Obrim les aules a la literatura: educació literària i mètodes globalitzats a secundària

Màster Universitari de Formació del Professorat de Secundària Obligatòria i Batxillerat, Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2019-2020, Tutor: Jaume Coll LlinàsAquest Treball Final de Màster pretén reflexionar sobre la importància del paradigma de l’educació literària com a marc didàctic de referència en l’educació secundària obligatòria i sobre la contribució de les metodologies amb enfocament globalitzador al desenvolupament d’una competència literària plena i al descobriment del gust per la lectura, objectius centrals d’aquest paradigma. Per fer-ho, en primer lloc, acotem el concepte d’educació literària, analitzem la seva integració a la normativa educativa vigent (Decret 187/2015 i document de Competències bàsiques de l’àmbit lingüístic), i repassem els beneficis i les possibilitats de transversalitzar la lectura literària de manera programada i coordinada amb altres àmbits curriculars (social, cultura i valors, artístic, i personal i social). En segon lloc, definim els mètodes globalitzats, analitzem la seva contribució a la generació d’aprenentatges significatius i reflexionem sobre l’ús de les constel·lacions literàries com a eina metodològica per introduir l’educació literària en projectes interdisciplinaris i globalitzats. Finalment, presentem una proposta d’intervenció model —pensada per abordar competències i continguts dels àmbits lingüístic, social, cultura i valors, artístic, digital i personal i social a 4t d’ESO amb el centre d’interès de la Guerra Civil espanyola— adaptada al Decret 187/2015 que concreta les propostes i enfocaments teòrics defensats.This Master Thesis aims to consider the importance of the literary education paradigm as a reference framework in secondary education. It also wants to analyse the contribution of methodologies with a global approach to the development of a full literary competence and the discovery of the pleasure for reading. To do this, first of all, we take the concept of literary education, we analyse how it is addressed in current educational regulations (Decree 187/2015 and the document Competències bàsiques de l’àmbit lingüístic). We also go over the benefits and possibilities of promoting literary reading in other curricular areas (social, culture and values, artistic, and personal and social). In second place, we define globalized methods in education and their contribution to the generation of meaningful learning. We also consider the use of literary constellations as a methodological tool to introduce the literary education paradigm in interdisciplinary and globalized projects. Finally, we present an intervention proposal adapted to Decree 187/2015 that allows to materialize the proposals and theoretical approaches defended. This project is thought to work skills and contents of five curricular fields (linguistic, social, culture and values, artistic, digital and personal and social) in the fourth course of secondary school (15-16 years) with the thematic focus of the Spanish Civil War

CO2 soil flux baseline at the technological development plant for CO2 injection at Hontomin (Burgos, Spain)

From the end of 2013 and during the following two years, 20 kt of CO2sc are planned to be injected in a saline reservoir (1500 m depth) at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The target aquifers are Lower Jurassic limestone formations which are sealed by Lower Cretaceous clay units at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The injection of CO2 is part of the activities committed in the Technology Development phase of the EC-funded OXYCFB300 project (European Energy Program for Recovery – EEPR, http://www.compostillaproject.eu), which include CO2 injection strategies, risk assessment, and testing and validating monitoring methodologies and techniques. Among the monitoring works, the project is intended to prove that present-day technology is able to monitor the evolution of injected CO2 in the reservoir and to detect potential leakage. One of the techniques is the measurement of CO2 flux at the soil–atmosphere interface, which includes campaigns before, during and after the injection operations. In this work soil CO2 flux measurements in the vicinity of oil borehole, drilled in the eighties and named H-1 to H-4, and injection and monitoring wells were performed using an accumulation chamber equipped with an IR sensor. Seven surveys were carried out from November 2009 to summer 2011. More than 4000 measurements were used to determine the baseline flux of CO2 and its seasonal variations. The measured values were low (from 5 to 13 g m−2 day−1) and few outliers were identified, mainly located close to the H-2 oil well. Nevertheless, these values cannot be associated to a deep source of CO2, being more likely related to biological processes, i.e. soil respiration. No anomalies were recognized close to the deep fault system (Ubierna Fault) detected by geophysical investigations. There, the CO2 flux is indeed as low as other measurement stations. CO2 fluxes appear to be controlled by the biological activity since the lowest values were recorded during autumn-winter seasons and they tend to increase in warm periods. Two reference CO2 flux values (UCL50 of 5 g m−2 d−1 for non-ploughed areas in autumn–winter seasons and 3.5 and 12 g m−2 d−1 for in ploughed and non-ploughed areas, respectively, in spring–summer time, and UCL99 of 26 g m−2 d−1 for autumn–winter in not-ploughed areas and 34 and 42 g m−2 d−1 for spring–summer in ploughed and not-ploughed areas, respectively) were calculated. Fluxes higher than these reference values could be indicative of possible leakage during the operational and post-closure stages of the storage project

El patrón de fracturación alpina en el sector suroccidental de los Pirineos Vascos

[spa] Esta tesis se encuentra dentro de un proyecto que pretende construir una planta piloto de almacenamiento geológico de CO2, en Hontomín (Plataforma Burgalesa, norte de España). Los objetivos principales son construir un modelo 3D de la estructura de Hontomín y entender el patrón de fracturas de la Plataforma Burgalesa para aplicarlo a la zona de Hontomín. El modelo tridimensional se interpreta a partir de datos de sísmica 3D y es presentado en esta tesis, definiendo la estructura y las principales unidades reservorio y sello. El patrón de fracturas se ha analizado a través de análogos de campo. Concretamente, se ha estudiado la fracturación en las rocas cretácicas superiores de la Plataforma Burgalesa, en la zona de la falla de Ubierna y en el diapiro de Poza de la Sal (cuyos resultados han sido presentados en los tres artículos compilados en la presente tesis). El resultado de estos estudios ha sido integrado y se ha propuesto un modelo de evolución del patrón de fracturación de la zona. Asimismo, se han extrapolado estos datos de fracturación a la estructura de Hontomín dando las directrices del principal patrón de fracturación que se espera.[eng] This thesis is part of a project funded by the Fundación Ciudad de la Energia (CIUDEN), which decided to build a plant science and technology for CO2 capture and storage development in Spain, in the Hontomín anticline (north of Burgos). Within this project have collaborated many research centers in Spain and specifically the "Institut de Recerca de la UB Geomodels" was given the task of characterizing both the threedimensional structure and the fracture pattern that affects the main reservoir and seal structure Hontomín. The purpose of this thesis is precisely to fill this need to characterize the structure together with the Hontomín fracturing, constraining the latter with the acquisition of regional data to characterize the deformation mechanisms responsible for their formation and evolution. From the interpretation of a 3D seismic cube provided by CIUDEN (integrated with information of wells Hontomín-1,-2,-3 and -4), a 3D model of the Hontomín structure has been generated. This model shows a raised platform limited to the south and to the west by two monocline flexures that plunge Mesozoic materials below Cenozoic sedimentary fill of the Bureba basin. To the south, the ENE-WSW monocline culminated by tight E-W folds, which underlines the Quintanilla anticline, connecting with Ubierna Fault near the town of Montorio. Below Quintanilla anticline seismic lines show a strongly dipping fault (parallel to the anticline) dipping towards north, with mainly clockwise displacement (vertical displacement is almost zero or very low and slightly up the northern block). These structures were generated after the sedimentation of the continental Oligocene deposits. Previously of this sedimentation, the area was already affected by a prior Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous structure. It involves developing a bending of carbonate platforms of the terminal Triassic to Middle Jurassic to the north and to the west associated with forced folds, formed mainly during the early stages of the syn-rift sedimentation of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous (specifically contemporary the "Purbeck" facies), which show a growth strata geometry above the oldest bended Jurassic successions. Conversely, strike-slip and reverse faults are younger so they cut lower Cretaceous sequences. The culmination of this dome located in the center of the 3D seismic cube Hontomín shifted to the SE, appears below the angular unconformity that, in this area, separates the sub-horizontal Lower Cretaceous to the tilted succession of the terminal Triassic-Upper Jurassic to the north and to the west. This shift in the position of the dome culmination is innate in the folding of angular unconformities as shows the work of Suppe et al., 1992. Data analyzed in the Burgalesa Platform show that the fracture pattern depends primarily on: 1) The tectonic events that have affected the material; 2) the position of the rocks in relation to major faults affecting the area; and 3) the lithology of the rock where they developed. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous materials are affected by the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous extension and by the subsequent Pyrenean compression. Thus, they present a complex pattern that includes NW-SE to E-O extensional faults and NNE-SSW and WNW-ESE joints. These fractures, mostly, were generated during the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous extension and were partly contractively reactivated during the compression event. The density and degree of deformation generated is fairly constant throughout the study area and increases considerably over Ubierna deformed bands and Oña where compressive Cenozoic deformation was more intense. Also, it appears to be higher around salt diapirs. The upper Cretaceous successions, only affected by compressive Pyrenean deformation are less fractured. In general, these sequences one can distinguish two patterns fracturing; one located along directional deformation bands that bounds the Burgalesa platform, and the other developed at the inside of the raised platform. The deformed Ubierna band is characterized by right strike-slip faults oriented WNW -ESE and by a penetrative network of NNW -SSE joints. In this zone thrust are oriented NE- SW and the left strike-slip faults are oriented NE-SW. Otherwise, in the deformed Oña band, is characterized by NS to NNW-SSE cleavages, WSW-ENE joints and faults WNW –ESE left strike-slip faults and subordinately, NE-SW right strike-slip faults. Out of these deformed bands, the deformation is less intense and is made especially for joints orientated WNW-ESE, WSW-ENE, NNW-SSE and NNE-SSO. Moreover, this area present also other types of fractures (although less abundant than joints) constituted by extensive faults oriented WNW-ESE, NNW-SSE and WSW-ENE, compressive faults (and cleavages) oriented ENE-WSW, WNW-ESE and NE-SW right strike-slip faults and WNW-ESE left strike-slip fault

Active seismic characterization experiments of the Hontomín research facility for geological storage of CO2, Spain

An active source seismic experiment was carried out as part of the subsurface characterization study of the first Spanish Underground Research Facility for Geological Storage of CO2 in Hontomín (Burgos, Spain). The characterization experiment included a 36km2 3D seismic reflection survey and two three-component seismic profiles. The target reservoir is a saline aquifer located at 1450m depth within Lower Jurassic carbonates (Lias). The main seal is formed by interlayered marlstones and marly limestones of Early to Middle Jurassic age (Dogger and Lias). The seismic images obtained allow defining the 3D underground architecture of the reservoir site. The structure consists of an asymmetric dome crosscut by a relatively complex fault system. The detailed characterization of the fracture system is currently under study to unravel the geometric distribution of the faults and their extent within the different formations that form the structure. The constrained model has guided the design of the injection and monitoring boreholes and provided the data for the baseline study. The resultant high resolution seismic model will be used as a reference in future monitoring stages