An improved long-wave radiometer

May also be cited as: WHOI-00-13This report describes the development of an improved long-wave radiometer (pyrgeometer) for deployment on ships and buoys. Standard pyrgeometers use a thermopile to measure the temperature gradient between the receiver surface and the instrument case, and thus infer the receiver temperature and incident radiation. The key design change employed in the new radiometer is to remove the thermopile and replace it with a small, glass-encapsulated thermistor to measure the receiver temperature directly. To prove the concept, a prototype radiometer was built and calibrated. It was then deployed outside for a period of a week on the roof of the Clark Laboratory (Quissett Campus, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) to demonstrate the feasability of the new concept. Data from the prototype were compared to those from a pair of standard radiometers. The intercomparison shows that the prototype performed surprisingly well. It was able to capture all the variability observed by the standards with only a small bias. The next step in the design process, which has been funded by the National Science Foundation, is to build a rugged version of the prototype that can be deployed in the field.Funding was provided by the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Technology Innovations Awards Program and the National Science Foundation, Grant OCE98-18470

Systems and Methods for Noise Mitigation for Hybrid and Electric Aircraft

A system and method of noise mitigation for hybrid and electric aircraft, the aircraft having a controllable pitch propeller or rotor(s) with a plurality of blades. The propeller or rotor(s) are driven by a drive system to provide thrust for the aircraft, and the blades of the propeller or rotor(s) are further movable about pivot axis to vary a pitch thereof. A controller on-board the aircraft is operable to cause rotation or movement of the blades of the propeller or rotor(s) about their pivot axis to alter and/or focus at least one aspect of the propeller generated noise to reduce or mitigate such noise while maintaining a substantially constant thrust, altitude, and/or air speed of the aircraft

Irregular Colorings of Regular Graphs

An irregular coloring of a graph is a proper vertex coloring that distinguishes vertices in the graph either by their own colors or by the colors of their neighbors. In algebraic graph theory, graphs with a certain amount of symmetry can sometimes be specified in terms of a group and a smaller graph called a voltage graph. Radcliffe and Zhang found a bound for the irregular chromatic number of a graph on n vertices. In this paper we use voltage graphs to construct graphs achieving that bound

Systems and Methods for Noise Mitigation for Hybrid and Electric Aircraft

A system and method of noise mitigation for hybrid and electric aircraft, the aircraft having a controllable pitch propeller or rotor(s) with a plurality of blades. The propeller or rotor(s) are driven by a drive system to provide thrust for the aircraft, and the blades of the propeller or rotor(s) are further movable about pivot axis to vary a pitch thereof. A controller on-board the aircraft is operable to cause rotation or movement of the blades of the propeller or rotor(s) about their pivot axis to alter and/or focus at least one aspect of the propeller generated noise to reduce or mitigate such noise while maintaining a substantially constant thrust, altitude, and/or air speed of the aircraft

Hybrid Assembly for an Aircraft

A propeller driven aircraft powered by either an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. The parallel system hybrid aircraft can takeoff with the internal combustion engine and climb to a cruising altitude. The internal combus­tion engine then can be turned off and the electric motor turned on to power the aircraft\u27s propeller. The aircraft is capable of alternating operation between the electric motor and internal combustion engine as often as required at alti­tude. The aircraft can be landed using either the internal combustion engine or the electric motor. The transition of power from the internal combustion engine to the electric motor and back is performed through a hybrid clutch and pulley assembly that interconnects the internal combustion engine propeller flange to the propeller driveshaft. The elec­tric motor is connected to the hybrid assembly through belts and sheaves. The electric motor throttle is controlled in the cockpit

The role of falsification in the development of cognitive architectures: insights from a Lakatosian analysis

It has been suggested that the enterprise of developing mechanistic theories of the human cognitive architecture is flawed because the theories produced are not directly falsifiable. Newell attempted to sidestep this criticism by arguing for a Lakatosian model of scientific progress in which cognitive architectures should be understood as theories that develop over time. However, Newell’s own candidate cognitive architecture adhered only loosely to Lakatosian principles. This paper reconsiders the role of falsification and the potential utility of Lakatosian principles in the development of cognitive architectures. It is argued that a lack of direct falsifiability need not undermine the scientific development of a cognitive architecture if broadly Lakatosian principles are adopted. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the Lakatosian concepts of positive and negative heuristics for theory development and of general heuristic power offer methods for guiding the development of an architecture and for evaluating the contribution and potential of an architecture’s research program

FEM/SINDA: Combining the strengths of NASTRAN, SINDA, I-DEAS, and PATRAN for thermal and structural analysis

This paper describes the interface/integration between FEM/SINDA, a general purpose geometry driven thermal analysis code, and the FEM software: I-DEAS, PATRAN, and NASTRAN. FEM/SINDA brings together the advantages of the finite element method to model arbitrary geometry and anisotropic materials and SINDA's finite difference capability to model thermal properties, loads, and boundary conditions that vary with time or temperature. I-DEAS and PATRAN thermal entities are directly supported since FEM/SINDA uses the nodes of the FEM model as the point at which the temperature is determined. Output from FEM/SINDA (as well as the FEM/SINDA input deck) can be used directly by NASTRAN for structural analysis

The far right in the UK: The BNP in comparative perspective. Examining the development of the British Nation Party within the context of UK and continental far right politics

This thesis examines through the means of a comparative perspective, factors which have allowed the British National Party to enjoy recent electoral success at the local level under the leadership of party chairman Nick Griffin. Such electoral successes have arisen despite the seemingly relative obscurity of the party at the turn of the century. A number of different aspects are examined in order to achieve this aim. The history of the far right in the UK is examined to establish whether the BNP have changed their stance in comparison to previous far right movements. The BNP are also investigated comparatively with other West European parties who have enjoyed national success, as a means of discovering whether the party are similar to their far right neighbours and why they have not enjoyed similar national success. The press coverage of the BNP is examined at a local and national level, using content analysis and the LexisNexis database. The thesis looks at the role played by the BNP in local elections and the decline of participation in political activity, to establish if there is a link between these two factors. Finally a case study is taken of Calderdale in West Yorkshire, to establish directly if any of the above factors can be directly applied to BNP electoral success in this district. The research discovers that there are opportunities for the BNP to establish a connection with the electorate in local politics which are not necessarily available at times of general election

Job Stability and Wage Progression Patterns among Early TANF Leavers

This article reports on first-year employment experiences of a randomly selected sample of 213 Illinois TANF leavers. Aggregate employment levels were 70 percent at exit, and leavers typically generated earnings from a single full-time job. However, employment often was unstable, so that only about one-fourth of leavers had the same job both at exit and when interviewed 10-11 months later. Employment instability resulted from the marginal or temporary nature of many jobs, as well as employment barriers such as health problems and lack of day care. Average wage levels easily exceeded the minimum wage and grew during the first year after exit, but nonetheless often were insufficient to provide incomes above the poverty level. The findings underscore the need to develop post-employment service strategies that assist persons in accessing work-related benefits such as child care and Medicaid, as well as improved income support strategies such as expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit