183 research outputs found
The End of EU Financial Regulatory Internationalism?
Introduction: This
paper
grapples
with
the
issue
of
EU
internationalism
in
the
area
of
financial
regulation.
It
first
delineates
between
two
dimensions
of
internationalism
â
integrationism
and
multilateralism
â
noting
that
since
2007
it
is
increasingly
difficult
to
be
internationalist
in
both
senses.
After
discussing
policymakersâ
confidence
in
EU
internationalism
as
well
as
scholarly
debates,
we
report
on
our
own
comparative
study
of
nine
regulatory
areas,
over
time
and
with
respect
to
the
US
and
international
soft
law.
Our
findings
suggest
that
compared
to
2007
the
EU
and
the
US
have
become
less
integrationist
â
though
they
have
done
so
in
a
coordinated
fashion,
at
least
through
2011,
but
less
so
afterwards;
and
the
EU,
contrary
to
its
image
as
portrayed
by
EU
officials,
has
also
become
less
multilateralist,
notably
after
2010,
in
contrast
to
a
US
pattern
of
relative
stability.
The
explanatory
sections
of
the
paper
thus
focus
on
the
inflection
point
between
2010
and
2011,
preceded
by
high
levels
of
Transatlantic
coordination
and
followed
by
a
decline
of
EU
multilateralist
behavior.
We
attribute
both
to
a
combination
of
three
interrelated
causal
variables:
public
salience;
UK-ÂâContinental
relations;
and
the
distance
between
EU
preferences
and
transnational
soft
law.
We
provide
empirical
evidence
in
support
of
all
three
National Institutions and High Tech Industries: A Varieties of Capitalism Perspective on the Failure of Germany's Neuer Markt
Effects of stop signal modality, stop signal intensity and tracking method on inhibitory performance as determined by use of the stop signal paradigm
Thriving at work: Toward its measurement, construct validation, and theoretical refinement
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90225/1/job756.pd
Inducing mineral precipitation in groundwater by addition of phosphate
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Induced precipitation of phosphate minerals to scavenge trace elements from groundwater is a potential remediation approach for contaminated aquifers. The success of engineered precipitation schemes depends on the particular phases generated, their rates of formation, and their long term stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the precipitation of calcium phosphate minerals under conditions representative of a natural groundwater. Because microorganisms are present in groundwater, and because some proposed schemes for phosphate mineral precipitation rely on stimulation of native microbial populations, we also tested the effect of bacterial cells (initial densities of 10<sup>5 </sup>and 10<sup>7 </sup>mL<sup>-1</sup>) added to the precipitation medium. In addition, we tested the effect of a trace mixture of propionic, isovaleric, formic and butyric acids (total concentration 0.035 mM).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The general progression of mineral precipitation was similar under all of the study conditions, with initial formation of amorphous calcium phosphate, and transformation to poorly crystalline hydroxylapatite (HAP) within one week. The presence of the bacterial cells appeared to delay precipitation, although by the end of the experiments the overall extent of precipitation was similar for all treatments. The stoichiometry of the final precipitates as well as Rietveld structure refinement using x-ray diffraction data indicated that the presence of organic acids and bacterial cells resulted in an increasing <it>a </it>and decreasing <it>c </it>lattice parameter, with the higher concentration of cells resulting in the greatest distortion. Uptake of Sr into the solids was decreased in the treatments with cells and organic acids, compared to the control.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the minerals formed initially during an engineered precipitation application for trace element sequestration may not be the ones that control long-term immobilization of the contaminants. In addition, the presence of bacterial cells appears to be associated with delayed HAP precipitation, changes in the lattice parameters, and reduced incorporation of trace elements as compared to cell-free systems. Schemes to remediate groundwater contaminated with trace metals that are based on enhanced phosphate mineral precipitation may need to account for these phenomena, particularly if the remediation approach relies on enhancement of <it>in situ </it>microbial populations.</p
Transnational Business Governance Interactions and Technical Systems in Global Finance
Metamotivation: Emerging Research on the regulation of motivational states
The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2019.10.001. © 2020. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Until recently, research examining the self-regulation of motivation focused primarily on
the strategies people use to bolster the amount of motivation they have for pursuing a task goal. In contrast, our metamotivational framework highlights the importance of also examining if people recognize which qualitatively distinct types of motivation (e.g., promotion vs. prevention) are most helpful for achieving their goal, given the demands of the task or situation. At the heart of this framework is the idea that any given motivational state involves performance tradeoffs, such that it may be relatively beneficial for some tasks, but detrimental for others. In this piece, we review research suggesting that, on average, people (a) possess metamotivational knowledge of such tradeoffs (particularly those posited by regulatory focus theory, self-determination theory, and construal level theory), (b) recognize strategies that could be used to induce adaptive motivational states, and (c) implement this knowledge (at times) to increase the likelihood of performance success. We also discuss future directions for metamotivation research, including whether and when individual differences in metamotivational knowledge predict real-world outcomes, how such metamotivational knowledge develops, and whether there is a general metamotivational competency that predicts peopleâs sensitivity to a broad range of motivationally-relevant performance tradeoffs.This work was supported by funding from the Buehler Sesquicentennial Assistant
Professorship, the James S. McDonnell Foundation (Collaborative Grant No. 220020483), the National Science Foundation (Grant #1626733), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant #435-2017-0184). The opinions expressed here are our own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organization
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