25 research outputs found
Assessing changes in global fire regimes
PAGES, Past Global Changes, is funded by the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and supported in kind by the University of Bern, Switzerland. Financial support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation award numbers 1916565, EAR-2011439, and EAR-2012123. Additional support was provided by the Utah Department of Natural Resources Watershed Restoration Initiative. SSS was supported by Brigham Young University Graduate Studies. MS was supported by National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 and 2021/41/B/ST10/00060). JCA was supported by the European Unionâs Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SkĆodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101026211. PF contributed within the framework of the FCT-funded project no. UIDB/04033/2020. SGAF acknowledges support from Trond Mohn Stiftelse (TMS) and University of Bergen for the startup grant âTMS2022STG03â. JMP participation in this research was supported by the Forest Research Centre, a research unit funded by Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia I.P. (FCT), Portugal (UIDB/00239/2020). A.-LD acknowledge PAGES, PICS CNRS 06484 project, CNRS-INSU, RĂ©gion Nouvelle-Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux DRI and INQUA for workshop support.Background The global human footprint has fundamentally altered wildfire regimes, creating serious consequences for human health, biodiversity, and climate. However, it remains difficult to project how long-term interactions among land use, management, and climate change will affect fire behavior, representing a key knowledge gap for sustainable management. We used expert assessment to combine opinions about past and future fire regimes from 99 wildfire researchers. We asked for quantitative and qualitative assessments of the frequency, type, and implications of fire regime change from the beginning of the Holocene through the year 2300. Results Respondents indicated some direct human influence on wildfire since at leastâ~â12,000 years BP, though natural climate variability remained the dominant driver of fire regime change until around 5,000 years BP, for most study regions. Responses suggested a ten-fold increase in the frequency of fire regime change during the last 250 years compared with the rest of the Holocene, corresponding first with the intensification and extensification of land use and later with anthropogenic climate change. Looking to the future, fire regimes were predicted to intensify, with increases in frequency, severity, and size in all biomes except grassland ecosystems. Fire regimes showed different climate sensitivities across biomes, but the likelihood of fire regime change increased with higher warming scenarios for all biomes. Biodiversity, carbon storage, and other ecosystem services were predicted to decrease for most biomes under higher emission scenarios. We present recommendations for adaptation and mitigation under emerging fire regimes, while recognizing that management options are constrained under higher emission scenarios. Conclusion The influence of humans on wildfire regimes has increased over the last two centuries. The perspective gained from past fires should be considered in land and fire management strategies, but novel fire behavior is likely given the unprecedented human disruption of plant communities, climate, and other factors. Future fire regimes are likely to degrade key ecosystem services, unless climate change is aggressively mitigated. Expert assessment complements empirical data and modeling, providing a broader perspective of fire science to inform decision making and future research priorities.Peer reviewe
Measurement of the Tau Lepton Polarisation at LEP2
A first measurement of the average polarisation P_tau of tau leptons produced in e+e- annihilation at energies significantly above the Z resonance is presented. The polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays. The measured value P_tau = -0.164 +/- 0.125 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction for the mean LEP energy of 197 GeV.A first measurement of the average polarisation PÏ of tau leptons produced in e + e â annihilation at energies significantly above the Z resonance is presented. The polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays. The measured value PÏ=â0.164±0.125 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction for the mean LEP energy of 197 GeV.A first measurement of the average polarisation P_tau of tau leptons produced in e+e- annihilation at energies significantly above the Z resonance is presented. The polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays. The measured value P_tau = -0.164 +/- 0.125 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction for the mean LEP energy of 197 GeV
PSYKISK OHAÌLSA, ETT VAÌXANDE PROBLEM BLAND UNGA : En kvantitativ studie om ungdomars psykiska haÌlsa i VaÌstmanland
Psykisk ohaÌlsa aÌr ett globalt oÌkande folkhaÌlsoproblem bland den unga befolkningen och i synnerhet bland flickor. Det har blivit allt vanligare att barn och unga soÌker vaÌrd foÌr besvaÌr som huvudvaÌrk, magont, oro och aÌngest, men aÌven foÌr allvarligare former av psykisk ohaÌlsa som depression har oÌkat. Detta belyser ett behov av insatser som aÌmnar fraÌmja barn och ungas psykiska haÌlsa. Stress har synliggjorts som en orsak till den oÌkade psykiska ohaÌlsan. SaÌledes aÌr syftet med denna studie att undersoÌka foÌrekomst, koÌnsskillnader samt potentiella samband mellan stress och psykisk ohaÌlsa, i form av psykosomatiska besvaÌr och depressiva symptom, bland ungdomar i VaÌstmanlands laÌn. SekundaÌrdata fraÌn enkaÌtundersoÌkningen Liv och HaÌlsa Ung 2012 anvaÌndes och studien genomfoÌrdes med en kvantitativ ansats. KaÌnsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och krav-kontroll-stoÌdmodellen anvaÌndes som tvaÌ teoretiska verktyg foÌr att foÌrstaÌ sambandet mellan stress och psykisk ohaÌlsa. Resultatet visar att psykosomatiska besvaÌr, depressiva symptom och stress aÌr vanligt foÌrekommande bland ungdomar i VaÌstmanland, med oÌverrepresentation bland flickor. Det finns ocksaÌ signifikanta samband mellan att ofta vara stressad och oÌkade psykosomatiska besvaÌr respektive depressiva symptom. En slutsats som kan dras aÌr att stress och psykisk ohaÌlsa aÌr ett utbrett problem bland ungdomar i VaÌstmanland och i synnerhet bland flickor. Mental illness is a worldwide growing public health problem among the young population and particularly among girls. It has become increasingly common for children and young people seeking care for health problems such as headaches, stomach pain, worry and anxiety, but also more serious forms of mental illness such as depression have increased. This highlights the need for interventions that intend to promote children's and young people's mental health. Stress, mainly school-related, has been highlighted as a cause for the increase in mental illness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, gender differences and the potential relation between stress and mental illness, in the form of psychosomatic problems and depressive symptoms, among adolescents in VaÌstmanland. Secondary data from the Survey of Adolescent Life in VaÌstmanland 2012 was used and the study was performed using a quantitative approach. Sense of coherence (SOC) and demand- control-support model was used as two theoretical tools to understand the relation between stress and mental illness. The results show that psychosomatic problems, depressive symptoms and stress are common among adolescents in VaÌstmanland, where girls are overrepresented in all respects. The results also show significant relations between often being stressed and increased psychosomatic problems and depressive symptoms. One conclusion that can be drawn is that stress and mental illness is a widespread problem among young people in VaÌstmanland and especially among girls.
EnsamstÄende - men inte ensam : E-klubbsmodell för professionella
Det hÀr examensarbetet ingÄr i projektet E-clubbing. Syftet med projektet Àr att skapa en modell för uppbyggnad av en e-klubb, som professionella inom social- och hÀlsovÄrdssektorn kan anvÀnda för att erbjuda resursförstÀrkande stöd för olika mÄlgrupper. Med denna modell kan professionella frÀmja hÀlsa, vÀlbefinnande och delaktighet hos kunder. Kundens behov och intressen Àr en av de viktigaste faktorerna att beakta vid uppbyggnad av en e-klubb.
Detta examensarbete fokuserar sÀrskilt pÄ ensamstÄende smÄbarnsförÀldrar och kartlÀggning av deras stödbehov samt redan tillgÀngliga tjÀnster. UtgÄende frÄn detta görs en e-klubbsmodell upp, vars syfte Àr att genom kamratstöd erbjuda stöd i vardagen för hela familjen samt stÀrka förÀldraskapet.
FrÄgestÀllningarna i examensarbetet Àr: Hurdant stöd Àr ensamstÄende smÄbarnsförÀldrar i behov av? Hur kan man utgÄende frÄn ensamstÄende smÄbarnsförÀldrars behov bygga upp en e-klubb som stöder hela familjen? Vad behöver man som professionell ta i beaktande dÄ man bygger upp en e-klubb?
Examensarbetet bygger pÄ tjÀnstedesign och baserar sig pÄ redan befintlig forskning och litteratur. Arbetet har resulterat i bÄde en modell för professionella och i en e-klubbsmodell för ensamstÄende smÄbarnsförÀldrar. Det kan konstateras att det finns behov av virtuella tjÀnster för svensksprÄkiga och av material kring hur man kan anvÀnda sig av dessa tjÀnster som professionell inom social- och hÀlsovÄrdssektorn.TÀmÀ opinnÀytetyö on osa E-clubbing-hanketta. Hankkeen tavoite on kehittÀÀ sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisille malli e-kerhon rakentamisen tueksi, jonka avulla he voivat tarjota voimavaroja vahvistavaa tukea eri asiakasryhmille. TÀmÀn mallin avulla ammattilaiset voivat parantaa asiakkaiden terveyttÀ, hyvinvointia sekÀ osallisuutta. Yksi tÀrkeimmistÀ asioista e-kerhoa rakennettaessa on asiakkaan tarpeiden ja kiinnostusten huomiointi.
TÀmÀ opinnÀytetyö keskittyy erityisesti pienten lasten yksinhuoltajavanhempiin, sekÀ heidÀn tuen tarpeiden, ettÀ olemassa olevien tukimuotojen selvittÀmiseen. Selvityksen tuloksen perusteella rakennetaan e-kerhomalli. E-kerhon tavoite on vertaistuen avulla tarjota tukea arkeen koko perheelle, sekÀ vahvistaa vanhemmuutta.
OpinnÀytetyön tutkimuskysymykset ovat: Millaista tukea pienten lasten yksinhuoltajavanhemmat tarvitsevat? Miten pienten lasten yksinhuoltajavanhempien tarpeista lÀhtien voi rakentaa e-kerhon, joka tukee koko perhettÀ? MitÀ ammattilaisena tulee ottaa huomioon e-kerhoa rakentaessa?
OpinnĂ€ytetyö on rakennettu palvelumuotoilun avulla, ja perustuu olemassa olevaan kirjallisuuteen sekĂ€ tutkimuksiin. OpinnĂ€ytetyön tuloksena on malli ammattilaisille ja e-kerhomalli pienten lasten yksinhuoltajavanhemmille. Työn pÀÀtelmĂ€nĂ€ on, ettĂ€ tarve vastaaviin ruotsinkielisiin virtuaalipalveluihin on olemassa. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan ammattilaisilla on myös tarvetta materiaalille virtuaalista palveluntarjontaa ajatellen.This thesis is a part of the E-clubbing project. The intention with the project is to create a model for making an e-club, which professionals in health and social care can use to provide strengthening support for different target groups. Through this model professionals can improve the health, wellbeing and participation of their customers. One of the most important elements when creating an e-club is taking into account the customersâ needs and interests.
The focus for this thesis is on single parents of young children, their need for support and on clarifying already available services. Based on this an e-club model will be created. The intention with this is to provide everyday support for the whole family and to strengthen the parenthood.
The research questions of this thesis are: What kind of support do single parents of young children need? From single parentsâ point of view, how is it possible to create an e-club that supports the whole family? What do you as a professional need to consider when you make an e-club?
This thesis builds on service design and is based on already existing research and literature. The results of this work are a model for professionals and an e-club model for single parents of young children. There is a need for virtual services for Swedish speaking people and a need for more knowledge about how to use virtual services in health and social care
The woman cries, the man criticizes : A gender critical text- and content analysis concerning male and female emergency reporting
Den hÀr studien undersöker om det kan utrönas skillnader, och om sÄ Àr fallet, i vad dessa skillnader bestÄr i, mellan manligt och kvinnligt skriftsprÄk i katastrofjournalistik med avseende pÄ diskoteksbranden i Göteborg 1998 och tsunamikatastrofen 2004.  Dessa hÀndelser valdes med utgÄngspunkt av att de liknar varandra, inte bara i att de faller under katastrofjournalistik, utan för att de bÄda krÀvde ett stort antal svenska dödsoffer och genom detta haft djupgÄende pÄverkan pÄ det svenska samhÀllet. Studiens empiri bestÄr av 78 nyhetsartiklar frÄn Dagens Nyheteroch Svenska Dagbladet, vilka genererats med hjÀlp av databasen Retriever. Dessa har sedan undersökt noga genom text- och innehÄllsanalys med bÄde kvantitativa och kvalitativa inslag.  Resultatet av studien visade att det i materialet fanns sprÄkmÀssiga skillnader mellan könen. De kvinnliga journalisterna tenderade att anvÀnda fler pronomen i sina texter och att beskriva hÀndelserna mer detaljrikt Àn mÀnnen. Dessutom tenderade nyhetstexterna som författats av kvinnor att vara mer emotionella och innehÄlla fler ord Àn de som författats av mÀn, samtidigt som meningslÀngden i deras artiklar var kortare Àn mÀnnens.This study is aiming to investigate if there is a detectable difference, and if so, what characterizes that difference, between female and male written language in news reports from two catastrophic events that have had great impact on the Swedish society, namely the disco fire in Gothenburg in 1998 and the tsunami that hit the Bay of Bengal in 2004.  For the purpose of the investigation, 78 articles were pulled from the Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheterand Svenska Dagbladet, with help by the newspaper search engine Retriever. Those articles were then closely examined through the use of both qualitative and quantitative content analysis.  The study showed that there were some differences to be found in the language use of female and male journalists concerning the two news events. Some of these differences being that the female reporters both tended to use more pronouns in their texts, and too describe events in more detail than their male colleagues. Other features that set female and male articles apart, were that female texts tended to contain more words than male texts at the same time as being more emotionally orientated. Articles by female writers also tended to be divided into shorter sentences than articles by male writers
Cardiovascular and renal disease in the adolescent guinea pig after chronic placental insufficiency
OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of chronic placental insufficiency on the metabolic state and organ structure in the fetal and adolescent guinea pig. STUDY DESIGN: The maternal uterine artery was ligated at day 28â30 to reduce placental function and restrict fetal growth. Whole body and tissue weights and plasma metabolites were determined at 60 days of gestation and 8 weeks of age; tissue structure was determined at the latter age in restricted and control offspring. RESULTS: Fetal growth restriction increased fibrosis in the heart and kidneys (P < .05), increased aortic wall thickening (P < .01), reduced the number of glomeruli in the kidneys (P < .05), and increased the plasma urea and chloride in adolescent offspring. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that diseases in the heart, aorta, and kidneys that result from an adverse prenatal environment are evident at adolescence and may contribute to subsequent adult disease.Todd A. Briscoe, Alexandra E. Rehn, Sandra Dieni, Jhodie R. Duncan, Mary E. Wlodek, Julie A. Owens and Sandra M. Ree
Shedding of the Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP as Membrane Vesicle-Associated Components by Endothelial Cells
Engendering (in)security in peace support operations
This article contributes towards ongoing debates on gender, security and post-conflict studies. Its focus is on the activities of male peace-keepers and their gendered relations with women and girls. Against the backdrop of the peacekeeping economies in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone, we focus on the consequences of male peacekeepersâ construction and enactment of masculinity (and masculinities) on the security of local women. We conclude by suggesting that a deeper understanding of gender relations and security in peacekeeping contexts is necessary for any policy intervention in post-conflict setting