Signal selector, spectrum receivers and touch panel control for the SATCOM signal analyzer

This report documents the design, development, construction, and integration of two major modules and the software interface between the operator and the hardware of the SATCOM Signal Analyzer (SSA). The two modules are the Signal Selector and the Spectrum Receiver. Each SSA contains one Signal Selector which is the system's computer controlled switching network. Laboratory test procedures and results are contained in this report. The SSA has four computer controlled Spectrum Receiver chains which provide real-time multi-channel analysis of satellite downlink signals and local uplink signals. Real-time analysis includes the capability to observe the frequency spectrum with one of four display bandwidths. Laboratory test procedures are documented in this report. The menu concept of operation provides the operator-hardware interface. A menu is a video display of information and a series of buttons presented to the operator on the Hewlett-Packard (HP) 2649A Display Terminal. This report examines the menu concept from source file to display on the operator's console and backup display on the CONRAC QQA-17 large screen video monitorPrepared for: Naval Electronic Systems Command, PME-106-1, Washington, D.C. 20360.http://archive.org/details/signalselectorsp00gam

DECONSTRUCTING ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT: CRITERIA FOR APPLICATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

15 pagesThe concept of adaptive management has, for many ecologists, become a foundation of effective environmental management for initiatives characterized by high levels of ecological uncertainty. Yet problems associated with its application are legendary, and many of the initiatives promoted as examples of adaptive management appear to lack essential characteristics of the approach. In this paper we propose explicit criteria for helping managers and decision makers to determine the appropriateness of either passive or active adaptivemanagement strategies as a response to ecological uncertainty in environmental management. Four categories of criteria—dealing with spatial and temporal scale, dimensions of uncertainty, the evaluation of costs and benefits, and institutional and stakeholder support— are defined and applied using hypothetical yet realistic case-study scenarios that illustrate a range of environmental management problems. We conclude that many of the issues facing adaptive management may have less to do with the approach itself than with the indiscriminate choice of contexts within which it is now applied

Custo de produção, produtividade e renda do eucalipto conduzido para uso múltiplo no norte pioneiro do Estado do Paraná.

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Luz e temperatura na germinação de sementes de pimenta longa (Piper hispidinervum) e pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum).

As espécies Piper hispidinervum e Piper aduncum destacam-se como produtoras de óleos essenciais ricos em compostos de interesse às indústrias de perfumaria e produtos fitossanitários, como o safrol e dilapiol. Essas espécies encontram-se em processo de domesticação e estudos sobre o processo germinativo de suas sementes são escassos. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a viabilidade de sementes de P. hispidinervum e P. aduncum, buscando determinar um protocolo eficiente para a realização do teste de germinação para cada espécie estudada. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de julho a agosto de 2008, sendo as sementes submetidas a diferentes combinações de temperatura e de luz: 20 °C e 25 °C sob luz branca e difusa; e 20-30 °C alternando escuro (16 h) e claro (8 h), totalizando cinco tratamentos. O tratamento utilizando a temperatura de 25 °C com incidência de luz branca foi o que produziu melhores resultados, com maiores valores de porcentagem e velocidade de germinação sendo, portanto, indicado para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de pimenta longa e pimenta-de-macaco

Increases in Waist Circumference and Weight As Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With Impaired Fasting Glucose: Influence of Baseline BMI: Data from the DESIR study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) the relative importance of increases in waist circumference and weight on progression to type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 9-year incidence of diabetes was studied in 979 men and women with baseline IFG, from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort. RESULTS Increases in both waist circumference and weight were significantly associated with diabetes incidence. Standardized odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.79 (1.45–2.21) and 1.86 (1.51–2.30), respectively, after controlling for baseline risk factors. The impact of waist circumference increase was greater for BMI <25 kg/m2 (2.40 [1.63–3.52]) than for BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (1.66 [1.28–2.16]) and persisted after adjusting for concurrent changes in either insulinemia or the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Weight change had a similar impact in both BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with IFG, it is important to monitor and prevent increases in waist circumference, in particular for those with BMI <25 kg/m2

Comparison of Schmallenberg virus antibody levels detected in milk and serum from individual cows

BACKGROUND: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a recently emerged virus of ruminants in Europe. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are commonly used to detect SBV-specific antibodies in bulk tank milk samples to monitor herd exposure to infection. However, it has previously been shown that a bulk tank milk sample can test positive even though the majority of cows within the herd are seronegative for SBV antibodies. Development of a pen-side test to detect antibodies in individual milk samples would potentially provide a cheaper test (for which samples are obtained non-invasively) than testing individual serum samples by ELISA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between antibody levels measured in milk and serum. RESULTS: Corresponding milk and serum samples from 88 cows in two dairy herds in the UK were tested for presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies to SBV using a commercially-available indirect ELISA. A serum neutralisation test (NT) was also performed as a gold standard assay. The ELISA values obtained for the bulk tank milk samples corresponded with the mean values for individual milk samples from each herd (bulk tank milk values were 58% and 73% and mean individual milk values 50% and 63% for herds A and B, respectively). Of the 88 serum samples tested in the NT, 82 (93%) were positive. Although at higher antibody levels, the ELISA values tended to be higher for the individual milk samples than for the corresponding serum samples, the positive predictive value for milk samples was 98% and for serum samples 94%. The serum ELISA was more likely to give false positive results around the lower cut-off value of the assay. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that testing of individual milk samples for antibodies against SBV by ELISA could be used to inform decisions in the management of dairy herds such as which, if any, animals to vaccinate

Jets and jet-like correlations studies from STAR

I present recent results from jets and jet-like correlation measurements from STAR. The pp data are compared to those from Au-Au collisions to attempt to infer information on the medium produced and how hard scattered partons interact with this matter. Results from d-Au events are utilized to investigate the magnitude of cold nuclear matter effects on hard scatterings. The evolution of the underlying event from pp to d-Au collisions is studied. In heavy-ion collisions, background fluctuations are the major source of systematic uncertainties in jet measurements. Detailed studies are therefore being made of these fluctuations and recent progress in our understanding is reported. Jet and jet-hadron correlations results are presented and give clear indications that partonic fragmentation at RHIC is highly modified in the presence of a strongly coupled coloured medium, resulting in a significant broadening and softening of the jet fragments correlation. Finally di-hadron correlations utilizing identified particles as triggers indicate that the "ridge" is stronger for p+K than for pi but that the near-side peak per-trigger yield remains unaltered from d-Au to Au-Au collisions.Comment: Proceedings for QM201

Fertilización de base en un cultivo inicial de pecan con dos marcos de plantación de alta densidad

91-97The fruit of the pecan tree, Carya illinoensis Koch, is considered a very healthy food. In Argentina, pecan cultivation has been expanding rapidly but very little research has been conducted on pecan fertilization and planting systems. The objectives of this study were to characterize some physical-chemical and chemical properties in a pecan crop, and compare different basal fertilization (FB) treatments under two high density plantation frames (MP). Plantation was conducted in Villanueva (Buenos Aires province), on a Tapthoargic Hapludoll, with 10 x 10 m frames (real part: MR) and 8 x 8 m frames (staggered: TR). The experimental design was a split plot with four replications. The main plots were the two frames and the subplots were the different fertilization treatments: Compost (C), Phosphorus (P), slow release Nitrogen (N), and an unfertilized control (T). The determinations to assess the growth of pecan plants were: plant height and stem diameter. With regard to soil fertility, phosphorus fertilization and the addition of compost significatively increased the levels of Bray-P. The organic fertilizer treatment (compost) showed a significant increase in the height of the pecan plantation under the 8 x 8 m frame, which was not apparent in any case for the stem diameter, with a MP x FB significant interaction (P = 0.01) for height variation in the first year. The plantation frame with or without basal fertilization had no effect on pecan volume during the study period

Soil methane sink capacity response to a long-term wildfire chronosequence in Northern Sweden

Boreal forests occupy nearly one fifth of the terrestrial land surface and are recognised as globally important regulators of carbon (C) cycling and greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon sequestration processes in these forests include assimilation of CO2 into biomass and subsequently into soil organic matter, and soil microbial oxidation of methane (CH4). In this study we explored how ecosystem retrogression, which drives vegetation change, regulates the important process of soil CH4 oxidation in boreal forests. We measured soil CH4 oxidation processes on a group of 30 forested islands in northern Sweden differing greatly in fire history, and collectively representing a retrogressive chronosequence, spanning 5000 years. Across these islands the build-up of soil organic matter was observed to increase with time since fire disturbance, with a significant correlation between greater humus depth and increased net soil CH4 oxidation rates. We suggest that this increase in net CH4 oxidation rates, in the absence of disturbance, results as deeper humus stores accumulate and provide niches for methanotrophs to thrive. By using this gradient we have discovered important regulatory controls on the stability of soil CH4 oxidation processes that could not have not been explored through shorter-term experiments. Our findings indicate that in the absence of human interventions such as fire suppression, and with increased wildfire frequency, the globally important boreal CH4 sink could be diminished