797 research outputs found
Imaging oligometastatic cancer before local treatment
The term oligometastases is in common clinical use, but remains poorly defined. As
novel treatment strategies widen the therapeutic window for patients defined as
having oligometastatic cancer, improved biomarkers to reliably define patients who
benefit from these treatments are needed.
Multimodal imaging should be optimized to comprehensively assess the metastatic
sites, disease burden and response to neoadjuvant treatment in each disease setting.
These features will likely remain important prognostic biomarkers, and are critical in
planning multidisciplinary treatment. There are opportunities to extract additional
phenotypic information from conventional imaging, while novel imaging techniques
can also image specific aspects of tumour biology. Imaging can both characterise and
localise the phenotypic heterogeneity of multiple tumour sites. Novel approaches to
existing imaging datasets, and correlation with tumour biology, will be important in
realizing the potential of imaging to guide treatment in the oligometastatic setting.
This article discusses the current status and future directions of imaging in patients
with extracranial oligometastases
Interdisciplinary research collegium in advanced maritime systems design
The education of naval architects, marine engineers and others who are the active contributors to the ship design processes is heavily focussed on engineering fundamentals, often aligned with traditional university course constraints. The concept of a research collegium is described whose aim is to provide an environment where young people in their formative postgraduate years can learn and work in a small, mixed discipline group drawn from the worldwide maritime community to develop their skills whilst completing a project in advanced ship design. The brief that initiates each project sets challenging user requirements which encourage each team to develop an imaginative solution, using their individual knowledge and experience, together with learning derived from teaching which form a common element of the early part of the collegiu
Measurement of the Remaining In-Plane Polarization Transfer Coefficients for the 10-B(p,p') 10-B Reaction at 200 MeV
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY-931478
Medium Effects in the Normal Component Polarization Observables for the 13-C(p,p')13-C, (1/2)- â (9/2)+ Reaction at 200 MeV
This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation Grant NSF PHY-931478
Spatial updating in narratives.
Across two experiments we investigated spatial updating in
environments encoded through narratives. In Experiment 1, in which
participants were given visualization instructions to imagine the protagonistâs
movement, they formed an initial representation during learning but did not
update it during subsequent described movement. In Experiment 2, in which
participants were instructed to physically move in space towards the directions
of the described objects prior to testing, there was evidence for spatial updating.
Overall, findings indicate that physical movement can cause participants to link
a spatial representation of a remote environment to a sensorimotor framework
and update the locations of remote objects while they move
Mass Splitting and Production of and Measured in N Interactions
From a sample of decaying to the
final state, we have observed, in the hadroproduction experiment E791 at
Fermilab, and through
their decays to . The mass difference ) is measured to be ; for
, we find .
The rate of production from decays of the triplet is
(22\pm 2\pm 3) {%} of the total production assuming equal rate
of production from all three, as measured for and .
We do not observe a statistically significant baryon-antibaryon
production asymmetry. The and spectra of from
decays are observed to be similar to those for all 's
produced.Comment: 15 pages, uuencoded postscript 3 figures uuencoded, tar-compressed
fil
Tumour subregion analysis of colorectal liver metastases using semi-automated clustering based on DCE-MRI: Comparison with histological subregions and impact on pharmacokinetic parameter analysis.
PURPOSE: To use a novel segmentation methodology based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to define tumour subregions of liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC), to compare these with histology, and to use these to compare extracted pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters between tumour subregions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This ethically-approved prospective study recruited patients with CRC and â„1 hepatic metastases scheduled for hepatic resection. Patients underwent DCE-MRI pre-metastasectomy. Histological sections of resection specimens were spatially matched to DCE-MRI acquisitions and used to define histological subregions of viable and non-viable tumour. A semi-automated voxel-wise image segmentation algorithm based on the DCE-MRI contrast-uptake curves was used to define imaging subregions of viable and non-viable tumour. Overlap of histologically-defined and imaging subregions was compared using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). DCE-MRI PK parameters were compared for the whole tumour and histology-defined and imaging-derived subregions. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were included in the analysis. Direct histological comparison with imaging was possible in nine patients. Mean DSC for viable tumour subregions defined by imaging and histology was 0.738 (range 0.540-0.930). There were significant differences between Ktrans and kep for viable and non-viable subregions (p < 0.001) and between whole lesions and viable subregions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate good concordance of viable tumour segmentation based on pre-operative DCE-MRI with a post-operative histological gold-standard. This can be used to extract viable tumour-specific values from quantitative image analysis, and could improve treatment response assessment in clinical practice
Regional Adoption of Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce in China: Role of E-Readiness
Adoption of B2B e-commerce is a powerful driver of economic success in developed and developing countries. However, adoption rates in developing countries lag far behind. This paper draws on the Perceived eReadiness Model and research on the influence of inter-organizational relationships and economic-cultural contexts to explain the importance of three factorsâinter-organizational power dependence, cooperativeness, and regional economic-cultural differencesâfor achieving higher levels of Internet-based Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in the developing country of China. We employ survey data to empirically test both the individual and joint influence of these factors. The findings suggest that beyond intra-organizational and external factors, managers and policy makers wanting to promote Internet-based EDI adoption in developing countries must also account for the inter-organizational relationships of firms and the economic and cultural circumstances of the regions in which they operate
Functional and genetic analysis of regulatory regions of coliphage H-19B: location of shiga-like toxin and lysis genes suggest a role for phage functions in toxin release
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74784/1/j.1365-2958.1998.00890.x.pd
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
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