95 research outputs found

    Efficacy of trabectedin in metastatic solitary fibrous tumor

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    Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare tumor type and has an unpredictable course. Local recurrence rate varies between 9 and 19%, and rate of metastatic involvement between 0 and 36 %. It is characterized by a typical architecture and immuno-histochemistry tests. The most important prognostic factor is the complete resection of primary tumor. Treatment of recurrences is not clearly established. If a solitary fibrous tumor is too advanced to allow surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used. The most often used drugs are doxorubicine and\or ifosfamide. We report the case of man with metastatic solitary fibrous tumor treated with trabectedin, administered at a dose of 1.5 mg/m² every 3 weeks. After 3 cycles, metastases had significantly decreased. Recurrence of the disease was demonstrated 8 months after the start of trabectedin. This case shows that trabectedin is a possible treatment option

    GWAS in the SIGNAL/PHARE clinical cohort restricts the association between the FGFR2 locus and estrogen receptor status to HER2-negative breast cancer patients

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    International audienceGenetic polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk. Clinical and epidemiological observations suggest that clinical characteristics of breast cancer, such as estrogen receptor or HER2 status, are also influenced by hereditary factors. To identify genetic variants associated with pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients, a Genome Wide Association Study was performed in a cohort of 9365 women from the French nationwide SIGNAL/PHARE studies (NCT00381901/RECF1098). Strong association between the FGFR2 locus and ER status of breast cancer patients was observed (ER-positive n=6211, ER-negative n=2516; rs3135718 OR=1.34 p=5.46x10-12). This association was limited to patients with HER2-negative tumors (ER-positive n=4267, ER-negative n=1185; rs3135724 OR=1.85 p=1.16x10-11). The FGFR2 locus is known to be associated with breast cancer risk. This study provides sound evidence for an association between variants in the FGFR2 locus and ER status among breast cancer patients, particularly among patients with HER2-negative disease. This refinement of the association between FGFR2 variants and ER-status to HER2-negative disease provides novel insight to potential biological and clinical influence of genetic polymorphisms on breast tumors

    A whole-genome sequence and transcriptome perspective on HER2-positive breast cancers.

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    HER2-positive breast cancer has long proven to be a clinically distinct class of breast cancers for which several targeted therapies are now available. However, resistance to the treatment associated with specific gene expressions or mutations has been observed, revealing the underlying diversity of these cancers. Therefore, understanding the full extent of the HER2-positive disease heterogeneity still remains challenging. Here we carry out an in-depth genomic characterization of 64 HER2-positive breast tumour genomes that exhibit four subgroups, based on the expression data, with distinctive genomic features in terms of somatic mutations, copy-number changes or structural variations. The results suggest that, despite being clinically defined by a specific gene amplification, HER2-positive tumours melt into the whole luminal-basal breast cancer spectrum rather than standing apart. The results also lead to a refined ERBB2 amplicon of 106 kb and show that several cases of amplifications are compatible with a breakage-fusion-bridge mechanism

    Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences.

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    We analysed whole-genome sequences of 560 breast cancers to advance understanding of the driver mutations conferring clonal advantage and the mutational processes generating somatic mutations. We found that 93 protein-coding cancer genes carried probable driver mutations. Some non-coding regions exhibited high mutation frequencies, but most have distinctive structural features probably causing elevated mutation rates and do not contain driver mutations. Mutational signature analysis was extended to genome rearrangements and revealed twelve base substitution and six rearrangement signatures. Three rearrangement signatures, characterized by tandem duplications or deletions, appear associated with defective homologous-recombination-based DNA repair: one with deficient BRCA1 function, another with deficient BRCA1 or BRCA2 function, the cause of the third is unknown. This analysis of all classes of somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer genes and mutational processes operating, and progresses towards a comprehensive account of the somatic genetic basis of breast cancer

    Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

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    Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

    Démarche d'analyse de la faisabilité d'un projet de recherche clinique institutionnel au sein de la PUI de l'Hôpital Edouard Herriot

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    La réalisation des essais cliniques se fait dans un cadre scientifique, éthique et juridique bien établi afin de garantir le droit et la sécurité des personnes participant à la recherche. Ils sont encadrés par un dispositif législatif et réglementaire qui précise les responsabilités de chaque acteur. Dans le cadre de cette activité, les centres hospitalo-universitaires peuvent participer en tant que promoteurs institutionnels. Parmi les responsabilités d'un promoteur institutionnel, la réalisation d'une étude de faisabilité de la recherche est indispensable. En effet, il doit vérifier que tous les moyens techniques et humains soient disponibles, que des procédures soient rédigées, vérifiées et validées ainsi que tout document assurant le bon déroulement de l'essai. Les pharmacies à Usage Intérieur (PUI) participent à cette activité en assurant la préparation et/ou le conditionnement et/ou la distribution du médicament expérimental (ME) et doivent réaliser une analyse de faisabilité pharmaceutique. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire la méthodologie d'évaluation de la faisabilité d'un essai clinique institutionnel au sein de la PUI de l'hôpital Edouard Herriot (Hospices Civils de Lyon) avant d'accepter ou de refuser un projet de recherche. Dans ce contexte, nous avons d'abord effectué une revue bibliographique de l'environnement réglementaire et éthique de la recherche clinique, l'approche qualité de cette activité et le rôle du pharmacien hospitalier dans la mise en forme pharmaceutique et l'élaboration du dossier pharmaceutique du ME. Nous avons ensuite détaillé l'analyse de faisabilité réalisée sur un projet de recherche clinique institutionnel portant sur l'allopurinol. Dans la dernière partie, nous avons, à partir de cet exemple, mis en place une démarche d'évaluation de la faisabilité afin de l'appliquer à tous les essais cliniques institutionnels au sein de la PUI de l'hôpital Edouard Herriot. A l'issue de cette analyse, une grille a été rédigée pour standardiser cette démarche de validation de la faisabilité de tout nouvel essai clinique. Les critères d'évaluation de cette grille ne sont pas exhaustifs et feront, si nécessaire, l'objet des évolutions grâce aux indicateurs de suivi après une certaine période d'utilisationLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
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