Operation of Energy MicroGrids

Integrated Operation is a strategy to operate the Energy MicroGrid as an integrated system. In this strategy, a CHP plant, an electric water heater, and thermal storage were operated to support both electricity and heat networks of the Energy MicroGrid. An Integrated Optimal Power Flow was formulated and was used to investigate the advantages of this Integrated Operation. Simulations indicated that Integrated Operation minimised generation curtailment and load shedding. It also reduced electricity imported from the main grid and the operating cost.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Molecular tweezers with freely rotating linker and porphyrin moieties

Molecular tweezers were synthesised by using a microwave accelerated alkene plus cyclobutane epoxide reaction between norbornyl appended porphyrin moieties and a diepoxide functionalised phenyl diimide spacer. The tweezers contain several rotational degrees of freedom; about the porphyrin with respect to the norbornyl linker, and between the two norbornyl backbone sections. The ability of Zn(super)II metallated tweezer 1 to complex 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was studied by UV/Vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate global spectral analysis. The system was found to form a strong 1:1 intramolecular complex (1:DABCO) with an association constant of K₁₁ = 8.1 × 10⁷ M⁻¹, transforming to a 1:2 open complex [1:(DABCO)₂] with K₁₂ = 2.7 × 10⁹ M⁻² at high concentrations of DABCO.Rhys B. Murphy, Duc-Truc Pham, Stephen F. Lincoln, and Martin R. Johnsto

Gas-phase chemistry of molecular containers

The remarkable technical advances in mass spectrometry during the last decades, including soft ionisation techniques, the coupling of electrospray ionisation to flow reactors, and the broad scope of tandem mass spectrometric experiments applicable to mass-selected ions allow investigating the chemistry of molecular capsules in solution as well as in the absence of any environment. With these methods, mass spectrometry is capable of answering many questions starting from providing analytical characterisation data (elemental composition, stoichiometry, etc.) to structural aspects (connectivities, positions of building blocks in supramolecular complexes) and to the examination of solution and gas-phase reactivity including reactions inside molecular containers. The present article reviews this work with a focus rather on the chemical questions that can be answered than on the technical specialities of (tandem) mass spectrometry

Molecular assembly and encapsulation

Abstract Assemblies can emerge whenever more than one copy of a moleeule is present and it is frequently difficult to predict what will emerge without experimentation. Multiple copies of complementaq molecules can give rise to SupersmCNres with functions that are unique to the assembled states. The weak intermolecular forces that hold assemblies together endow them with dynamic, tempomy and even self-correcting qualities.' We give here an account of our recent experiments with minimalistic models for molecular assemblies. BASEBALLS Since twodimensional hydrogen bond arrays are plentiful in supramolecular chemistry, and even more elaborate assemblies have been characterized? our intent was to use the principles of molecular recognition and the moderately directional characteristics of hydrogen bonds to assemble three-dimensional structures that may be said to have a function. These were intended to form closed shells that could encapsulate smaller molecules. The first of these are reported elsewhere3 and involved a collaboration with Javier de Mendoza in Madrid