Crecimiento empresarial mediante modelos de franquicias con respecto a las estrategias tradicionalistas en el sector de alimentos en Colombia.

El desarrollo empresarial de las empresas pymes en Colombia tienen como núcleo central adoptar una posición estratégica en el mercado el cual le permita reducir brechas frente a competidores de mayor dimensión y, mantener crecimientos estables en el sector donde pertenezcan. Sin embargo, a pesar de que durante los últimos años las empresas pequeñas y medianas reflejen un considerable auge de crecimiento, se enfrentan a múltiples limitaciones por diferentes circunstancias para la creación de valor y expansiones de negocio. En este orden de ideas, este trabajo muestra cómo los modelos de franquicias se convierten en estrategias de crecimiento, de supervivencia e innovación para que las empresas pymes sean rentables y capaces de generar flujos de efectivo para sus proyectos de expansión. El contenido del estudio abarca generalidades del modelo de franquicias mostrando sus ventajas, su esquema de operación y algunos casos de éxito en diferentes sectores del país; así mismo, se aplicará la estructura de dicha estrategia en una empresa local llamada “Don Jediondo Sopitas y Parrilla” para evaluar sus beneficios financieros.Introducción ; Planteamiento del problema ; Objetivo general ; Marco teórico ; Estado del arte ; Marco metodológico ; Crecimiento empresarial ; Apalancamiento en las empresas pymes ; Estrategia de supervivencia y crecimiento ; Estado de resultados ; Conclusiones.Magíster en Finanzas CorporativasThe core business development of SME (small and medium enterprise) companies in Colombia is to adopt a strategic position in the market that allows it to reduce gaps compared to larger competitors and maintain stable growth in the sector where they belong. However, despite the fact that these companies have reflected a considerable growth boom in recent years, they face multiple limitations due to different circumstances for value creation and business expansions. In this order of ideas, this project shows how franchise models become growth, survival and innovation strategies so that SME companies are profitable and capable of generating cash flows for their expansion projects. The content of this study covers generalities of the franchise model showing its advantages, its operation scheme and some success stories in different sectors of the country; likewise, the structure of said strategy will be applied in a local company called "Don Jediondo Sopitas y Parrilla" to assess his financial benefits

Personality traits and career choices among physicians in Finland : employment sector, clinical patient contact, specialty and change of specialty

Background: Personality influences an individual's adaptation to a specific job or organization. Little is known about personality trait differences between medical career and specialty choices after graduating from medical school when actually practicing different medical specialties. Moreover, whether personality traits contribute to important career choices such as choosing to work in the private or public sector or with clinical patient contact, as well as change of specialty, have remained largely unexplored. In a nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians (N = 2837) we examined how personality traits are associated with medical career choices after graduating from medical school, in terms of employment sector, patient contact, medical specialty and change of specialty. Methods: Personality was assessed using the shortened version of the Big Five Inventory (S-BFI). An analysis of covariance with posthoc tests for pairwise comparisons was conducted, adjusted for gender and age with confounders (employment sector, clinical patient contact and medical specialty). Results: Higher openness was associated with working in the private sector, specializing in psychiatry, changing specialty and not practicing with patients. Lower openness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in general practice as well as ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a high amount of patient contact and specializing in surgery and other internal medicine specialties. Lower conscientiousness was associated with specializing in psychiatry and hospital service specialties. Higher agreeableness was associated with working in the private sector and specializing in general practice and occupational health. Lower agreeableness and neuroticism were associated with specializing in surgery. Higher extraversion was associated with specializing in pediatrics and change of specialty. Lower extraversion was associated with not practicing with patients. Conclusions: The results showed distinctive personality traits to be associated with physicians' career and specialty choices after medical school independent of known confounding factors. Openness was the most consistent personality trait associated with physicians' career choices in terms of employment sector, amount of clinical patient contact, specialty choice and change of specialty. Personality-conscious medical career counseling and career guidance during and after medical education might enhance the person-job fit among physicians.Peer reviewe

Paracoccidioidomicosis con afectación mucocutánea. Reporte de un caso

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, with a high incidence in Brazil and Latin America. The disease is clinically, classified in a juvenile - acute form and a chronic adult form. The primary lesion starts in the lungs through the inhalation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis through the respiratory tract. It may spread hematogenously and lymphatically to other organs, as well as the skin and mucous membranes. Skin and mucosa manifestations are characterized by the formation of granulomatous lesions, organized according to the type of host¨s pattern of immune response. People that works in agriculture and lives in rural areas are considered high risk of infection group. The diagnosis is based on direct identification of the fungus with the microscope, culture or histology sample of the clinical specimen. In addition, molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrate high sensitivity, considered appropiate for diagnosis and follow-up treatment. The choice of treatment depends on the state of the disease and is medicated with azole derivatives such as amphotericin B and sulfonamides. It is reported the case of a male patient, a farmer, with no systemic contributor, who inhaled Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. He presented granulomatous lesions in oral cavity, clinical, imaging and histopathological examinations were carried out, to diagnose paracoccidioidomycosis with mucocutaneous affectation. He was successfully treated at the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of the National Hospital Hipólito Unanue (HNHU) Lima-Peru.La Paracoccidioidomicosis es una micosis sistémica causada por el hongo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, con alta incidencia en Brasil y América Latina. La enfermedad se clasifica clínicamente en una forma juvenil - aguda y una forma adulta crónica. La lesión primaria se inicia en los pulmones a través de la inhalación de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis por el tracto respiratorio. Puede extenderse por vía hematógena y linfática a otros órganos, así como la piel y las mucosas. Las manifestaciones en piel y mucosas se caracterizan por la formación de lesiones granulomatosas, organizadas de acuerdo con el tipo de patrón de respuesta inmune. Las personas que trabajan en la agricultura y viven en zonas rurales se encuentran en alto riesgo de infección. El diagnóstico se basa en la identificación directa del hongo con el microscopio, el cultivo o la histología del espécimen clínico. Además, las técnicas de biología molecular como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) demuestran una alta sensibilidad, adecuada para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento del tratamiento. La elección del tratamiento depende del estado de la enfermedad y se realiza con derivados de azol, como la anfotericina B y las sulfonamidas. Se reporta el caso de un paciente varón, agricultor, sin antecedentes sistémicos contributorios, que inhaló Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Presentó lesiones granulomatosas en la cavidad oral, se realizó los exámenes clínicos, imagenológicos e histopatológicos, llegando al diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis con afectación mucocutánea. Fue tratado con éxito en el servicio de cirugía bucal y maxilofacial del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue Lima-Perú

Medical specialty choice and well-being at work : Physician's personality as a moderator

We examined whether physicians' personality traits moderate the association between medical specialty and well-being at work. Nationally representative sample of Finnish physicians (n = 2,815; 65% women; aged 25-72 years in 2015) was used. Personality was assessed with the shortened Big Five Inventory. Indicators of well-being at work were measured with scales from Work Ability Index, General Health Questionnaire, Jenkins' Sleep Problems Scale and Suicidal Ideation. Higher extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness showed as personality traits beneficial for higher well-being at work among person-oriented specialties whereas higher conscientiousness but lower openness and agreeableness showed as personality traits beneficial for higher well-being at work among technique-oriented specialties. The role of neuroticism remains minor in general. Physicians' personality traits may moderate the association between medical specialty and well-being at work.Peer reviewe

Diagnóstico de la productividad sectorial en Antioquia

RESUMEN: El trabajo presenta las principales características de productividad y competitividad de seis sectores estratégicos de Medellín y Antioquia. Utilizando el “diamante de Porter”, se hace un diagnóstico global de los sectores y un análisis individual que conduce a plantear una serie de recomendaciones generales dirigidas al gobierno, empresarios e instituciones interesadas en impulsar proyectos o acciones para la mejora de la competitividad

An updated list of the Mexican herpetofauna: with a summary of historical and contemporary studies

The growth in our knowledge of the diversity of the herpetofauna of Mexico has occurred over the period of approximately 445 years from the work of Francisco Hernández to that of a broad multinational array of present-day herpetologists. The work of this huge group of people has established Mexico as one of the most significant centers of herpetofaunal biodiversity in the world. This status is the result of a complex orography, in addition to diverse habitats and environments and the biogeographic history of Mexico. The current herpetofauna consists of 1,421 native and introduced species, allocated to 220 genera, and 61 families. This figure is comprised of 1,405 native species and 16 non-native species (as of April 2023). The non-native species include two anurans, 13 squamates, and one turtle. The level of endemism is very high, presently lying at 63%, with this level expected to increase with time. Species richness varies among the 32 federal entities in the country, from a low of 50 in Tlaxcala to a high of 492 in Oaxaca. Amphibian species richness by state-level can be envisioned as comprising three levels of low, medium, and high, with the lowest levels occurring in the Peninsula of Baja California, a group of seven states in north-central and central Mexico, and a group of three states in the Yucatan Peninsula, with the highest levels occupying the southern states of Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, and the medium level in the remaining states of the country. Reptile species richness also can be allocated to three categories, with the lowest level occupying Baja California Sur, a group of central states, and the states of the Yucatan Peninsula, and the highest level found in a cluster of the states of Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Knowledge of the Mexican herpetofauna will continue to grow with additional studies on systematics, conservation, and the construction of checklists at various levels

Economía y finanzas sociales: avances en la investigación

Esta obra colectiva propone un cambio de paradigma en la investigación científica, financiera y económica, cuyo centro de atención es reducir las desigualdades sociales y económicas, mejorar la sostenibilidad ambiental y la creación eficiente de valor económico. Desde un punto de vista crítico y mediante diversos enfoques teóricos, metodológicos y disciplinares, los autores analizan el esquema financiero predominante en las economías de mercado, al tiempo que abordan temas como la inclusión financiera, la banca ética o las experiencias e intervenciones en y sobre la economía social.ITESO, A.C

Variation in Structure and Process of Care in Traumatic Brain Injury: Provider Profiles of European Neurotrauma Centers Participating in the CENTER-TBI Study.

INTRODUCTION: The strength of evidence underpinning care and treatment recommendations in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is low. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has been proposed as a framework to provide evidence for optimal care for TBI patients. The first step in CER is to map the existing variation. The aim of current study is to quantify variation in general structural and process characteristics among centers participating in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. METHODS: We designed a set of 11 provider profiling questionnaires with 321 questions about various aspects of TBI care, chosen based on literature and expert opinion. After pilot testing, questionnaires were disseminated to 71 centers from 20 countries participating in the CENTER-TBI study. Reliability of questionnaires was estimated by calculating a concordance rate among 5% duplicate questions. RESULTS: All 71 centers completed the questionnaires. Median concordance rate among duplicate questions was 0.85. The majority of centers were academic hospitals (n = 65, 92%), designated as a level I trauma center (n = 48, 68%) and situated in an urban location (n = 70, 99%). The availability of facilities for neuro-trauma care varied across centers; e.g. 40 (57%) had a dedicated neuro-intensive care unit (ICU), 36 (51%) had an in-hospital rehabilitation unit and the organization of the ICU was closed in 64% (n = 45) of the centers. In addition, we found wide variation in processes of care, such as the ICU admission policy and intracranial pressure monitoring policy among centers. CONCLUSION: Even among high-volume, specialized neurotrauma centers there is substantial variation in structures and processes of TBI care. This variation provides an opportunity to study effectiveness of specific aspects of TBI care and to identify best practices with CER approaches

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo