Estudo do futuro preço horário de energia e seu efeito sobre os contratos de consumidores livres no setor elétrico brasileiro

A priorização de hidrelétricas a fio d’água e o constante crescimento de fontes de energia intermitentes ocasionam volatilidade ao preço de energia elétrica. Em conjunto, variações abruptas na carga do Sistema Interligado Nacional – SIN e alterações no perfil de consumo do país (como a inserção de veículos elétricos), ressaltam a necessidade de uma valoração de energia que acompanhe de forma precisa variações de carga e geração que ocorram em um horizonte de curto prazo. O preço de energia de curto prazo – PLD, serve como base para valorar contratos de médio e longo prazo de energia, e precificar a Liquidação Financeira dos agentes no Mercado de Curto Prazo – MCP. O cálculo do PLD é realizado pela Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica – CCEE, tem publicação semanal e é dividido por Submercado e patamares de carga. O PLD Semanal resulta em um descolamento entre o preço de energia e a realidade operativa do sistema. Para modernizar o Setor Elétrico Brasileiro - SEB, ficou determinado a implementação do Preço Horário de Energia Elétrica – PLDh para 2021 [23]. A energia será precificada diariamente em base horária, sendo esperado com essa alteração um preço de energia mais preciso e dinâmico, que responda as variações sentidas pelo CMO. Como resultado, espera-se uma representação real do custo de energia em um dado instante, um preço de energia de curto prazo confiável para ser utilizado em processos do Mercado de Energia Elétrica e uma maior atenção nas Flexibilizações Contratuais, em especial, a Modulação. Com a implementação do preço horário, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, através de estudos de caso com consumidores livres de diferentes setores, o impacto da mudança em seus contratos de energia elétrica.The prioritization of run-of-the-river hydroelectricity and the constant growth of intermittent energy sources cause volatility in the price of electricity. Together, abrupt variations in the load of the National Interconnected System - SIN and changes in the country's consumption profile (such as the insertion of electric vehicles), highlight the need for an short-term price that accurately accompanies variations in load and generation that occur in a short term horizon. The short-term energy price - PLD, serves as a basis to value medium and long-term energy contracts, and to price the Financial Settlement of agents in the Short-Term Market - MCP. The PLD calculation is performed by the Electric Energy Trading Chamber - CCEE, published weekly and divided by Submarket and load levels. Weekly PLD results in a mismatch between the price of energy and the operating reality of the system. In order to modernize the Brazilian Electricity Sector - SEB, it was determined to implement the Hourly Electricity Price - PLDh for 2021 [23]. Energy will be priced daily on an hourly basis, with this change expected to provide a more accurate and dynamic energy price that responds to the variations felt by the CMO. As a result, a real representation of the energy cost is expected at a given moment, a reliable short-term energy price to be used in processes in the Electricity Market and greater attention to Contract Flexibilities, in particular Modulation. With the implementation of the hourly price, the objective of this work is to verify, through case studies with free consumers from different sectors, the impact of the change in their electricity contracts

Seguimento do pré-termo no primeiro ano de vida após alta hospitalar: avaliando o crescimento pondoestatural

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2.17427 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v15i2.17247.   RESUMO A avaliação da saúde da criança se dá pelo acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância de conhecer como ocorre o crescimento de crianças nascidas prematuramente e que permaneceram hospitalizadas. Objetivou-se descrever o padrão de crescimento dos prematuros acompanhados no ambulatório de enfermagem durante o primeiro ano após a alta hospitalar. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, que analisou dados pela estatística descritiva com uso do Programa R. Integraram o estudo 25 prematuros, acompanhados no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro de um hospital escola do Paraná, de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2010. O perímetro cefálico mostrou melhor perfil de crescimento, com catch up precoce, seguido de aumento discreto no peso e comprimento. Identificando o crescimento pondoestatural após a alta hospitalar, propicia-se subsídios para aprimorar a assistência à saúde desse grupo, direcionando ações ao seu crescimento saudável e minimizando possíveis sequelas. Descritores: Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente; Prematuro; Crescimento; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Enfermagem Pediátrica

Germinação de sementes de maracujá-amarelo em extrato aquoso de tiririca e ácido giberélico

Allelopathy refers to the ability of certain plant has to interfere with the metabolism of other compounds by chemicals released into the environment. Cyperus rotundus is a typical example of such a plant, having a high IBA concentration and being able to influence and act on germination and rooting of the other plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bulbs and leaves extracts of Cyperus rotundus and gibberellic acid on the yellow passion fruit germination cycle. To obtain the aqueous extract bulbs and leaves were used along with a concentration of 1 g 10 mL-1 (p/v) (1 g of material plant to 10 mL of distilled water), forming stock solutions. Extracts were diluted in five concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five concentrations of gibberellic acid (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg L-1 GA3) were used. As a control treatment we used distilled water. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 16 treatments, five replicates, totaling 80 sampling units, each unit containing ten seeds. Daily counts were performed on the number of germinated seeds for subsequent calculation of germination percentage and germination speed index. Seeds of yellow passion fruit treated with concentrations of gibberellic acid had their germination inhibited and it is not recommended in the germination of the species. Concentrations of aqueous extract of leaves and sedge did not affect the germination of yellow passion fruit.Alelopatia se refere à capacidade que determinada planta possui de interferir no metabolismo de outra, por meio de compostos químicos liberados no meio. A tiririca é um exemplo típico deste tipo de planta, possuindo elevada concentração de ácido indolbutírico, podendo agir na germinação e enraizamento de outras plantas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de extratos de bulbos e folhas de tiririca e ácido giberélico na germinação de sementes de maracujá-amarelo. Para a obtenção dos extratos aquosos de tiririca utilizaram-se bulbos e folhas na concentração de 1 g 10 mL-1 (p/v) (1 g de matéria vegetal para 10 mL de água destilada), constituindo as soluções estoque. Foram utilizados extratos diluídos em cinco concentrações (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%) e cinco concentrações de ácido giberélico (200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg L-1 GA3). Como tratamento controle utilizou-se água destilada. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, apresentando 16 tratamentos, contendo cinco repetições, totalizando 80 unidades amostrais, contendo cada unidade dez sementes. Diariamente realizaram-se contagens do número de sementes germinadas para posterior cálculo de percentagem de germinação e Índice de Velocidade de Germinação. Sementes de maracujá-amarelo submetidas às concentrações de ácido giberélico tiveram sua germinação inibida, não sendo recomendado na germinação da espécie. Concentrações de extrato aquoso de folhas e bulbos de tiririca não influenciaram a germinação de sementes de maracujá-amarelo

Vacinas no Brasil: Análise Histórica do Registro Sanitário e a disponibilização no Sistema de Saúde

Given the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of public social protection policies, health issues, including immunizations, have gained prominence. This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of vaccine registration in Brazil and the vaccines made available through the National Immunization Program (PNI), with emphasis on the 2004-2018 vaccination schedule. This descriptive, exploratory, documentary research analyzed processes of vaccine registration with the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) and the incorporation of vaccine products into the PNI. The study drew on information from the national sanitary registration database, made available by Anvisa, a document analysis of official/normative publications, and the published literature. The data do demonstrate the incorporation of vaccines into the PNI, evincing a country with industrial potential for vaccine production, but still focused on the transfer of technologies, and in need of public attention and investments in new technologies as a way to ensure the sector's independence.Com a pandemia da COVID-19 e a importância das políticas públicas de proteção social, questões sanitaristas incluindo as imunizações se tornaram destaque. O estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica dos registros sanitários de vacinas no país e as vacinas disponibilizadas por meio do Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI), com destaque para o calendário vacinal no período entre 2004 e 2018. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, documental e exploratório dos processos de registro sanitário na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) e a incorporação dos produtos no PNI. Como base da pesquisa foram utilizados o banco de dados de registro sanitário disponibilizado pela Anvisa, a análise documental de publicações oficiais/normativas e dados da literatura. Os dados demonstram a incorporação das vacinas no PNI, assim como um país com potencial industrial para a produção das vacinas, no entanto ainda centrado na transferência de tecnologias, necessitando de investimentos e atenção pública no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, garantindo a independência do setor

Benchmarking de qualidade e sustentabilidade da produção científica em Administração

The aim of this article is to develop a framework that would support the classification of the production of articles in Business Administration and from which can be offered a quality benchmarking and sustainability of academic research in this area. Punctually, aims to contribute to the qualification of work to be submitted to national Qualis A or B of Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES). Part is a literature review on the state of research directors under the publications in seven national periodicals area, unranked as A or B. It is then made a compilation of the criteria available to the reviewers authors of these journals and three other international Area administration to assess the production they submitted. The literature review resulted in the selection of 51 articles that link the main problems of research in this area. We conclude that the periodic evaluation criteria coincide with those mentioned in selected articles but do not allow exploring evaluation aspects underlying the blind practices and peer review. Continuous improvement of products is internationally recommended. The result is a frame of reference to assist in building a submission benchmarking system well qualified by periodic evaluation system of CAPES/Brazil.O objetivo deste artigo é elaborar um referencial que sirva de apoio à qualificação da produção de artigos em Administração e a partir do qual possa ser proposto um benchmarking de qualidade e sustentabilidade da produção acadêmica nesta área. Pontualmente, visa contribuir para a qualificação de trabalhos a serem submetidos a periódicos nacionais Qualis A ou B da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Parte-se de análise bibliográfica sobre a situação da pesquisa em Administração segundo publicações em sete periódicos nacionais da área, ranqueados como A ou B. Posteriormente é feita uma compilação dos critérios disponibilizados a autores pareceristas desses periódicos e de outros três internacionais, da área de Administração, para avaliar a produção a eles submetida. A revisão bibliográfica resultou na seleção de 51 artigos que apontam os principais problemas da pesquisa nesta área. Conclui-se que os critérios de avaliação dos periódicos coincidem com os mencionados em artigos selecionados, mas não permitem explorar aspectos da avaliação subjacentes às práticas blind e peer review. A melhoria contínua dos artigos é recomendada internacionalmente. O resultado é um quadro de referência para auxiliar na construção de um sistema de benchmarking de submissão em periódicos bem qualificados pela CAPES

Resveratrol and resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex recovered the changes of creatine kinase and Na+, K+-ATPase activities found in the spleen from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of the selective destruction of the pancreatic β-cells by T cells of the immune system. Although spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ, it is also involved in the T1D pathogenesis. However, the alterations in a variety of cellular processes of this disease need to be further understood. We aimed to analyze the benefits of resveratrol, and its complexed form on diabetic complications in the spleen of rats. To this end, we investigated important enzymes of phosphoryl transfer network, and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Wistar rats were divided into non-diabetic groups: Control, Ethanol, Resveratrol, Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and diabetic groups with the same treatments. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of 60 mg/kg of streptozocin intraperitoneally, and treatments by intragastric gavage once daily for 60 days. Hyperglycemia reduced creatine kinase activity, which was reversed by the administration of resveratrol. Na+, K+-ATPase activity was greatly affected, but it was reversed by resveratrol and resveratrol-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. This suggest an energetic imbalance in the spleen of diabetic rats, and in case this also occurs in the diabetic patients, it is possible that resveratrol supplementation could be beneficial to the better functioning of the spleen in diabetic patients

The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study

Background and Aims Large clades of angiosperms are often characterized by diverse interactions with pollinators, but how these pollination systems are structured phylogenetically and biogeographically is still uncertain for most families. Apocynaceae is a clade of >5300 species with a worldwide distribution. A database representing >10 % of species in the family was used to explore the diversity of pollinators and evolutionary shifts in pollination systems across major clades and regions. Methods The database was compiled from published and unpublished reports. Plants were categorized into broad pollination systems and then subdivided to include bimodal systems. These were mapped against the five major divisions of the family, and against the smaller clades. Finally, pollination systems were mapped onto a phylogenetic reconstruction that included those species for which sequence data are available, and transition rates between pollination systems were calculated. Key Results Most Apocynaceae are insect pollinated with few records of bird pollination. Almost three-quarters of species are pollinated by a single higher taxon (e.g. flies or moths); 7 % have bimodal pollination systems, whilst the remaining approx. 20 % are insect generalists. The less phenotypically specialized flowers of the Rauvolfioids are pollinated by a more restricted set of pollinators than are more complex flowers within the Apocynoids + Periplocoideae + Secamonoideae + Asclepiadoideae (APSA) clade. Certain combinations of bimodal pollination systems are more common than others. Some pollination systems are missing from particular regions, whilst others are over-represented. Conclusions Within Apocynaceae, interactions with pollinators are highly structured both phylogenetically and biogeographically. Variation in transition rates between pollination systems suggest constraints on their evolution, whereas regional differences point to environmental effects such as filtering of certain pollinators from habitats. This is the most extensive analysis of its type so far attempted and gives important insights into the diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large clades

Factors associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with psoriasis-insights from a global registry-based study.

BACKGROUND: The multimorbid burden and use of systemic immunosuppressants in people with psoriasis may confer greater risk of adverse outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the data are limited. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis and identify factors associated with hospitalization. METHODS: Clinicians reported patients with psoriasis with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 via an international registry, Psoriasis Patient Registry for Outcomes, Therapy and Epidemiology of COVID-19 Infection. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical and/or demographic characteristics and hospitalization. A separate patient-facing registry characterized risk-mitigating behaviors. RESULTS: Of 374 clinician-reported patients from 25 countries, 71% were receiving a biologic, 18% were receiving a nonbiologic, and 10% were not receiving any systemic treatment for psoriasis. In all, 348 patients (93%) were fully recovered from COVID-19, 77 (21%) were hospitalized, and 9 (2%) died. Increased hospitalization risk was associated with older age (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.59 per 10 years; 95% CI = 1.19-2.13), male sex (OR = 2.51; 95% CI = 1.23-5.12), nonwhite ethnicity (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 1.24-8.03), and comorbid chronic lung disease (OR = 3.87; 95% CI = 1.52-9.83). Hospitalization was more frequent in patients using nonbiologic systemic therapy than in those using biologics (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.31-6.18). No significant differences were found between classes of biologics. Independent patient-reported data (n = 1626 across 48 countries) suggested lower levels of social isolation in individuals receiving nonbiologic systemic therapy than in those receiving biologics (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.50-0.94). CONCLUSION: In this international case series of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, biologic use was associated with lower risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization than with use of nonbiologic systemic therapies; however, further investigation is warranted on account of potential selection bias and unmeasured confounding. Established risk factors (being older, being male, being of nonwhite ethnicity, and having comorbidities) were associated with higher hospitalization rates