Влияние стандартных схем противоязвенной терапии на клинико-лабораторные показатели у пациентов с язвенной болезнью двенадцатиперстной кишки

При изучении влияния стандартных схем квадритерапии второй линии на динамику клинико−лабораторных показателей у пациентов с язвенной болезнью двенадцатиперстной кишки установлено, что схемы с омепразолом, де−нолом, амоксициллином, тетрациклином и омепразолом, де−нолом, тетрациклином, метронидазолом одинаково влияют на динамику клинических симптомов и частоту эрадикации H. рylori. Однако первая схема более эффективно воздействует на нарушенные механизмы синтеза защитного слизистого барьера и процессы регенерации, что способствует более высокой частоте рубцевания язвы.При вивченні впливу стандартних схем квадрітерапії другої лінії на динаміку клініко−лабораторних показників у пацієнтів із виразковою хворобою дванадцятипалої кишки встановлено, що схеми з омепразолом, де−нолом, амоксициліном, тетрацикліном та омепразолом, де−нолом, тетрацикліном, метронідазолом однаково впливають на динаміку клінічних симптомів і частоту ерадикації H. рylori. Однак перша схема ефективніше впливає на порушені механізми синтезу захисного слизового бар'єру і процеси регенерації, що сприяє більш високій частоті рубцювання виразки.The investigation of the effect of standard schemes of second−line quadritherapy on the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with duodenal ulcer disease revealed that the scheme with Omeprazole, De−Nol, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline and Omeprazole De−Nol, Tetracycline, Metronidazole influence equally the dynamics of clinical symptoms and frequency of eradication of H. pylori. However, the first scheme more effectively influenced the disorders in the mechanism of synthesis of protective mucus barrier and regeneration processes, which contributed to the high frequency of ulcer cicatrisation

Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO2-modulated disease resistance

Main conclusion Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and can contribute to altered disease resistance levels in response to changing atmospheric CO2 conditions. Abstract β-Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in CO2 metabolism and plant development, but have also been implicated in plant immunity. Here we show that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and application of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flg22 repress CA1 and CA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the CA double-mutant ca1ca4, we provide evidence that CA1 and CA4 play an attenuating role in pathogen- and flg22-triggered immune responses. In line with this, ca1ca4 plants exhibited enhanced resistance against P. syringae, which was accompanied by an increased expression of the defense-related genes FRK1 and ICS1. Under low atmospheric CO2 conditions (150 ppm), when CA activity is typically low, the levels of CA1 transcription and resistance to P. syringae in wild-type Col-0 were similar to those observed in ca1ca4. However, under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) atmospheric CO2 conditions, CA1 transcription was enhanced and resistance to P. syringae reduced. Together, these results suggest that CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and that differential CA gene expression in response to changing atmospheric CO2 conditions contribute to altered disease resistance levels

Corrigendum: How Can We Define “Optimal Microbiota?”: A Comparative Review of Structure and Functions of Microbiota of Animals, Fish, and Plants in Agriculture

In the original article, we regret that the following Funding statement was missing: This work was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through JSPS Core-to-Core Program (Advanced Research Networks) entitled Establishment of international agricultural immunology research-core for a quantum improvement in food safety. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p

Attenuation of pattern recognition receptor signaling is mediated by a MAP kinase kinase kinase

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a key role in plant and animal innate immunity. PRR binding of their cognate ligand triggers a signaling network and activates an immune response. Activation of PRR signaling must be controlled prior to ligand binding to prevent spurious signaling and immune activation. Flagellin perception in Arabidopsis through FLAGELLIN‐SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) induces the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and immunity. However, the precise molecular mechanism that connects activated FLS2 to downstream MAPK cascades remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of a differentially phosphorylated MAP kinase kinase kinase that also interacts with FLS2. Using targeted proteomics and functional analysis, we show that MKKK7 negatively regulates flagellin‐triggered signaling and basal immunity and this requires phosphorylation of MKKK7 on specific serine residues. MKKK7 attenuates MPK6 activity and defense gene expression. Moreover, MKKK7 suppresses the reactive oxygen species burst downstream of FLS2, suggesting that MKKK7‐mediated attenuation of FLS2 signaling occurs through direct modulation of the FLS2 complex

Із зали засідань Президії НАН України

20 червня 2012 року відбулося виїзне засідання Президії Національної академії наук України на запрошення президента — генерального конструктора Державного підприємства «АНТОНОВ» академіка НАН України Д.С. Ківи

Plant perception of β-aminobutyric acid is mediated by an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase

Specific chemicals can prime the plant immune system for augmented defense. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a priming agent that provides broad-spectrum disease protection. However, BABA also suppresses plant growth when applied in high doses, which has hampered its application as a crop defense activator. Here we describe a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that is impaired in BABA-induced disease immunity (ibi1) but is hypersensitive to BABA-induced growth repression. IBI1 encodes an aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Enantiomer-specific binding of the R enantiomer of BABA to IBI1 primed the protein for noncanonical defense signaling in the cytoplasm after pathogen attack. This priming was associated with aspartic acid accumulation and tRNA-induced phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α. However, mutation of eIF2α-phosphorylating GCN2 kinase did not affect BABA-induced immunity but relieved BABA-induced growth repression. Hence, BABA-activated IBI1 controls plant immunity and growth via separate pathways. Our results open new opportunities to separate broad-spectrum disease resistance from the associated costs on plant growth

Kinome Profiling Reveals an Interaction Between Jasmonate, Salicylate and Light Control of Hyponastic Petiole Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants defend themselves against infection by biotic attackers by producing distinct phytohormones. Especially jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are well known defense-inducing hormones. Here, the effects of MeJA and SA on the Arabidopsis thaliana kinome were monitored using PepChip arrays containing kinase substrate peptides to analyze posttranslational interactions in MeJA and SA signaling pathways and to test if kinome profiling can provide leads to predict posttranslational events in plant signaling. MeJA and SA mediate differential phosphorylation of substrates for many kinase families. Also some plant specific substrates were differentially phosphorylated, including peptides derived from Phytochrome A, and Photosystem II D protein. This indicates that MeJA and SA mediate cross-talk between defense signaling and light responses. We tested the predicted effects of MeJA and SA using light-mediated upward leaf movement (differential petiole growth also called hyponastic growth). We found that MeJA, infestation by the JA-inducing insect herbivore Pieris rapae, and SA suppressed low light-induced hyponastic growth. MeJA and SA acted in a synergistic fashion via two (partially) divergent signaling routes. This work demonstrates that kinome profiling using PepChip arrays can be a valuable complementary ∼omics tool to give directions towards predicting behavior of organisms after a given stimulus and can be used to obtain leads for physiological relevant phenomena in planta