Cotylophoron fülleborni Nasmark, 1937 (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae). Primer Reporte Para Venezuela

Paramphistomosis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodos belonging to the family Paramphistomidae. These parasites are found particularly in the rumen and reticulum, but may also be found in the smal intestine when inmature. Cotylophoron genus affects bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo, and wild ruminants. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions where environmental conditions such as high humidity, as well as the presence of the suitable intermadiate host allow a successful development of its life cycle. In order to identify the species of Paramphistomidae, the parasites were collected directly from the rumen of 38 bovine that resulted positive in postmortem examination of 150 slaughtered. Parasites underwent histologic mid-sagittal sections, and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin; after which they were identified as Cotylophoron fülleborni. this is a first report in registering the Cotylophoron fülleborni presence in Venezuela.La paramfistomosis es una parasitosis ocasionada por trematodos pertenecientes a la familia Paramphistomidae, localizados principalmente en el rumen y retículo de rumiantes. El género Cotylophoron afecta bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, búfalos y rumiantes silvestres y está ampliamente distribuido en regiones tropicales y subtropicales en donde las condiciones de humedad y la presencia del hospedador intermediario adecuado permiten que su ciclo evolutivo se desarrolle completamente. Para la identificación de la especie se realizó la colecta de los parásitos directamente del rumen de 38 bovinos que resultaron positivos de 150 examinados y sacrificados a nivel de matadero. Los parásitos fueron sometidos a cortes histológicos sagitales a nivel medio y coloreados con hematoxilina-eosina e identificados como Cotylophoron fülleborni, constituyendo este el primer reporte de su presencia en Venezuela

Sector medioambiental en el Per? : marco regulatorio, actores y oportunidades de negocio

A pesar del creciente inter?s que el tema del medio ambiente despierta en el Per?, poco se ha investigado sobre la estructura propia de este sector. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este libro es explorar la estructura del sector medioambiental en el Per? en t?rminos econ?micos, analizando el marco legal que lo regula, estudiando la oferta y demanda medioambiental, para a partir de ah? identificar las principales oportunidades de negocios que se presentan en la actual coyuntura de discusiones y consensos para enfrentar el cambio clim?tico. Se explora, analiza y describe lo que ser? propiamente el mercado medioambiental peruano; c?mo diversas empresas, instituciones y ONG proveen una oferta de servicios que atienden de alguna u otra forma la demanda, desde simples estudios de impacto ambiental hasta complejas consultor?as para la estructuraci?n de bonos de carbono. Ello genera un 'mercado medioambiental' que muestra indicios de crecimiento, por lo cual tambi?n se identifican las principales oportunidades de negocio que surgen, sobre todo a partir de una serie de mecanismos regulatorios que llevan a empresas y organizaciones a invertir recursos en esta materia. La creciente conciencia ambiental por parte de consumidores que ven en el cuidado del medio ambiente un valor intangible diferenciador, as? como las nuevas formas de financiamiento a trav?s de los proyectos MDL y de las tendencias mundiales y locales de responsabilidad social empresarial, contribuyen a generar oportunidades de negocio y plantear una agenda por desarrollar en este nuevo sector econ?mico

Regulation of mammalian liver methionine adenosyltransferase

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an essential metabolite in all cells. SAM is the most important biological methyl group donor and is a precursor in the synthesis of polyamines. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT; EC 2.5.1.6) catalyzes the only known SAM biosynthetic reaction from methionine and ATP. In mammalian tissues, three different forms of MAT (MAT I, MAT III and MAT II) have been identified that are the product of two different genes (MAT1A and MAT2A). Although MAT2A is expressed in all mammalian tissues, the expression of MAT1A is primarily restricted to adult liver. In mammals, up to 85% of all methylation reactions and as much as 48% of methionine metabolism occurs in the liver, which indicates the important role of this organ in the regulation of blood methionine. Recent evidence indicates that not only is SAM the main biological methyl group donor and an intermediate metabolite in methionine catabolism, but it is also an intracellular control switch that regulates essential hepatic functions such as liver regeneration and differentiation as well as the sensitivity of this organ to injury. Therefore, knowledge of factors that regulate the activity of MAT I/III, the specific liver enzyme, is essential to understand how cellular SAM levels are controlled

Vías y escenarios de la transformación laboral: aproximaciones teóricas y nuevos problemas

Los procesos de globalización y de reestructuración empresarial apuntan a transformaciones en las formas de trabajo, en las relaciones laborales, en las identidades de los trabajadores y en las profesiones. Investigar y reflexionar sobre estos campos del saber se hace más acuciante hoy en día debido a que dichos cambios no apuntan necesariamente a mejoras en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores ni a la institucionalización de la negociación de las relaciones laborales en el espacio empresarial.Reconstruir el mundo del trabajo desde diversos puntos de vista teóricos y desde abordajes empíricos, tanto nacionales como internacionales, es el esfuerzo del libro. Problemáticas como la construcción social del trabajo en categoría de empleo; las relaciones laborales en España, Venezuela, México y Colombia; la transformación productiva vinculada a la introducción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC´s) y la configuración de redes empresariales; la informalidad; las identidades profesionales y la educación como mecanismo de movilidad social, hacen parte del complejo y cambiante mundo del trabaja, expuestos en este libro

Steroid hormone-related polymorphisms associate with the development of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis and help to predict disease progression: Results from the REPAIR consortium

Here, we assessed whether 41 SNPs within steroid hormone genes associated with erosive disease. The most relevant finding was the rheumatoid factor (RF)-specific effect of the CYP1B1, CYP2C9, ESR2, FcγR3A, and SHBG SNPs to modulate the risk of bone erosions (P = 0.004, 0.0007, 0.0002, 0.013 and 0.015) that was confirmed through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM registry (P = 0.000081, 0.0022, 0.00074, 0.0067 and 0.0087, respectively). Mechanistically, we also found a gender-specific correlation of the CYP2C9rs1799853T/T genotype with serum vitamin D3 levels (P = 0.00085) and a modest effect on IL1β levels after stimulation of PBMCs or blood with LPS and PHA (P = 0.0057 and P = 0.0058). An overall haplotype analysis also showed an association of 3 ESR1 haplotypes with a reduced risk of erosive arthritis (P = 0.009, P = 0.002, and P = 0.002). Furthermore, we observed that the ESR2, ESR1 and FcγR3A SNPs influenced the immune response after stimulation of PBMCs or macrophages with LPS or Pam3Cys (P = 0.002, 0.0008, 0.0011 and 1.97•10−7). Finally, we found that a model built with steroid hormone-related SNPs significantly improved the prediction of erosive disease in seropositive patients (PRF+ = 2.46•10−8) whereas no prediction was detected in seronegative patients (PRF− = 0.36). Although the predictive ability of the model was substantially lower in the replication population (PRF+ = 0.014), we could confirm that CYP1B1 and CYP2C9 SNPs help to predict erosive disease in seropositive patients. These results are the first to suggest a RF-specific association of steroid hormone-related polymorphisms with erosive disease

Phosphorylation of AIB1 at Mitosis Is Regulated by CDK1/CYCLIN B

Although the AIB1 oncogene has an important role during the early phase of the cell cycle as a coactivator of E2F1, little is known about its function during mitosis.Mitotic cells isolated by nocodazole treatment as well as by shake-off revealed a post-translational modification occurring in AIB1 specifically during mitosis. This modification was sensitive to the treatment with phosphatase, suggesting its modification by phosphorylation. Using specific inhibitors and in vitro kinase assays we demonstrate that AIB1 is phosphorylated on Ser728 and Ser867 by Cdk1/cyclin B at the onset of mitosis and remains phosphorylated until exit from M phase. Differences in the sensitivity to phosphatase inhibitors suggest that PP1 mediates dephosphorylation of AIB1 at the end of mitosis. The phosphorylation of AIB1 during mitosis was not associated with ubiquitylation or degradation, as confirmed by western blotting and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, luciferase reporter assays showed that this phosphorylation did not alter the transcriptional properties of AIB1. Importantly, fluorescence microscopy and sub-cellular fractionation showed that AIB1 phosphorylation correlated with the exclusion from the condensed chromatin, thus preventing access to the promoters of AIB1-dependent genes. Phospho-specific antibodies developed against Ser728 further demonstrated the presence of phosphorylated AIB1 only in mitotic cells where it was localized preferentially in the periphery of the cell.Collectively, our results describe a new mechanism for the regulation of AIB1 during mitosis, whereby phosphorylation of AIB1 by Cdk1 correlates with the subcellular redistribution of AIB1 from a chromatin-associated state in interphase to a more peripheral localization during mitosis. At the exit of mitosis, AIB1 is dephosphorylated, presumably by PP1. This exclusion from chromatin during mitosis may represent a mechanism for governing the transcriptional activity of AIB1

Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research