COVID-19 em crianças, adolescentes e jovens: estudo transversal no Espírito Santo, 2020

Objective: To Analyze self-reported sociodemographic and clinical aspects among individuals aged 2 to 22 years and possible associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Espírito Santo. Methods: Serial cross-sectional population-based study carried out from May to June 2020. The percentage of positivity for COVID-19 was evaluated by serological test, and the associated factors by Pearson's chi-square test (significance level of 5%). Results: Among 1,693 individuals aged 2 to 22 years, 6,1% tested positive for COVID-19 and, among these, 35.5% did not present any symptoms. Differences were identified between positive and negative regarding the number of symptoms (p-value=0.001). Cough was reported by 40.4% of positive individuals. Only 14.3% sought health care, with 29.8% among the positive and 13.3% among the negative (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: The percentage of asymptomatic patients can impact the transmission chain of COVID-19 in schools and boost outbreaks of the disease in schools.Objetivo: Analisar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos autorreferidos entre indivíduos de 2 a 22 anos de idade e possíveis associações com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 no Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado de base populacional, realizado de maio a junho de 2020. Avaliou-se o percentual de positividade para COVID-19, por teste sorológico, e os fatores associados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: Entre 1.693 indivíduos de 2 a 22 anos, 6,1% apresentaram teste positivo para COVID-19; destes, 35,5% não apresentaram nenhum sintoma. Identificou-se diferenças entre os soropositivos e soronegativos quanto ao número de sintomas (p-valor=0,001). A tosse foi relatada por 40,4% dos indivíduos soropositivos. Apenas 14,3% procuraram unidades de saúde, sendo 29,8% entre os soropositivos e 13,3% entre os soronegativos (p-valor=0,001). Conclusão: O percentual de indivíduos assintomáticos pode impactar a cadeia de transmissão da COVID-19 nas escolas, e impulsionar surtos da doença no mesmo ambiente escolar

Peginterferon still has a place in the treatment of hepatitis C caused by genotype 3 virus

Despite recent advances in therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the disease caused by genotype 3 virus (GEN3) is still considered a treatment challenge in certain patient subgroups. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the peginterferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) combination treatment for GEN3/CHC patients, and to evaluate sustained virological response (SVR) indicators and early treatment interruption due to serious adverse events (SAE). This was a retrospective observational study of GEN3/CHC patients, co-infected or not by HIV and treated with Peg-IFN/RBV in nine Brazilian healthcare centers. The study sample included 184 GEN3/CHC patients70 (38%) were co-infected with HIV. The overall SVR rate was 57.1% (95% CI 50-64). Among co-infected and mono-infected patients, the SVR rate was 51.4% (36/70) and 60.5% (69/114), respectively (p=0.241). Thirty-four (18.5%) patients experienced SAE and interrupted treatment. SVR was negatively associated with the use of Peg-IFN alpha 2b (PR 0.7595% CI 0.58-0.99p=0.045) and to early treatment interruption due to SAE (PR 0.3695% CI 0.20-0.68p=0.001). Early treatment interruption due to SAE was associated with age (PR 1.0695% CI 1.02-1.10p<0.001) and occurrence of liver cirrhosis (PR 2.0695% CI 1.11-3.83p=0.022). In conclusion, Peg-IFN/RBV might represent an adequate treatment option, mainly in young patients without advanced liver disease or when the use of direct-action drugs is limited to specific patient groups.Univ Sul Santa Catarina, Fac Med, Dept Ciencias Biol & Saude & Ciencias Sociais Apl, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas, Av Pedra Branca 25, BR-88137270 Palhoca, SC, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Clin Med, Disciplina Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Serv Infectol, Vitoria, ES, SpainUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Div Gastroenterol, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilInst Infectol Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSecretaria Estadual Saude, Unidade Mista Saude, Unimista 508 509, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, Lab Virol, LIM 52, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in treatment-naïve adults with chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 1–6 in Brazil

Introduction and objectives: Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment for hepatitis C infection. Brazilian patients were not included in the original development studies for glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. This study aimed to assess safety and efficacy of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in treatment-naïve Brazilian adults without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Patients and methods: EXPEDITION-3 was a Phase 3, open-label, multicenter study in treatment-naïve Brazilian adults with hepatitis C infection genotype 1–6. Patients without cirrhosis (F2 or F3) or with compensated cirrhosis (F4) received 8 or 12 weeks of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the rate of sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12. Secondary endpoints were on-treatment virologic failure and relapse rates. Baseline polymorphisms were assessed in NS3 and NS5A. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were monitored. Results: 100 patients were enrolled, 75 received 8 weeks of treatment and 25 received 12 weeks; all patients completed treatment. Overall sustained virologic response at post-treatment Week 12 rate was high (98.0%; 98/100; 95% confidence interval: 93.0–99.4) and remained high regardless of baseline viral or host factors, including demographics, hepatitis C virus RNA levels, polymorphisms in NS3 and/or NS5A, genotype, and relevant comorbidities. 55% of patients reported ≥1 adverse event, the most common beingheadache (18.0%). Four patients reported serious adverse events; none were considered drug related orled to study drug discontinuation. No hepatic decompensations were observed.Conclusions: Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve Brazilianpatients with hepatitis C infection without cirrhosis and with compensated cirrhosis

Effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors in real-world patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil: a multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus-infected patients at Brazilian reference centers. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfected patients treated with Peg-interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (n=158) or telaprevir (n=557) between July 2013 and April 2014 at 15 reference centers in Brazil. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events data were collected during treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 59% had cirrhosis and 67.1% were treatment-experienced. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the overall sustained viral response was 56.6%, with similar effectiveness in both groups (51.9% for boceprevir and 58% for telaprevir, p=0.190). Serious adverse events occurred in 44.2% of patients, and six deaths (0.8%) were recorded. Cirrhotic patients had lower sustained viral response rates than non-cirrhotic patients (46.9% vs. 70.6%, p 465 years, diagnosis of cirrhosis, and abnormal hemoglobin levels/platelet counts prior to treatment were associated with serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although serious adverse events rates were higher in this infected population, sustained viral response rates were similar to those reported for other patient cohorts.Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Molestias Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilCtr Referencia & Treinamento DST Aids, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCDH, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilHosp Fed Servidores Estado Rio de Janeiro HFSE, Setor Gastrohepatol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disciplina Gastroenterol, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, FMRP, Dept Clin Med, Div Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil| Univ Fed do Maranhao UFMA, HUPD, Ctr Pesquisa Clin, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro UNIRIO, Disciplina Clin Med & Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio do Grande Sul UFRGS, Dept Med Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Ambulatorio HIV AIDS Hepatites Virais, Vitoria, ES, BrazilSMS, Ctr Orientacao & Aconselhamento, Foz Do Iguacu, PR, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Serv Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilIMT, Lab Virol LIM 52, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disciplina Gastroenterol, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy

Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project (XRP) to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy (osf.io/dvkpr). Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward

Covid-19 em áreas de aglomerados subnormais e não subnormais no Espírito Santo, Brasil

Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of the Greater Vitória region living in subnormal and non-subnormal agglomerations; and, compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of total residents (infected and not infected with SARS-CoV-2), among these clusters. Method: Population-based prevalence study, through serological testing carried out in 2020, with a study unit in households in Greater Vitória, grouped into census tracts classified as sub-normal clusters (AGSN) and non-sub-normal clusters (AGNSN ). The two groups were compared in terms of prevalence and associated factors. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: The prevalence found in the AGSN was 12.05% (95% CI from 9.59 to 14.50%), and in the AGNSN group it was 10.23% (95% CI from 7.97% to 12.50% ) this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.273). Comparing the sociodemographic characteristics, more people who declare themselves to be of mixed race were found in the SGNA, a higher percentage of illiterates and people with only elementary education, greater number of residents per household, longer stay in public transport, sharing a bathroom with another household , fewer bedrooms per residence and higher frequency of irregular water supply when compared to AGNSN(P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics of the SNGA residents show the social inequalities that can hinder control measures in a pandemic situation.Objetivos: estimar prevalência de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em residentes na região da Grande Vitória moradores de aglomerados subnormais e não subnormais; e, comparar características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos residentes totais (infectados e não infectados com o SARS-CoV-2), entre esses aglomerados.&nbsp; Método: Estudo de prevalência de base populacional, por meio de teste sorológico realizado em 2020, com unidade de estudo em domicílios da Grande Vitória, agrupados em setores censitários classificados como Aglomerados sub-normais (AGSN) e os Aglomerados não sub-normais (AGNSN). Os dois grupos foram comparados quanto a prevalência e fatores associados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência encontrada no AGSN foi 12,05% (IC 95% de 9,59 a 14,50%), e no grupo AGNSN foi 10,23% (IC 95% de 7,97% a 12,50%) esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante (p = 0,273). Comparando-se as características sociodemográficas foram encontradas nos AGSN mais pessoas que se autodeclaram da raça cor parda, percentual maior de analfabetos e pessoas apenas com ensino fundamental, maior número de moradores por domicílio, maior permanência em transporte coletivo, compartilhamento de banheiro com outro domicílio, menos dormitórios por residência e maior frequência de abastecimento irregular de água quando comparadas aos AGNSN(P&lt;0,05). Conclusões: As características epidemiológicas dos moradores de AGSN evidenciam as desigualdades sociais que podem dificultar as medidas de controle em uma situação de pandemia

Prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2: estudo de base populacional seriado, no Espírito Santo, em maio-junho/2020.

Objective: To analyze the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the association of sociodemographic and clinical aspects in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: Serial cross-sectional study carried out in four phases, using households as the unit of analysis, from May to June 2020. 11 municipalities were surveyed, with a sample of 4,500 households in each phase. Results: the prevalence ranged from 2.1% (95%CI: 1.7;2.5) on May 10 (first stage) to 9.6% (95%CI: 8.8;10.4), on June 21 (fourth stage). In the metropolitan region of Greater Vitória, the prevalences were 2.7% (95%CI: 2.2;3.3), in the first, and 11.5% (95%CI: 10.5;12.6) in the fourth stage; within the state it ranged from 0.4% (95%CI: 0.1;0.9) to 4.4% (95%CI: 3.2;5.5) between the two stages. Conclusion: The increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence observed in the fourth phase highlighted the high transmission of the virus, supporting the management of the pandemic.Objetivo: Analizar la seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 y la asociación de aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal seriado realizado en cuatro fases, utilizando los hogares como unidad de análisis, de mayo a junio de 2020. Se encuestaron 11 municipios, con una muestra de 4.500 hogares en cada fase. Resultados: la prevalencia varió de 2,1% (IC95%: 1,7;2,5) el 10 de mayo (primera etapa) a 9,6% (IC95%: 8,8;10,4), el 21 de junio (cuarta etapa). En la región metropolitana de la Gran Vitória, las prevalencias fueron de 2,7% (IC95%: 2,2;3,3), en la primera, y de 11,5% (IC95%: 10,5;12,6) en la cuarta etapa; dentro del estado osciló entre 0,4% (IC95%: 0,1;0,9) y 4,4% (IC95%: 3,2;5,5). Conclusión: El aumento de la seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 observado en la cuarta fase destacó la alta transmisión del virus, apoyando el manejo de la pandemia.Objetivo: Analisar a soroprevalência de SARS-CoV-2 e sua associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal seriado, realizado em quatro fases, no período de maio a junho de 2020, utilizando os domicílios como unidade de análise. Foram pesquisados 11 municípios, com amostra de 4.500 domicílios em cada fase. Resultados: a soroprevalência de SARS-CoV2 variou de 2,1% (IC95%: 1,7;2,5) em 10 de maio (primeira etapa) a 9,6% (IC95%: 8,8;10,4) em 21 de junho (quarta etapa). Na região metropolitana da Grande Vitória, as prevalências foram de 2,7% (IC95%: 2,2;3,3), na primeira, e de 11,5% (IC95%: 10,5;12,6) na quarta etapa; no interior do estado, a prevalência variou de 0,4% (IC95%: 0,1;0,9) a 4,4% (IC95%: 3,2;5,5) entre a primeira e a quarta etapas. Conclusão: O aumento da soroprevalência de SARS-CoV-2 observado na quarta fase destacou a elevada transmissão do vírus, subsidiando a gestão da pandemia

Report of the Topical Group on Electroweak Precision Physics and Constraining New Physics for Snowmass 2021

The precise measurement of physics observables and the test of their consistency within the standard model (SM) are an invaluable approach, complemented by direct searches for new particles, to determine the existence of physics beyond the standard model (BSM). Studies of massive electroweak gauge bosons (W and Z bosons) are a promising target for indirect BSM searches, since the interactions of photons and gluons are strongly constrained by the unbroken gauge symmetries. They can be divided into two categories: (a) Fermion scattering processes mediated by s- or t-channel W/Z bosons, also known as electroweak precision measurements; and (b) multi-boson processes, which include production of two or more vector bosons in fermion-antifermion annihilation, as well as vector boson scattering (VBS) processes. The latter categories can test modifications of gauge-boson self-interactions, and the sensitivity is typically improved with increased collision energy. This report evaluates the achievable precision of a range of future experiments, which depend on the statistics of the collected data sample, the experimental and theoretical systematic uncertainties, and their correlations. In addition it presents a combined interpretation of these results, together with similar studies in the Higgs and top sector, in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework. This framework provides a model-independent prescription to put generic constraints on new physics and to study and combine large sets of experimental observables, assuming that the new physics scales are significantly higher than the EW scale.Comment: 55 pages; Report of the EF04 topical group for Snowmass 202

The CLIC Potential for New Physics

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a mature option for the future of high energy physics. It combines the benefits of the clean environment of $e^+e^-$ colliders with operation at high centre-of-mass energies, allowing to probe scales beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for many scenarios of new physics. This places the CLIC project at a privileged spot in between the precision and energy frontiers, with capabilities that will significantly extend knowledge on both fronts at the end of the LHC era. In this report we review and revisit the potential of CLIC to search, directly and indirectly, for physics beyond the Standard Model

Reinterpretation of LHC Results for New Physics: Status and recommendations after Run 2

We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and measurements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data