 1/2/5/ 8/11/12 /13/14/15/16/22/23/ 24/27/29/31/33/34/36/39/40/24/44/47/50 (35 workers and 6 gynes) [MZSP]; Ubatuba, P.E. da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, 23º20'10''S 44º50'15''W, C.R.F. Brandão <i>et al.</i> cols, nos. 23/24 (2 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, 23º18'21''S 44º48'25''W, 5.i.2006, C.P. Scott & E.F. Santos cols, nos. 2/7 (3 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, 23º17'54''S 44º47'49''W, 23.i.2006, C.P. Scott & E.F. Santos cols, nos. 1/7 (5 workers) [MZSP]; same locality, 23º17'49''S 44º47'31''W, 26.i.2006, C.P. Scott & E.F. Santos cols, no. 9 (1 worker) [MZSP]; same locality, 23º17'56''S 44º47'13''W, 7.iii.2006, C.P. Scott & E.F. Santos cols, nos. 3/8/9 (6 workers and 1 gyne) [MZSP]; <b>Rio Janeiro</b>: Nova Iguaçu, ReBio Tinguá, 22º34'14''S 43º24'51''W, 4.ii.2002, A. Mayhé & S. Veiga- Ferreira cols, no. A32 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Sta. Maria Madalena, P.E. do Desengano, 21º58'41''S 41º57'00''W, x.2002, A. Mayhé & S. Veiga-Ferreira cols, nos. 1/ 2/14/18 /22 (5 workers) [MZSP].</p>Published as part of <i>Feitosa, Rodrigo M. & Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., 2008, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1890</i> on pages 34-37, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184304">10.5281/zenodo.184304</a&gt

Lachnomyrmex amazonicus Feitosa & Brandao, new species

<i>Lachnomyrmex amazonicus</i> Feitosa & Brandão, new species <p>Figures 2, 20</p> <p> <b>Holotype worker. BRAZIL: Pará</b>: Parauapebas, Fl. Nacional de Carajás, Garagem, 06º02'54''S 50º04'55''W, 25.iv–02.v.2008, Rogério R. Silva col., no. 5 [MZSP].</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> same data as holotype, no. 1 (1 worker) [CASC]; same data, no. 4 (1 worker) [CPDC]; same data (1 worker) [ICNC]; same data, no. 5 (1 worker) [USNM]; same data (1 worker) [WMPC]; same data, nos. 1/2/3/4/5 (5 workers and 3 gynes) [MZSP]; <b>BRAZIL: Amazonas</b>: Manaus, 22.ix.1993, A.B. Casimiro col., no. 4829 (1 worker) [INPA]; iii-iv.1994, R. Didham col. (3 workers) [BMNH]; same data (1 worker) [MZSP]; <b>Mato Grosso</b>: Alta Floresta, 10º47'S 56º49'W, 28.iv.1999, H.L. Vasconcelos col. (1 worker) [INPA]; <b>Pará</b>: Melgaço, Caxiuanã, 1º44'9''S 51º29'15"W, 27–29.i.2003, A.Y. Harada, E.P. Fagundes, P. Batra, R. Calisto & Mó cols, no. 5 [MPEG]; 1º45'15''S 51º31'20"W, 23–25.i.2004, A.Y. Harada, E. P. Fagundes, R. Calisto & Mó cols, no. 5 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Parauapebas, Fl. Nacional de Carajás, Casa de Hóspedes, 06º03'41''S 50º03'13''W, 25.iv–02.v.2008, Rogério R. Silva col., no. 1 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Núcleo Urbano, 06º03'53''S 50º03'42''W, 25.iv–02.v.2008, Rogério R. Silva col., no. 1 (1 worker) [MZSP]; Zoobotânico, 06º03'41''S 50º03'13''W, 25.iv–02.v.2008, Rogério R. Silva col., no. 1 (1 worker) [MZSP].</p> <p> <b>Worker diagnosis.</b> Body irregularly rugose; promesonotum in profile elevated well above the level of propodeum; metanotal groove weakly impressed to obsolete; propodeal spines slightly directed upwards; teeth of propodeal lobes reduced; dorsum of postpetiole with more than 10 long, flexuous hairs; first gastral tergite entirely devoid of long hairs.</p> <p> <b>Holotype measurements.</b> HL 0.58; HW 0.58; ML 0.16; SL 0.31; EL 0.11; WL 0.66; PSL 0.14; PL 0.28; PPL 0.13; GL 0.76; TL 2.57; CI 100; SI 54; OI 18.</p> <p> <b>Worker measurements</b> (n=6). HL 0.52–0.66; HW 0.54–0.66; ML 0.16–0.21; SL 0.31–0.41; EL 0.08– 0.13; WL 0.57–0.74; PSL 0.11–0.17; PL 0.22–0.29; PPL 0.12–0.15; GL 0.68–0.82; TL 2.26–2.84; CI 100– 103; SI 50–63; OI 13–19.</p> <p> <b>Worker description.</b> Color dark reddish-brown to blackish, with waist and gaster slightly lighter; appendages yellowish to light brown. Body densely covered by vermiculate short rugae, forming irregular areolae on promesonotum; rugae somewhat longer and longitudinal on head dorsum, and slightly sparser on mesopleura and lateral surfaces of propodeum; mandibles with short longitudinal striae restricted to basal portion; petiole and postpetiole finely and irregularly rugose. Abundant pilosity on head and mesosoma dorsum; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole each with more than 10 long, flexuous hairs; first gastral tergite entirely devoid of long hairs.</p> <p>Head as long as broad, with vertexal margin weakly convex; frontal lobes laterally rounded; eyes with about seven facets on maximum diameter. Promesonotum strongly convex in profile, elevated well above the level of propodeum; metanotal groove shallow to virtually obsolete; propodeal spines slightly directed upwards; teeth of propodeal lobes reduced, with around one-third of propodeal spines length. Petiolar node moderately elevated, dorsally rounded, and with the posterior face weakly sloped in lateral view; postpetiole feebly convex dorsally and without ventral processes.</p> <p> <b>Gyne.</b> Differing from worker by the larger eyes, with around 14 facets at maximum diameter; propodeal spines straight, without the apexes curved upwards.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name refers to the region from where this species is known, the Amazon Basin.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> The general habitus of this species allies it with <i>Lachnomyrmex longinoi</i>, <i>L. nordestinus</i>, <i>L. plaumanni</i>, and <i>L. victori</i>. These species share the irregular body sculpturation, the obsolete metanotal groove, and the absence of long hairs on the first tergite of gaster. However, <i>L. amazonicus</i> can be distinguished from these species by the combination of promesonotum strongly convex, propodeal spines directed upwards, and dorsum of postpetiole bearing more than 10 long hairs.</p> <p> <i>Lachnomyrmex amazonicus</i> is known from Amazonian Brazil, in 60–200m elevation rainforest. It is one of the few species in the genus occurring in lowland forests rather than in submontane localities. All records refer to workers obtained in samples of sifted litter from the forest floor.</p>Published as part of <i>Feitosa, Rodrigo M. & Brandão, Carlos Roberto F., 2008, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 1890</i> on pages 11-13, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184304">10.5281/zenodo.184304</a&gt