Industrias culturales latinoamericanas y su aporte al desarrollo social

This chapter presents opportunities that cultural in-dustries can offer to reach the desired equality in the Latin American region, based on the proposed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carib-bean (eclac), regarding rights and capabilities of human beings, by recognizing contributions that can be estab-lished in terms of productivity, inclusive social develop-ment, employment generation, and social recognition in cultural subsectors. Likewise, the author shows the pri-orities of Latin American governments by looking over the social investment database for Latin America and the Caribbean. She also contrasts these priorities with alternative visions of social spending and specific cases of living conditions improvement and the inclusion of the population with successful Latin American examples of cultural industries development. This chapter reports on a qualitative research with a phase of case studies, a descriptive and explanatory process, of analytical gen-eralization. Findings show the participation of cultural industries in the search for higher levels of social de-velopment due to the contribution made by engaging population, generating employment, maximizing human capacities and achieving the reduction of poverty

Análisis de estrategias del e-commerce en el sector textil: Caso Dimatex

The present investigation analyzes the different strategies of electronic commerce that can be implemented in the Dimatex company. The type of research had a qualitative approach, that is, information was collected on the textile sector and the importance of e-commerce through the years The method used was a case study, that is, the process by which the company Dimatex has passed in its years in the market was analyzed, and we also analyzed the benefits that the implementation of e-commerce could provide to the company; subsequently, different strategies and keys of e-commerce. The scope of this project is proactive and analytical, because with the information that was collected a specific proposal was made and why these strategies were sought by analyzing the different variables, looking for relate those strategies that best suit Dimatex. 8 e-commerce strategies in the textile sector were evidenced to carry out their activities, strategies such as website creation, use of SEM (search engine marketing), SEO (search engine optimization) and SMO (social media optimization) techniques, affiliate marketing, the constant use of social networks, e-mail marketing and finally the business blog. The result of the investigation allowed to identify that, for Dimatex, the right strategies to implement are the business blog, the creation of the website and the constant use of social networks.La presente investigación analiza las diferentes estrategias del e-commerce que se pueden implementar en la empresa Dimatex. El tipo de investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, es decir, se recogió información sobre el sector textil y la importancia del e-commerce a través de los años. El método utilizado fue un de estudio de caso, es decir, se analizó el proceso por el cual ha transcurrido la empresa Dimatex en sus años en el mercado, y así mismo se analizó los beneficios que la implementación del e-commerce le podía brindar a la empresa; posteriormente, se estudió diferentes estrategias y las claves del e-commerce. El alcance de este proyecto es propositivo y analítico, porque con la información que se recolectó se realizó una propuesta específica y porque se buscó dichas estrategias mediante el análisis de las diferentes variables, buscando relacionar aquellas estrategias que mejor se adecuan a Dimatex. Se analizaron estrategias del e-commerce en el sector textil para la realización de sus actividades, estrategias como la creación de la página web, el uso de las técnicas SEM (search engine marketing), SEO (search engine optimization) y SMO (social media optimization), el marketing de afiliación, el uso constante de las redes sociales, el e-mail marketing y por último el blog empresarial. El resultado de la investigación permitió identificar que, para Dimatex, las estrategias correctas a implementar son el blog empresarial, la creación de la página web y el uso constante de las redes sociales

Internacionalización de emprendimientos culturales de Latinoamérica

This research purports to identify cultural entrepreneurship’s cooperation strategies in Latin America; such strategies permit entrepreneurship´s internationalization. The research had a descriptive and correlational focus and had a quantitative and non-experimental methodological design. This design facilitated identification of systemic thought as a starting point for the development of collaborative work within the cultural sector. Four hundred and fifty businessmen were surveyed; they belonged to Latin-American Cultural Industries. The main finding and conclusion was the achievement of priority identification in connection with entrepreneurship´s applicability and reconnaissance. It became evident that those who achieved internationalization did so either by using strategic alliances or by reaching foreign markets by means of their own financing. Lack of government support caused both networking and cross-border cooperation to be the main strategies to achieve entrepreneurship´s internationalization.El objetivo de la investigación es identificar las estrategias de cooperación de los emprendimientos culturales en Latinoamérica que permiten su internacionalización. Tuvo un enfoque descriptivo correlacional con un diseño metodológico cuantitativo y no experimental que facilitó la identificación del pensamiento sistémico como punto de partida para el desarrollo del trabajo colaborativo dentro del sector cultural, mediante una encuesta a 450 empresarios pertenecientes a las Industrias Culturales Latinoamericanas. Como principales hallazgos y conclusiones se logró la identificación de las prioridades en torno a la aplicabilidad y reconocimiento del emprendimiento, evidenciando que quienes han logrado su internacionalización han utilizado alianzas estratégicas o han llegado a mercados externos mediante una financiación propia. Así también, se demostró que tanto el trabajo en redes como la cooperación transfronteriza son las estrategias principales para lograr sus procesos de internacionalización debido a la falta de apoyos gubernamentales

Aproximación a los efectos económicos de los festivales musicales de Colombia

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los tipos de efectos económicos de los festivales musicales de Colombia y su posible influencia en el desarrollo, debido a que proveen servicios culturales y espacios generadores de desarrollo económico. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, usando fuentes secundarias para la descripción y conocimiento del fenómeno, en donde se logró reconocer la estructura interna del funcionamiento de un festival musical y de sus efectos internos y externos; el alcance de la investigación es analítico-descriptivo con método explicativo-exploratorio, en tanto se trata de un acercamiento a uno de los subsectores culturales que mayores rendimientos económicos manifiesta y vincula a la totalidad de la población. Como principal hallazgo se encontró que los festivales musicales tienen una influencia favorable en el Producto Interno Bruto, en el fortalecimiento de la inclusión social y en la población civil con efectos directos, indirectos e inducidos, siendo parte fundamental para el desarrollo económico del país. Así, la diversidad cultural y el patrimonio de Colombia en términos identitarios, se convierte en una herramienta para la internacionalización del talento humano, el reconocimiento social del territorio y la generación directa de empleos desde el sector musical, siendo representante efectivo de las industrias culturales y creativas del país

Sector floricultor colombiano en los TLC con Canadá y República de Corea

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los efectos del comercio exterior en las exportaciones del sector floricultor colombiano desde la entrada en vigencia de los TLC con Canadá y con la República de Corea. Se utilizó un método documental de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, en tanto a través del uso de fuentes secundarias oficiales, la recopilación de datos tuvo como base la investigación de tipo histórico. Los hallazgos muestran diferencias en la desgravación arancelaria. En conclusión, en las fechas que son memorables para estos países, hay un tipo de flor que se demanda más a nivel internacional, convirtiendo a Colombia en uno de los principales exportadores y países competitivos frente a otros. Durante la última década el sector floricultor ha demostrado la calidad que brinda en cuanto a los productos que cultiva, teniendo un crecimiento económico anual porcentual del 15% desde el año 2009 hasta el año 2021

Sector floricultor colombiano en los TLC con Canadá y República de Corea

The research aims to analyze the effects of foreign trade on the exports of the Colombian floriculture sector since the entry into force of the FTAs with Canada and the Republic of Korea. A descriptive and explanatory documentary method was used, while through official secondary sources, data collection was based on historical research. The findings show differences in tariff reduction. In conclusion, on the dates that are memorable for these countries, there is a type of flower that is demanded more internationally, making Colombia one of the leading exporters and competitive countries compared to others; during the last decade, the flower sector has demonstrated the quality it provides in terms of the products it grows, having a positive annual economic growth of 15% from 2009 to 2021.El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los efectos del comercio exterior en las exportaciones del sector floricultor colombiano desde la entrada en vigencia de los TLC con Canadá y con la República de Corea. Se utilizó un método documental de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, en tanto a través del uso de fuentes secundarias oficiales, la recopilación de datos tuvo como base la investigación de tipo histórico. Los hallazgos muestran diferencias en la desgravación arancelaria. En conclusión, en las fechas que son memorables para estos países, hay un tipo de flor que se demanda más a nivel internacional, convirtiendo a Colombia en uno de los principales exportadores y países competitivos frente a otros. Durante la última década el sector floricultor ha demostrado la calidad que brinda en cuanto a los productos que cultiva, teniendo un crecimiento económico anual porcentual del 15% desde el año 2009 hasta el año 2021

SUSTITUCIÓN DE EMPAQUES PLÁSTICOS EN EL PROCESO DE EXPORTACIÓN DEL SECTOR TEXTIL COLOMBIANO: APROXIMACIONES

In Colombia, the textile sector is an axis of development and economic growth, however, it also represents great challenges in terms of the care of the environment and the preservation of ecosystems due to the thousands of tons of plastics that are produced in this industry. The aim of this research was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that a possible replacement of plastic packaging by biodegradable packaging in this sector would bring. The methodology was qualitative, with three stages of development, the selection of information documents, the review and selection of them and the prospective analysis. It is concluded that this substitution is an added value for companies in the Colombian textile sector and represents, in the long term, a reduction in the current pollution produced by this industry, but also a challenge for companies in the sector in terms of costs and functionality, which will determine such a transformation.En Colombia, el sector textil es un eje de desarrollo y de crecimiento económico, sin embargo, también representa grandes retos en cuanto al cuidado del medio ambiente y preservación de los ecosistemas debido a los miles de toneladas de plásticos que se producen en esta industria. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en analizar las ventajas y desventajas que traería una posible sustitución de empaques plásticos por empaques biodegradables en este sector. La metodología fue cualitativa, con tres fases de desarrollo, la selección de documentos informativos, la revisión de estos y la ejecución de un análisis prospectivo. En conclusión, esta sustitución podría convertirse en un valor agregado para las empresas del sector textil colombiano y representaría, en un largo plazo, una reducción de la contaminación actual que produce esta industria como también un reto para las empresas del sector en términos de costos y funcionalidad, lo que determinará dicha transformación

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe