Las visitas a los juzgados como actividad práctica para la docencia del Derecho Procesal

This paper is focussed on how visits to the Courts of Justice may be regarded as a practical activity for teaching Procedural Law. After performing this activity for several years, accompanying our students to court hearings, trials and other sorts of judicial proceedings, we carried out a survey about this kind of visits, their usefulness, their frequency and the work that must be done in class before and after them. In this study, the results of over three hundred surveys are presented, analyzed and evaluated, as well as measures to improve this activity are proposed and explained.Nuestro trabajo se centra en el estudio de la actividad consistente en asistir y presenciar actuaciones judiciales reales, como práctica para la enseñanza del Derecho Procesal. Tras la experiencia de acudir varios años con alumnos a los juzgados, hemos elaborado un cuestionario en el que se les interroga acerca de la utilidad y el interés formativo de estas visitas, la frecuencia y el momento que estiman más adecuados, y sobre el trabajo previo y posterior con que se han de acompañar. Los resultados obtenidos en algo más de trescientas encuestas se exponen, analizan y valoran, ofreciendo finalmente una serie de conclusiones que permitirán mejorar y enriquecer esta actividad, al recoger la opinión de los alumnos

Treatment variability and its relationships to outcomes among patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy: A multicenter retrospective study

Background: Despite guidelines and recommendations, Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) treatment lacks evidence, leading to clinical practice variability.Aims: Given the overall lack of information on thiamine use for WE treatment, we analyzed data from a large, well-characterized multicenter sample of patients with WE, examining thiamine dosages; factors associated with the use of different doses, frequencies, and routes; and the influence of differences in thiamine treatment on the outcome.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with data from 443 patients from 21 centers obtained from a nationwide registry of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (from 2000 to 2012). Discharge codes and Caine criteria were applied for WE diagnosis, and treatment-related (thiamine dosage, frequency, and route of administration) demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were analyzed.Results: We found marked variability in WE treatment and a low rate of high-dose intravenous thiamine administration. Seventy-eight patients out of 373 (20.9%) received > 300 mg/day of thiamine as initial dose. Patients fulfilling the Caine criteria or presenting with the classic WE triad more frequently received parenteral treatment. Delayed diagnosis (after 24 h hospitalization), the fulfillment of more than two Caine criteria at diagnosis, mental status alterations, and folic acid deficiency were associated significantly with the lack of complete recovery. Malnutrition, reduced consciousness, folic acid deficiency, and the lack of timely thiamine treatment were risk factors for mortality.Conclusions: Our results clearly show extreme variability in thiamine dosages and routes used in the management of WE. Measures should be implemented to ensure adherence to current guidelines and to correct potential nutritional deficits in patients with alcohol use disorders or other risk factors for WE

Plan de Acción Tutorial para nuevos estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa

Memoria ID-010. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022

Conviviendo en Positivo: Educación en salud, Atención Consciente, Compasión activa y Resiliencia

Proyecto de innovación docente enfocado en valores nucleares y convivencia en una sociedad serodiscordante, es continuidad del P89/2018, titulado “competencias intra e interpersonales, sexo consciente, fármacos y mindfulness”. Durante el primer semestre, desde el paradigma de aprendizaje cooperativo, basado en resolución de proyectos, se desarrolló la investigación documental, reflexión y debate sobre estos centros de interés: valores nucleares & VIH: abordaje de la seropositividad; adherencia terapéutica; estudio PARTNER indetectable es igual a intransmisible; profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP); convivir en serodiscordancia; encuestas sobre estigmatización y discriminación social y sanitaria; riesgos globales de la discriminación terapéutica; relaciones interpersonales y emociones aflictivas; mindfulness y compasión basado en la evidencia; psicología positiva y resiliencia. En el segundo semestre, durante la fase cero del estado de alerta sanitaria, se desarrolló una intervención psicoeducativa, dirigida a facilitar estrategias que ayudasen a gestionar mejor el impacto emocional generado por la incertidumbre, la restricción de movilidad territorial, el confinamiento, y el miedo al contagio de la COVID-19. Perpetuar el estigma ante VIH, es una violación de los derechos humanos. Como antídoto a la indiferencia, se integró en nuestra intervención el fomento de la compasión activa, entendida como un sentido básico de cuidado, sensibilidad y apertura hacia el sufrimiento propio y de los demás, y la intención genuina de intentar aliviarlo y prevenirlo. La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 es una oportunidad para entender que ante este virus, aquí y ahora, la única opción es prevenirlo, detectarlo mediante pruebas y confinarlo, es decir no transmitirlo y no reinfectarse. Si de forma transversal somos capaces de interiorizarlo y normalizar la convivencia en serodiscordancia, si normalizamos las pruebas diagnósticas rutinarias, podremos entre todas y todos reducir hasta un 90% la transmisión activa otra pandemia de la que hoy no se habla, del VIH, de este modo conseguiríamos minimizar la aparición de nuevos casos, frenar su avance y vencer definitivamente al SIDA

Anti-IL-6 Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Graves? Orbitopathy: National Multicenter Observational Study of 48 Patients

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Our aim was to assess the e cacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in GO refractory to conventional therapy. This was an open-label multicenter study of glucocorticoid-resistant GO treated with TCZ. The main outcomes were the best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA), Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and intraocular pressure (IOP). These outcome variables were assessed at baseline, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month after TCZ therapy onset. The severity of GO was assessed according to the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). We studied 48 (38 women and 10 men) patients (95 eyes); mean age standard deviation 51 11.8 years. Before TCZ and besides oral glucocorticoids, they had received IV methylprednisolone (n = 43), or selenium (n = 11). GO disease was moderate (n =29) or severe (n = 19) and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) (n = 7). TCZ was used in monotherapy (n = 45) or combined (n = 3) at a dose of 8 mg/kg IV every four weeks (n = 43) or 162 mg/s.c. every week (n = 5). TCZ yielded a significant improvement in all of the main outcomes at the 1st month that was maintained at one year. Comparing the baseline with data at 1 year all of the variables improved; BCVA (0.78 0.25 vs. 0.9 0.16; p = 0.0001), CAS (4.64 1.5 vs. 1.05 1.27; p = 0.0001) and intraocular pressure (IOP) (19.05 4.1 vs. 16.73 3.4 mmHg; p = 0.007). After a mean follow-up of 16.1 2.1 months, low disease activity (CAS 3), was achieved in 88 eyes (92.6%) and TCZ was withdrawn in 29 cases due to low disease activity (n = 25) or ine cacy (n = 4). No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, TCZ is a useful and safe therapeutic option in refractory GO treatment.This work was also partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER) and RD12/0009/0013 from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) (Spain)

Semilleros de Investigación 2014, n.° 29

Unijus promueve y apoya el desarrollo e implementación de programas y proyectos de investigación que aporten al conocimiento de la realidad nacional e internacional, de las instituciones jurídicas, políticas y sociales, así como de las teorías jurídicas y políticas que contribuyan a la construcción de nuevas propuestas para la solución de las problemáticas que aquejan la sociedad. Por tal motivo, es fundamental el apoyo constante a la formación de semilleros de investigación en la Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Sede Bogotá, así como la consolidación de los semilleros ya existentes. En el año 2014, se desarrolló la Convocatoria n.° 074 para la selección de Semilleros de Investigación, modalidades I y II. Como resultado de dicho proceso fueron seleccionadas trece propuestas de investigación integradas por un total de 43 estudiantes, quienes a su vez se encontraban vinculados a ocho grupos de investigación adscritos a Unijus."Presentación Sección I ¿Cómo se significan las víctimas del conflicto social y armado colombiano? Reflexiones en el marco de los diálogos de paz de La Habana How are the victims of the Colombian social and armed conflict signified? Lina María López Castillo, Daniela Mahe Soto, Natalia Mosquera Pedreros, Andrés Ignacio Sánchez Zúñiga Grupo de Investigación Seguridad y Defensa Medios de Comunicación, Poder Punitivo y Proceso de paz Mass media, Punitive Power and Peace Dialoges Juan Manuel Bañol Arias, Juanita Camila Triana Quimbaya, Michael Stiven Reyes Barreto Grupo Investigación Cultura Jurídico-Política, Instituciones y Globalización La Cumbre Agraria, Campesina, Étnica y Popular y los diálogos de paz de La Habana The Agrarian, Peasant, Ethnic and Popular Summit and the peace talks of Havana Andrés Felipe Pardo Jiménez, Luisa María Guevara Álvarez Grupo de Investigación Estudios Políticos y Sociales El papel de los politólogos egresados en el marco del Proceso de Paz y un eventual posconflicto The role of political scientists graduates under the peace process and eventually post-conflict María Camila Contreras Becerra, Sergio Alejandro Gómez Velázquez, Juan Sebastián Moncada Casallas Grupo de Investigación Partidos Políticos y Sistemas Electorales Sección II Justicia comunitaria en la zona de reserva campesina de Cabrera, Sumapaz Community Justice in the area of peasant reserve of Cabrera, Sumapaz John Mario Montenegro, Carlos Mauricio Cruz, David Andrés Rodríguez Grupo de Investigación Escuela de Justicia Comunitaria Evaluación del programa de territorios de vida y paz en la upz La Sabana, Bogotá 2012-2014 Evaluation of the Program of Life and Peace Territories in the Upz La Sabana, Bogota 2012-2014 Carolina Cristancho, Ana María Tarazona, Sergio Iván González, Andrés Felipe Espinosa Grupo de Investigación Seguridad y Defensa Una lucha más allá de las fronteras nacionales: el caso del pueblo indígena Awá, 2009-2014 A Fight Beyond National Borders the Case of Indigenous Awa, 2009-2014 Danna Carolina Aguilar Gómez, Jefferson José Cruz Medina, Juan David Sánchez Vargas, Sergio Esteban Torres Chaves Grupo de Investigación Relaciones interétnicas y minorías culturales Derecho a la vivienda, victimas y políticas públicas. Caso: proyecto Usme metro 136 Right to Housing, Victims, and Public Policies. Case: project Usme metro 136 Sebastián Alberto Betancourt Cruz, Iliana Jineth Yepes Acuña, Sara Camila Arias Castañeda Grupo de Investigación presidencialismo y participación Atravesando Fronteras: relatos de Colombianos en el Exterior Crossing Borders: stories of Colombians Abroad Jonathan Daniel Barón Barreto, Gonzalo Andrés Duarte Hurtado, Alejandro Aguirre González Grupo de Investigación Partidos Políticos y Sistemas Electorales Sección III Los paradigmas democráticos y el modelo colombiano: un análisis desde el sujeto, el voto y la representación The democratic Paradigms and the Colombian model: A Perspective from the subject, the vote and the representation Diana Marcela Daza Gacha, Jacobo Díaz Blandón, Laura Cristina Montenegro Sarmiento Grupo de Investigación Derecho Constitucional y Derechos Humanos Balance legislativo sobre el territorio y la identidad raizal en San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina Legislative Assesment About Raizal Territory and Identity in San Andres, Providencia Y Santa Catalina Aixa Tatiana Cordero Romero, Laura Juliana Cortés Buitrago, Brenda Gabriela Muskus González, Silvia Juliana Tello Solano Grupo de Investigación Relaciones interétnicas y minorías culturales La maternidad subrogada en Colombia Surrogacy maternity in Colombia Andrea Carolina Reyes Olmos, David Felipe Morales Martínez, José Nicolás Pulido Nieto Grupo de Investigación vinculado al departamento de Derecho Análisis del comportamiento legislativo del Acto Legislativo 02 de 2015 “Por medio del cual se adopta una reforma de Equilibrio de Poderes y Reajuste Institucional y se dictan otras disposiciones” durante su proceso de aprobación en el Congreso de la República Analysis of legislative behavior of Legislative Act 02 of 2015 where by reform balance of powers and Institutional Readjustment is adopted and other provisions during its approval process in Congress Juan Pablo Garnica Munévar, Isaac Morales Pérez, Andrés Leonardo Villamil Duarte Grupo de Investigación Partidos Políticos y Sistemas Electorales

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries