Asociación entre Artritis Reumatoidea y otras enfermedades autoinmunes

Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de enfermedades autoinmunes (EAI) en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) y comparar la frecuencia de EAI entre pacientes con AR y sin AR ni otra EAI reumatológica. Material y Métodos: estudio multicéntrico, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con AR (ACR/EULAR 2010) y como grupo control pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de Osteoartritis primaria (OA).

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas en la degradación ruminal in situ del pasto king grass (Pennisetum hybridum) en dos edades de corte

The effect of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme compound (Fibrozyme® 0 and 1.50 g enzyme/kg DM enzyme) on ruminal digestibility and fermentation was evaluated in a diet and king grass hay forage cut at 5 and 70 days. Nylon bags were incubated in the rumen fistulated sheep with king grass hay samples at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, feces and urine samples were taken to quantify the nitrogen retained. In situ degradability of MS king grass hay for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h was not affected by exogenous fibrolytic enzyme compound for both complete diets and for forage. In vivo digestibility (p>0.05) of nutrients was higher in hay 35 d compared to 70 d hay which was not influenced by exogenous fibrolytic enzyme compound. Nitrogen retention was higher for 35 d hay without being influenced by the enzyme compound. We conclude that exogenous fibrolytic enzymes do not affect digestion of nutrients king grass hay pasture.Se evaluó el efecto de un compuesto enzimático fibrolítico exógeno (Enzima; Fibrozyme®; 0 y 1.50 g enzima/kg MS) en la digestibilidad y fermentación ruminal en una dieta y un forraje, en heno de pasto king grass (Pennisetum hybridum) cortado a 35 y 70 días. Se incubaron bolsas de nylon en ovinos fistulados al rumen con muestras de heno de king grass a 0, 12, 24, 48 y 72 h. Se tomaron muestras de heces y orina para cuantificar el nitrógeno retenido. La degradabilidad in situ de MS de heno de king grass durante 12, 24, 48 y 72 h no fue afectada por el compuesto enzimático fibrolítico exógeno, tanto para dietas completas como para el forraje. En la digestibilidad in vivo (p>0.05) de los nutrientes fue mayor en el heno de 35 d comparado con el heno de 70 d el cual no fue influenciada por el compuesto enzimático fibrolítico exógeno. La retención de nitrógeno fue mayor para el heno de 35 d sin ser influenciado por el compuesto enzimático. Se concluye que las enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas no afectan la digestión de los nutrientes del heno del pasto king grass

Natural occurrence of Azospirillum brasilense in petunia with capacity to improve plant growth and flowering

To evaluate the natural occurrence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and petunia plants, local strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods. Three strains were assessed in greenhouse conditions using Petunia × hybrida Ultra™. Treatments: Plants without bacterial inoculation or chemical fertilization; fertilized with NPK and KNO3; and independently inoculated with the strains 2A1, 2A2, and 2E1 by submerging their roots in a bacterial suspension (~106 CFU·ml−1). Root length, dry weight of roots and shoots, leaf area, leaf greenness, and nutrient content were evaluated. The number of days from transplanting to the opening of the first flower and the number of flowers per plant were also determined. As a result, five isolates were characterized as A. brasilense, showing the capacity to produce indoles and siderophores, to solubilize phosphate, nitrogenase activity, and nifH-PCR amplification. In general, all the parameters of the plant assay were improved in plants inoculated with A. brasilense, with variations among the strains, as well as the onset of flowering and the number of flowers per plant, compared with uninoculated or fertilized plants. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of A. brasilense in petunia with the capacity to improve plant growth and flowering.EEA FamailláFil: Toffoli, Lucia Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Norma Nelly. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lovaisa, Nadia Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina.Fil: Delaporte Quintana, Paola Adriana Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Elías, J. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

Evaluación fenológica y digestibilidad in vivo de la Leguminosa Forrajera (Arachis pintoi) en diferentes edades de corte.

The objective in this research was to evaluate the phenology, production and to determine nutritional chemistry composition and in vivo digestibility of A. pintoi and, to establish standards for determining the nutritional value and production based according to the chemistry composition of the plant. The phenological evaluations were carried out at ranch ESPE and in vivo digestibility was executed in Animal Science Faculty from ESPOCH. In the first phase were used experimental plots 10 by 15 m. in four replications. In the second phase the experimental unit was an ovine (n=4). In both tests were used at random experimental designs with a linear additive standard applying a significance level of 5%. It was executed an correlation analysis and linear regression among phonological variables, chemistry composition, digestibility and energy. The whole analysis were carried out with SPSS 10 Statistical package. The greatest productions of green fodder and dry matter (DM) per hectare were obtained at cutting to 75 days with 47,730 and 12,480 kg ha-1, respectively. On the other hand, in chemistry composition of grass protein and in vivo digestibility of dry Matter (DM), the clipped forage to 30 days obtained the greatest values with 24.50 and 66.42%, respectively. The maximum value of net energy for lactation (NEL) was achieved at 30 days cutting reaching 1.51 for decreasing to 1.24 Mcal NEL kg-1 to 75 days.El objetivo de ésta investigación fue evaluar la fenología, producción, composición química nutricional y digestibilidad in vivo de A. pintoi y de establecer modelos matemáticos para determinar el valor nutricional y producción en base a la composición química de la planta. Las evaluaciones fenológicas se realizaron en la hacienda ESPE y la digestibilidad in vivo en la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias de la ESPOCH. En la primera fase se utilizaron parcelas experimentales de 10 x15 m con cuatro repeticiones, mientras que en la segunda fase la unidad experimental fue un ovino (n=4). En ambos ensayos se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un modelo lineal aditivo utilizando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Se realizó un análisis de correlación y regresión lineal entre variables fenológicas, composición química, digestibilidad y energía. Todos los análisis fueron realizados con el paquete SPSS 10. Las mayores producciones de forraje verde y materia seca (MS) por hectárea se obtuvieron con cortes a los 75 días con 47,730 y 12,480 kg ha-1, respectivamente. En cuanto a la composición química de la proteína bruta y digestibilidad in vivo de la MS, el forraje cortado a 30 días obtuvo los mayores valores con 24.50 y 66.42%, respectivamente. El máximo valor de energía neta de lactancia (ENL) se logró en el corte de 30 días, alcanzando 1.51 para luego disminuir a 1.24 Mcal ENL kg-1 a los 75 días

Natural occurrence of Azospirillum brasilense

To evaluate the natural occurrence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and petunia plants, local strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods. Three strains were assessed in greenhouse conditions using Petunia × hybrida Ultra™. Treatments: Plants without bacterial inoculation or chemical fertilization; fertilized with NPK and KNO3; and independently inoculated with the strains 2A1, 2A2, and 2E1 by submerging their roots in a bacterial suspension (~106 CFU·ml−1). Root length, dry weight of roots and shoots, leaf area, leaf greenness, and nutrient content were evaluated. The number of days from transplanting to the opening of the first flower and the number of flowers per plant were also determined. As a result, five isolates were characterized as A. brasilense, showing the capacity to produce indoles and siderophores, to solubilize phosphate, nitrogenase activity, and nifH-PCR amplification. In general, all the parameters of the plant assay were improved in plants inoculated with A. brasilense, with variations among the strains, as well as the onset of flowering and the number of flowers per plant, compared with uninoculated or fertilized plants. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of A. brasilense in petunia with the capacity to improve plant growth and flowering.EEA FamailláFil: Toffoli, Lucia Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Norma Nelly. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lovaisa, Nadia Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina.Fil: Delaporte Quintana, Paola Adriana Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Elías, J. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

Efecto de la adición de inóculo y aditivo en la digestibilidad in situ de la materia seca del ensilado de caña de azúcar

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de un inóculo y un aditivo artesanal, sobre la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (MS) en el ensilado de caña de azúcar (ECS). Los tratamientos fueron: T1) ensilado de caña de azúcar sin inóculo ni aditivo, y T2) ensilado de caña de azúcar con 1% de inóculo y el 1% de aditivo. El inóculo artesanal está compuesto por 10.0% melaza, 1.0% de yogurt natural, 5.0% pollinaza, 0.5% urea y 83.0% de agua; y el aditivo esta formulado con 1.0% urea, 0.1% sulfato de amonio y 0.25% fósforo. Dos vacas Holstein con fístula ruminal permanente (PV 650±50 kg) que fueron utilizados por un período de 15 d para la adaptación a los materiales experimentales y 3 d para la recolección de muestras. Hubo diferencias (p≤0.05) entre tratamientos en la digestibilidad in situ de la MS. T2 muestra un mayor porcentaje de MS en comparación con el tratamiento testigo o T1; estos resultados podrían explicarse porque el inóculo causa una fermentación previa de los nutrientes de la caña de azúcar durante el proceso de ensilaje. El uso de un inóculo y el aditivo en el ensilaje de caña de azúcar cambia la desaparición ruminal de la MS

Comportamiento agronómico y composición química de tres variedades de Brachiaria en diferentes edades de cosecha

The effect of the age (A) and the variety (V) on: plant height (PH) (cm), root longitude (cm) (RL), number of stems (NT) and leaves (NL), forage biomass (FB) (kg MS ha-1), relationship leaf stem (in number and weigh), in situ digestibility DISMS, and chemical composition of Brachiaria decumbens, brizantha and mulatto grass (ruzizienzis 44-6 x brizantha cv. Marandú), cut at the 28, 56, 84 and 112 d was evaluated. A split plot design was used. The main plot was the Brachiaria variety, and the subplots the crop age. The PH, didn�t present differences (p>0.05) among varieties. The RL presented difference (p<0.05) among variety, the best was the mulatto grass for the age 28, 56, 84 and 112 d. The biggest NT to the 56, 84 and 112 d, and NL for plant until the 84 d were obtained for mulatto. The biomass (kg MS ha-1) didn�t present significant differences (p>0.05). The mulatto grass presented the best relationship leaf/stem, to the 28, 56 and 84 d and the brizantha to the 112 d (p<0.05). The digestibility in situ diminished when increasing the age. The major percentage in MS and raw fiber, and smaller protein was presented to the 112 d.Se evaluó el efecto de la edad (E) y la variedad (V) sobre: altura de planta (AP) (cm), longitud de raíz (cm) (LR), número de tallos (NT) y hojas (NH), biomasa forrajera (BF) (kg MS ha-1), relación hoja tallo (en no y peso), digestibilidad in situ DISMS, y composición química de brachiaria decumbens, brizantha y pasto mulato (ruzizienzis 44-6 x brizantha cv. Marandú), cortados a los 28, 56, 84 y 112 d. Se empleó un diseño de parcelas divididas. La parcela grande fue la variedad de brachiaria, y la parcela pequeña la edad de cosecha. La AP, no presentó diferencias (p>0.05) entre variedades. La LR presentó diferencia (p<0.05) entre variedad, la mejor resultó el pasto mulato para la edad de 28, 56, 84 y 112 d. El mayor NT a los 56, 84 y 112 d, y NH por planta hasta los 84 d lo obtuvo mulato. La biomasa (kg MS ha-1) no presentó diferencias significativas (p>0.05). El pasto mulato presentó la mejor relación hoja/tallo, a los 28, 56 y 84 d y el brizantha a los 112 d (p<0.05). La digestibilidad in situ disminuyó al aumentar la edad. El mayor porcentaje de MS y fibra cruda, y menor proteína se presentó a los 112 d