Estado del arte del proyecto

Desde que la Organización Mundial de la Salud declarara al COVID-19 como pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020, muchos países han acatado las recomendaciones científicas de aislamiento social, estas medidas sugieren el cierre físico de establecimientos e instituciones, dentro de las que se cuentan las de carácter educativo, como resultado, la UNESCO ha reportado la crisis mundial de la educación, en la que el 91% de los estudiantes a nivel global se han afectado. Como respuesta al cierre físico de colegios y universidades muchos gobiernos han decretado las clases virtuales y en Colombia empieza el 25 de marzo con la sanción del aislamiento (Decreto 457 del 22 de marzo de 2020); A través de este artículo se evalúan los efectos que ha causado la migración de los espacios físicos a la virtualidad en la docencia universitaria, el método de obtención de datos es a través de una encuesta estandarizada en la cual se revisan las variables: i) el espacio del aprendizaje; ii) la salud del estudiante; iii) las limitaciones económicas para acceder a recursos adecuados para desempeñarse ambientes virtuales y la conectividad del servicio de internet; y iv) Las variables académicas de adaptación al nuevo ambiente de clase y dificultades en las asignaturas. El modelo de formación presencial remoto abre la posibilidad de estimular el aprendizaje permanente, libre de las excusas de tiempo y lugar, además, incentiva al uso de herramientas tecnológicas en la educación y la investigación; resulta fundamental para un país en desarrollo motivar a que adultos y jóvenes con dificultades reales continúen su ciclo de formación

High Trait Anger, Interpersonal Context, and the Recognition of Anger Problems

Background: High trait anger is usually destructive for individuals and their relationships. This proneness to anger is reflected in frequent angry feelings, for longer periods of time, and with higher levels of physical arousal and negative expressions (e.g., insulting or arguing with others). Unfortunately, not all individuals with high trait anger recognize the problem. Objective: This research assessed the contribution of the interpersonal context (e.g., family members, friends, and boyfriend/girlfriend) to recognize anger problems. Methods: We recruited 192 individuals with high trait anger who completed questionnaires about 1) recognition of anger problems, 2) how they are perceived by others in terms of anger (i.e., “being irascible”), and 3) if they care about what others think about their anger. Research Design: Cross-sectional. Results: Individuals who recognized their anger problems perceived they have received more messages of “You are very irascible” from their social contexts, while those who do not recognize anger problems, have received these messages less often. Moreover, the higher the extent to which the individuals care about what other people think or say about their anger (i.e., higher importance attached to messages from others), the more it contributed to a higher recognition of anger problems. In addition, a lower importance attached to such messages was related to a lower recognition of such problems. Recognition of anger problems was higher in participants who had a boyfriend/girlfriend (versus those who did not have one), and in female (versus male) participants

La formación en alfabetización en información en las aulas universitarias: el caso de la UC3M

The course "Information skills" (Searching and using information) is part of the curriculum of the whole graduate students at the University Carlos III of Madrid since the academic year 2008-2009. This was the first year when the university adapted all grades to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The aim of the course is to promote the information literacy among students and to provide them with the basic skills for searching, selecting, evaluate, use and communicate information in a digital environment. The teaching of the course is carry out by the Library and Information Science Departament with the close collaboration of the Library Service of the University. The Library is in charge of several of the practical sessions. After three years, we present a balance with the evolution of the course, academics results and the impact on the use of services and library resources.La asignatura de “Técnicas de búsqueda y uso de la información” forma parte del curriculum académico de todos los estudiantes que cursan un Grado en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid desde que se pusieron en marcha las titulaciones adaptadas al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Se trata de una asignatura que tiene por objetivo potenciar la alfabetización informacional de los estudiantes y la adquisición de las competencias básicas como buscar, seleccionar, evaluar, usar y comunicar información. La docencia de esta asignatura la lleva a cabo el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación con la colaboración del Servicio de Biblioteca que se ocupa de las sesiones prácticas. Después de tres cursos académicos se presenta un balance con la evolución de la asignatura, los resultados académicos y las repercusiones en el uso de los servicios y recursos de la biblioteca

Estado del arte del proyecto

A partir de la capacidad de estructuración que podemos asociar al binomio espacio público – transporte público, la presente investigación pretende profundizar en los aspectos de urbanidad que esta relación puede brindan a la ciudad o a parte de ellas, en razón a, los diferentes grados de religancia e Imbricación urbana (lasos) que se generan entre éstos (la vía y el transporte público (preferentemente guiado)), y las demás instancias urbanas asociadas a un itinerario y, que en última instancia tienen directa relación con la cohesión urbana de un territorio

miR-146a is a pivotal regulator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation promoting thrombosis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce a procoagulant response linking inflammation and thrombosis. Low levels of miR-146a, a brake of inflammatory response, are involved in higher risk for cardiovascular events, but the mechanisms explaining how miR-146a exerts its function remain largely undefined. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of miR-146a deficiency in NETosis both, in sterile and non-sterile models in vivo, and to inquire into the underlying mechanism. Two models of inflammation were performed: 1) Ldlr-/- mice transplanted with bone marrow from miR-146a-/- or wild type (WT) were fed high-fat diet, generating an atherosclerosis model; and 2) an acute inflammation model was generated by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/Kg) into miR-146a-/- and WT mice. miR-146a deficiency increased NETosis in both models. Accordingly, miR-146a-/- mice showed significant reduced carotid occlusion time and elevated levels of NETs in thrombi following FeCl3-induced thrombosis. Infusion of DNAse I abolished arterial thrombosis in WT and miR-146a-/- mice. Interestingly, miR-146a deficient mice have aged, hyperreactive and pro-inflammatory neutrophils in circulation that are more prone to form NETs independently of the stimulus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that community acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with reduced miR-146a levels associated with the T variant of the functional rs2431697, presented an increased risk for cardiovascular events due in part to an increased generation of NETs.This work was supported by research grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Investing in your future” (PI17/00051 y PI17/01421) (PFIS18/0045: A.M. de los Reyes-García) (CD18/00044: S. Águila), and Fundación Séneca (19873/GERM/15). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), and the Fundación Pro CNIC, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). A.B. Arroyo has a research fellowship from Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (SETH). The MCIU supported A.dM. (predoctoral contract BES-2014-067791).S

Estado del arte del proyecto

Es un proyecto de investigación en el aula, desarrollado por docentes del programa de arquitectura de la Universidad de la Costa con sede en Barranquilla, Colombia. En este se pueden constatar metodologías de enseñanza- aprendizaje diseñadas para cada caso y que representan la impronta personal de cada autor. Es importante resaltar, que todos los argumentos presentados en esta obra corresponden a experiencias diseñadas para asignaturas de las áreas de Diseño, representación y comunicación de proyectos, historia y teoría y Urbanismo. Una experiencia en la que docentes y estudiantes, configuran una vivencia, en el marco de una asignatura que sirve de referencia y aprendizaje en el ejercicio académic

Hitos Demográficos del Siglo XXI: Migración Internacional

La migración ha sido una constante en la historia mundial. Sin embargo, las migraciones que han tenido lugar desde principios del siglo XXI no tienen precedentes, ya que recientemente éstas han alcanzado su mayor volumen en la historia y presentan características que las diferencian de las observadas en periodos anteriores, lo que ha propiciado una nueva conceptualización del fenómeno, enmarcada en lo que algunos estudiosos llaman “la nueva era” de las migraciones internacionales (Arango, 2003, mencionado por Fernández, 2005). Este nuevo ciclo se caracteriza por una profusa re-configuración del mapa migratorio mundial, el cual parece dar cuenta hoy, de una auténtica mundialización migratoria, con una fuerte tendencia a la diversificación de rutas y conexiones origen-destino. El nuevo mapa es el correlato de un escenario de globalización económica, cultural e informacional, que estimula que segmentos amplios de la población respondan cada vez más rápidamente a informaciones y oportunidades que se originan más allá de las fronteras nacionales (CONAPO, 2009). De esta forma la nueva era de la globalización, se ha convertido en un asunto de especial trascendencia. Por un lado, la mejora y expansión de los sistemas de comunicación y transporte y la significativa reducción del tiempo y coste de desplazamiento, así como las disparidades económicas y la existencia de situaciones sociales y políticas extremas han propiciado el crecimiento de los movimientos transnacionales de personas y la intensificación de las presiones migratorias. En este sentido, España nunca ha sido ajena al fenómeno de las corrientes migratorias. Así por ejemplo, en los últimos años y durante la primera mitad del siglo XX y parte de la segunda, grandes contingentes de españoles emigraron hacia diferentes puntos de América Latina y Europa en busca de un empleo y mejor calidad de vida. Pero fue a finales del siglo pasado cuando España, impulsada por el acelerado ritmo de crecimiento económico adoptado en parte gracias a su integración económica en Europa, pasó de ser una economía emisora de emigrantes a una receptora de inmigrantes. Sin embargo, el fenómeno de la inmigración en España cobró verdadera importancia hasta principios del siglo XXI, cuando las fuertes oleadas masivas de personas provenientes de países en vías de desarrollo se dejaron sentir en su estructura poblacional y actividad laboral; de ésta manera, durante el primer quinquenio de este siglo si al 1 de enero del año 2000 los residentes extranjeros en España eran 0.9 millones (que representaban 2.3 por ciento de las personas empadronadas) al 1 de enero de 2005 ya eran 3.7 millones, es decir, 8.5 por ciento de la población residente en el país, habiéndose por tanto cuadriplicado el efectivo de extranjeros en tan sólo cinco años (González, 2006: 2-3; Gil, 2007: 1). Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar las características de los flujos de inmigración actuales en España procedentes de países latinoamericanos, enmarcados en la nueva re-configuración del mapa migratorio mundial

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection