The Russian Background in George Sand’s Novel L’Homme de Neige

The article presents results obtained after a thorough research of the ways of interpreting the “Russian theme” by George Sand, which has not yet become the subject of a separate study. The writer’s works for a wide range of readers objectify ethno-stereotypes related to the geographical remoteness of Russia, its climate, state structure, and national character. Based on Sand’s novel, L'Homme de Neige (1859), the article shows how the Russian theme fits into the context of her worldview and develops in accordance with her idiostyle, in which binary oppositions play a crucial role. Russian characters in the novel have no independent value but act as antipodes for good ones, whose life position is consonant with the writer’s ideas. The opposition of patriotism, authenticity, sincerity, honesty, and selflessness to corruption, imitation, hypocrisy, cunning, and mercenariness, attributed by the author to Russians or those who sympathise with them, reveals and clarifies one of the most significant categorical oppositions in George Sand’s novels structure — “natural / artificial.” The image of Russia and Russians in the writer’s works appears as a background. It is shaped by stereotypes that have already been fixed in the consciousness and are easily recognisable to the French reader, which turns out to be consonant with her negativist perception of Russian history, foreign policy, and state ideals

Contradicción entre la ley y las subreglas con consideración psicológica

In this article authors suggest to consider features of hybrid reality, both in psychology, and in law. Authors investigate opportunities and dangers of the virtual world. Reveal the main psychological aspects provoking the person to plunge into Internet space. Also in article the main tendencies and the directions of transformation of the modern legislation connected with need to provide a condition of information security for the individual, societies, and the states in general are shown, difficulties of implementation of legal regulation and administrative control in digital space are analyzed, and the appeal of the virtual world to inhabitants, including, and in connection with his weak accountability from is at the same time proved out of.En este artículo, los autores sugieren considerar las características de la realidad híbrida, tanto en psicología como en derecho. Los autores investigan las oportunidades y los peligros del mundo virtual. Revele los principales aspectos psicológicos que provocan que la persona se sumerja en elespacio de Internet. También en el artículo se muestran las principales tendencias y las direcciones de transformación de la legislación moderna relacionada con la necesidad de proporcionar una condición de seguridad de la información para el individuo, las sociedades y los estados en general, las dificultades de implementación de la regulación legal y el control administrativo en digital se analizan los espacios, y se demuestra al mismo tiempo el atractivo del mundo virtual para los habitantes, incluidos y en relación con su débil rendición de cuentas

La vida en la realidad híbrida: problemas de psicología y derecho

In this article, authors suggest considering features of hybrid reality, both in psychology and in law. Authors investigate the opportunities and dangers of the virtual world. Reveal the main psychological aspects provoking the person to plunge into Internet space. Also in article the main tendencies and the directions of transformation of the modern legislation connected with need to provide a condition of information security for the individual, societies, and the states, in general, are shown, difficulties of implementation of legal regulation and administrative control in digital space are analyzed, and the appeal of the virtual world to inhabitants, including, and in connection with his weak accountability from is at the same time proved out of.En este artículo, los autores sugieren considerar las características de la realidad híbrida, tanto en psicología como en derecho. Los autores investigan las oportunidades y los peligros del mundo virtual. Revele los principales aspectos psicológicos que provocan que la persona se sumerja en el espacio de Internet. También en el artículo se muestran las principales tendencias y las direcciones de transformación de la legislación moderna relacionada con la necesidad de proporcionar una condición de seguridad de la información para el individuo, las sociedades y los estados, en general, las dificultades de implementación de la regulación legal y el control administrativo en el espacio digital se analizan, y el atractivo del mundo virtual para los habitantes, incluidos, y en relación con su débil rendición de cuentas, se demuestra al mismo tiempo

Contradiction Between Law and Sub-Rules With Psychological Consideration

In this article authors suggest to consider features of hybrid reality, both in psychology, and in law. Authors investigate opportunities and dangers of the virtual world. Reveal the main psychological aspects provoking the person to plunge into Internet space. Also in article the main tendencies and the directions of transformation of the modern legislation connected with need to provide a condition of information security for the individual, societies, and the states in general are shown, difficulties of implementation of legal regulation and administrative control in digital space are analyzed, and the appeal of the virtual world to inhabitants, including, and in connection with his weak accountability from is at the same time proved out of

Mathematical model of elastic ribbed shell dynamics interaction with viscous liquid under vibration

The mechanical model of the system, formed by two surfaces of the coaxial cylindrical shells interacting with viscous incompressible liquid between them under vibration, is considered. The outer shell is geometrically irregular, and inner one is an absolutely rigid cylinder. The mathematical model of this system, consisting of differential equations in partial derivatives for describing dynamics of viscous incompressible liquid and an elastic ribbed shell together with boundary conditions is constructed. The expressions for amplitude frequency characteristics of outer geometrically irregular shell are discovered

Mathematical modeling of hydroelastic walls oscillations of the channel on Winkler foundation under vibrations

The bending oscillations of a narrow slit channel walls with highly viscous liquid inside and put on a vibrating Winkler foundation are investigated. The channel walls bending oscillations laws are discovered on the basis of hydroelasticity problem solution, as well as pressure in the liquid ones. The deflections amplitudes distribution and liquid pressure along the channel functions are constructed. The obtained results allow investigating dynamic processes, conditioned by constructions elastic elements and viscous liquid interaction in lubrication system, damping and various devices and units

Influence of ultrafine particles on structure, mechanical properties, and strengthening of ductile cast iron

Integrated assessment of the influence of an ultrafine mixture TiO2 + ZrO2 + Na3AlF6 on the formation of the structure, mechanical properties, and strengthening of ductile cast iron was made in the paper. The structural-phase composition of ductile cast iron was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and a transmission electron microscope. Plastic deformation was determined during testing of uniaxial compression. The change in the structural state of the alloy and in its mechanical properties was observed. Quantitative assessment of contributions of separate physical mechanisms to strengthening characteristics of unmodified and modified ductile cast iron was made

Transcriptome‐based phylogeny of endemic Lake Baikal amphipod species flock: fast speciation accompanied by frequent episodes of positive selection

Endemic species flocks inhabiting ancient lakes, oceanic islands and other long‐lived isolated habitats are often interpreted as adaptive radiations. Yet molecular evidence for directional selection during species flocks radiation is scarce. Using partial transcriptomes of 64 species of Lake Baikal (Siberia, Russia) endemic amphipods and two nonendemic outgroups, we report a revised phylogeny of this species flock and analyse evidence for positive selection within the endemic lineages. We confirm two independent invasions of amphipods into Baikal and demonstrate that several morphological features of Baikal amphipods, such as body armour and reduction in appendages and sensory organs, evolved in several lineages in parallel. Radiation of Baikal amphipods has been characterized by short phylogenetic branches and frequent episodes of positive selection which tended to be more frequent in the early phase of the second invasion of amphipods into Baikal when the most intensive diversification occurred. Notably, signatures of positive selection are frequent in genes encoding mitochondrial membrane proteins with electron transfer chain and ATP synthesis functionality. In particular, subunits of both the membrane and substrate‐level ATP synthases show evidence of positive selection in the plankton species Macrohectopus branickii, possibly indicating adaptation to active plankton lifestyle and to survival under conditions of low temperature and high hydrostatic pressures known to affect membranes functioning. Other functional categories represented among genes likely to be under positive selection include Ca‐binding muscle‐related proteins, possibly indicating adaptation to Ca‐deficient low mineralization Baikal waters.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136009/1/mec13927.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136009/2/mec13927_am.pd

STUDENT ATTITUDE TO DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA

Purpose of the study: Since the new generation is the main entity of material and social benefits’ renewal process of any state, the article aims to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia. It is the younger generation of different age groups that is the main labor unit of the state population. Relevant is the fact that the issues of demography are a global challenge of self-organizing society.  The purpose of the article is to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia, as well as to consider various models of reproductive behavior. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem is the survey method, which allows to make a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia and to establish the subjective position of students regarding demographic development. Results: The article reveals that the following administrative and legal measures contribute to the improvement of the demographic situation in the country (legislative acts regulating the marriage age, divorce, attitude to abortion and contraception, the status of mother and children in the divorce, working women’s labor regime); economic measures (paid leave, various benefits at child’s birth, preferential credit conditions if necessary, tax and housing benefits); educational measures (formation of public opinion, the core and standards of demographic behavior, determination of attitude to religious norms, traditions and customs, family planning policy, sexual education of youth). The authors established a high level of awareness of students about the demographic situation in the country; the presence of anxiety about this situation. Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in sociology, social psychology, political science, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study revealed a high level of awareness of young people about the demographic situation in the country, certain anxiety about this situation. However, young people are not in a hurry to participate in the solution of demographic problems, referring mainly to the difficulties of material nature. This indicates the need for more careful consideration of measures of state support for young families, taking into account the research of their opinion on this matter