Ground cover and leaf area index relationship in a grass, legume and crucifer crop

Canopy characterization is essential for describing the interaction of a crop with its environment. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC) in a grass, a legume and a crucifer crop, and to assess the feasibility of using these relationships as well as LAI-2000 readings to estimate LAI. Twelve plots were sown with either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), or rape (Brassica napus L.). On 10 sampling dates the LAI (both direct and LAI-2000 estimations), fraction intercepted of photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR) and GC were measured. Linear and quadratic models fitted to the relationship between the GC and LAI for all of the crops, but they reached a plateau in the grass when the LAI mayor que 4. Before reaching full cover, the slope of the linear relationship between both variables was within the range of 0.025 to 0.030. The LAI-2000 readings were linearly correlated with the LAI but they tended to overestimation. Corrections based on the clumping effect reduced the root mean square error of the estimated LAI from the LAI-2000 readings from 1.2 to less than 0.50 for the crucifer and the legume, but were not effective for barley

“Métodos de remoción y degradación de antibióticos en medio acuoso”

En los últimos años, los antibióticos han sido considerados contaminantes emergentes debido a su aporte continuo y su persistente aparición en los ecosiste concentraciones. Estos contaminantes se han detectado en todos los cuerpos acuáticos del mundo, lo que indica su eliminación tratamiento convencionale

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in its westernmost biogeographical limit (northwestern Alboran Sea): Meadows characterisation, phenology and flowering events

Mateo-Ramírez A, Urra J, Rueda J, Marina, Bañares-España E, García Raso E. (2016) Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in its westernmost biogeographical limit (northwestern Alboran Sea): Meadows characterisation, phenology and flowering events. Front. Mar, Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.05.00055Posidonia oceanica is a Mediterranean endemic seagrass species that forms meadows covering ca. 2.5–4.5 millions of hectares, representing ca.25 % of the infralittoral and shallow circalittoral (down to 50m) bottoms of the Mediterranean. This seagrass is considered a habitat-engineer species and provides an elevated number of ecosystem services. In addition the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) includes seagrass like elements to evaluate the “Good Environmental Status” of the European coasts. Information about their phenological characteristic and structure of the meadows is needed for indicator estimations in order to establish their conservation status. The studied meadows are located in the westernmost limit of the P. oceanica distribution (North-western Alboran Sea) in the vecinity of the Strait of Gibraltar, an Atlantic-Mediterranean water transition area. Four sites were selected from East to West: Paraje Natural de Acantilados de Maro-Cerro Gordo (hereafter Maro), Special Area of Conservation “Calahonda” (hereafter Calahonda), Site of Community Importance Estepona (hereafter Estepona) and Punta Chullera (hereafter Chullera) where P. oceanica present their westernmost meadows. Phenological data were recorded from mid November to mid December in P. oceanica patches located at 2 – 3 m depth. At each site three types of patches (patch area 2 m2, large patches) were sampled. At each patch and site, 3 quadrants of 45 x 45 cm were sampled for shoot and inflorescences density measurements. In each quadrant, 10 random shoots were sampled for shoot morphology (shoot height and number of leaves). Shoot and inflorescences densities were standardized to squared meters. All the studied P. oceanica meadows develop on rocks and they present a fragmented structure with a coverage ranging between ca. 45% in Calahonda and Estepona and ca. 31% in Maro. The meadows of Chullera are reduced to a few small - medium patches with areas ranging between 0.5-1.5 m2 (Fig. 1). The meadows of Chullera and Estepona presented similar values of shoot density (ca. 752 – 662 shoots m-2, respectively) and leaf height (ca. 25 cm). Similarly, the Calahonda and Maro meadows also showed similar values of shoot density (ca. 510 – 550 shoots m-2, respectively) but displaying lower values than those of sites located closer to the Strait of Gibraltar. Regarding patch sizes and leaf height, the longest leaves (ca. 25 cm) were found in medium and large patches, but the number of leaves per shoot were higher in the small and the medium size patches (ca. 6.3 leaves per shoot). Flowering was only detected at the Calahonda meadows with maximum values of ca. 330 inflorescences m-2 (115.2 ± 98.2 inflorescences m-2, n= 9; mean ± SD) (Fig.1). Inflorescence density was not significant different among patches of different sizes. In the Alboran Sea and unlike the studied meadows, extensive beds of P. oceanica occur at the National Park of Cabo de Gata (northeastern Alboran Sea), but from east to west (Strait of Gibraltar), meadows are gradually fragmenting and their depth range decrease from 30m to 2m depth between Cabo de Gata and Chullera, respectively. Probably, the Atlantic influence and the characteristic oceanographic conditions of the Alboran Sea (i.e., higher turbidity, higher water turbulence) represent a developmental limiting factor for P. oceanica at higher depths. Similarities between the meadows located closer to Strait of Gibraltar (Chullera and Estepona) were detected as well as between those more distant (Calahonda and Maro). The first ones showed higher values of shoot densities and leaf heights than the formers, which could be relating to the higher hydrodynamic exposure found at Chullera and Estepona meadows. Regarding flowering events, sexual reproduction in P. oceanica is not common in different locations of the Mediterranean Sea. The available information seems to indicate that flowering represent an irregular event and it is related to high seawater temperature. In fact, the flowering episodes that occurred in Calahonda in November 2015, match with the warmest year ever recorded. This is the third flowering event registered in these meadows located close to the westernmost distributional limit of P. oceanica (Málaga, Alboran Sea), which could indicates that these meadows presents a healthy status. Furthermore, the absence of significant differences in relation to inflorescence density between patches of different sizes may be indicating that the fragmentation does not necessarily influence on the flowering of this seagrass species.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Solubilidad e hidrólisis de La, Pr, Eu, Er y Lu en un medio de fuerza iónica 1M de NaCl a 303 k

Se presenta un estudio sobre la determinación de la primera constante de hidrólisis y de la solubilidad de La, Pr, Eu, Er y Lu en un medio 1M de cloruro de sodio a temperatura de 303 K y en condiciones libres de CO2. Mediante un método radiométrico, se construyeron los diagramas pLn-pCH y se determinó la frontera de las zonas no saturada y la saturada, es decir, el pCH de inicio de precipitación. Esos diagramas se ajustaron con un método gráfico que utiliza el polinomio de solubilidad, para determinar el producto de solubilidad y la primera constante de hidrólisis. Este método se emplea por primera vez y es una aportación a la investigación sobre la determinación de las constantes de hidrólisis de los lantánidos. Además, el valor de la primera constante de hidrólisis se determinó a partir de los datos de las valoraciones potenciométricas donde no hay precipitado. Dichos datos se trataron con el programa de cómputo SUPERQUAD y con el método gráfico que utiliza el número promedio de ligandos. También se empleó el método de extracción con disolventes para determinar la primera constante de hidrólisis del lutecio en el medio 1M de NaCl a 303K. Los valores de log Kps que se obtuvieron para La, Pr, Eu, Er y Lu son: –19.53, -20.92, -22.24, -22.62 y –23.05 y los valores promedio de log*β1 son: -8.86 , -8.54, -8.33, -8.11 y –8.06 respectivamente. Con estos datos se tiene un panorama sobre el comportamiento hidrolítico y con base en ellos, se obtuvo una relación empírica con la cual se puede predecir el comportamiento de los otros lantánidos, en el medio 1M de NaCl, a 303 K

Escuela de educación básica: Los Mogotes, Guerrero

48 páginas. Especialización en Diseño.Se presenta el proyecto arquitectónico de para la escuela de educación básica, en Los Mogotes, Guerrero, donde se realiza un análisis de sitio y climático, para con este análisis presentar el proyecto arquitectónico, en este trabajo se retoman los criterios bioclimáticos básicos, en conjunto con la aplicación de tecnologías contemporáneas, demostrando la interactividad que puede existir entre ambas, dejando a un lado la idea de separarlas por ser muy distintas la una de la otra

Sobre una nueva inscripción latina funeraria en Lusitania

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de dar a conocer una nueva inscripción romana, funeraria, sobre granito, procedente del término municipal de Don Benito (Badajoz) y seguramente adscrita al tipo de estelas graníticas tan habituales en el paisaje funerario de Augusta Emerita y su entorno. La pieza –muy fragmentaria– atestigua pese a ello la presencia de un nuevo antropónimo, Surina, hasta ahora no constatado en la epigrafía peninsular.The aim of this paper is to present a new roman inscription, a funerary one, carved on granite and founded in the municipality of Don Benito (Badajoz) probably related with the usual type of granite funerary stelae commonly attested in the funerary landscape of Augusta Emerita. Instead of the very fragmentary aspect of the piece it certifies the presence of a new female name, Surina, still unattested in the hispanic epigraphy

Clasificación y selección de materiales de cambio de fase según sus características para su aplicación en sistemas de almacenamiento de energía térmica

Clasificación y selección de materiales de cambio de fase según sus características para su aplicación en sistemas de almacenamiento de energía térmic

Progressive encoding with non-linear source codes for compression of low-entropy sources

We propose a novel scheme for source coding of non-uniform memoryless binary sources based on progressively encoding the input sequence with non-linear encoders. At each stage, a number of source bits is perfectly recovered, and these bits are thus not encoded in the next stage. The last stage consists of an LDPC code acting as a source encoder over the bits that have not been recovered in the previous stages.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version