Expertise et planification territoriale dans l'agglomération toulousaine : les recompositions centre-périphérie à l'oeuvre

ISSN 1276-4930International audienceLa création par la loi Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain du 13 décembre 2000 des Schémas de Cohérence Territoriale en remplacement des Schémas Directeurs a initié un renouveau de la planification dans lequel se sont engagées de nombreuses agglomérations puisque 333 SCOT étaient approuvés, en cours ou en projet au 1 er janvier 2009. De nombreux travaux se sont saisis de cet objet qui s'impose à la multitude des politiques sectorielles locales (Plans Locaux de l'Habitat, Plans de Déplacements Urbains, Plans locaux d'Urbanisme…) dans une logique de développement durable. Face à des approches qui posent essentiellement la question de la « bonne échelle » de leur périmètre, de leur articulation avec les autres documents sectoriels ou de leur efficacité dans les objectifs qu'ils se sont fixés (Desjardins, Leroux, 2007), notre approche croisera deux entrées : celle du rôle de l'expertise dans les étapes d'élaboration d'un SCOT et celle de la territorialisation attendue ou induite par cette élaboration. Derrière l'expertise, « production d'une connaissance spécifique pour l'action » (Lascoumes, 2002), qui nous conduira à examiner le contenu des diagnostics et modèles de développement proposés, il s'agira aussi de s'intéresser aux figures de l'expert, à leur diversification et à leur concurrence face à des problèmes de plus en plus complexes. Cette complexification va de pair avec celle de l'action publique qui se « territorialise » selon différents processus qui se combinent : mécanismes de décentralisation et de déconcentration de l'Etat qui agit désormais au plus près des territoires locaux, évolution de l'accès à la sphère politique et de son fonctionnement et prise en compte du caractère spatial des problèmes par l'action publique, au détriment d'une approche sectorielle. Face à cette complexité, nous considérerons la territorialisation comme un processus de construction du territoire prenant sa source dans la construction de représentations communes à laquelle l'expertise contribue ou peut contribuer

Novel mRNA-specific effects of ribosome drop-off on translation rate and polysome profile

IS and MCR were supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk) BB/N017161/1. IS was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk) BB/I020926/1. PB and MCR were supported by the Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance (SULSA) (http://www.sulsa.ac.uk). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Multicenter evaluation of a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for everolimus concentrations in whole blood

Background: The precise monitoring of everolimus, an immunosuppressant drug, is vital for transplant recipients due to its narrow therapeutic range. This study evaluated the analytical performance of a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for everolimus concentrations in whole blood. Methods: Accuracy, imprecision, and sensitivity studies for the Roche Elecsys everolimus ECLIA were performed at 5 European laboratories. The ECLIA was compared with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, as well as the Quantitative Microsphere System everolimus assay. Results: Everolimus ECLIA accuracies were within the range 100% +/- 9%. Coefficients of variation (CVs) across the target range were <= 4.8% for repeatability and <= 8.4% for intermediate imprecision, whereas multisite reproducibility at lower (2.71 mcg/L) and higher everolimus concentrations (3.0-30.0 mcg/L) resulted in CVs of <= 13.7% and <= 12.4%, respectively. The CV at the assay's lower limit of quantification without considering bias was excellent, estimated as <= 9.3% at 0.5 mcg/L. The weighted Deming regression analysis, used for comparison of the results obtained by everolimus ECLIA and by LC-MS/MS methods, yielded a slope of 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.26], intercept of 0.478 mcg/L (95% CI: 0.241-0.716), and a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.91. A single-site comparison between the ECLIA and the Quantitative Microsphere System assay revealed a slope of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.917-1.17), intercept of 1.03 mcg/L (95% CI: 0.351-1.70), and r of 0.91. Conclusions: Based on these results, the Roche Elecsys everolimus ECLIA can be considered suitable for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. A positive bias was observed with respect to LC-MS/MS methods, suggesting that it may be necessary to rebaseline individual patients when switching from LC-MS/MS to the ECLIA; however, this must also be considered for any change of method for everolimus measurement

HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENT CHANGES IN THE HACHICHINA WETLAND (GULF OF GABES, TUNISIA) EVIDENCED BY FORAMINIFERA AND OSTRACODA, GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL ANALYSES

Four sediment cores, drilled at Younga and Ouadrane Sebkhas (Hachichina wetland), were selected for micropalaeontological, sedimentological, geochronological and geochemical investigation coupled to hierarchical cluster and correspondence analysis. Our research aimed at reconstructing the past biodiversity, the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution and the responsible forcing. Subsurface sediments record four major phases: i) the first one is characterized by poorly to very poorly sorted silts, the dominance of the lagoonal/estuarine ostracod and the lagoonal/marine foraminifera and high values of terrestrial geochemical element ratios, such as K/Al and Fe/Al, which indicate an estuarine lagoon; ii) two major marine transgressions, TR1 and TR2, allowing the settlement of widely opened lagoons towards 7160-8680 and 5070-5520 cal yr BP, are marked by the enhancement of the marine/brackish ostracods and marine foraminifera, the improvement of species number, individuals number and H and E index values and of the marine element ratios such as Cl/Al and Sr/Al; iii) the opening of the lagoon is hampered by the action of drift currents allowing the genesis of sand spit and the settlement of a closed lagoon, towards 2610-3610 cal yr BP, characterized by the enhancement of lagoonal/estuarine ostracods and lagoonal/marine foraminifera and the increase of the individuals number; iv) the dominance of the lagoonal/estuarine ostracods and the lagoonal/marine foraminifera and the decline of the species number and density mark a brackish lagoon, also characterized by very poorly sorted silts transported by uniform suspension, which evolves to the actual sebkha. This evolution, within a global climate alteration context, from an estuarine environment to the present sebkha passing by an opened lagoon, is linked to the complex hydrographic setting of the sebkhas and of the Ouadrane Wadi outlet discharging in the Hachichina wetland

Distribution of living benthic foraminifera in the northern Chukchi Sea

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Arktos. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-018-0062-y.Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were studied in the topmost sediments of five multi- and box cores collected on the continental shelf, upper and lower slopes, of the Chukchi Sea to provide background information on modern benthic foraminiferal distribution, useful for future studies. Sediment cores were collected during August–September 2015, when the area is seasonally ice-free. Benthic foraminiferal contents in the 63–125 µm and > 125 µm size fractions are discussed in terms of water masses distribution, and sedimentological (grain size) and organic geochemical (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and δ13Corg) characteristics of the surface sediments. Marine organic carbon-rich clay sediments characterize the faunal microhabitats. Despite relatively high organic carbon contents, standing stocks of living benthic foraminifera are generally low, especially for the 63–125 µm size fraction. This low living stock seems to reflect post-bloom conditions in August and September in the area. The reduced supply of fresh organic carbon also affects faunal microhabitats in the sediment with a concentration of living fauna in the upper 2 cm of the sediment. Over the Chukchi Sea shelf, a relatively mixed upper sediment layer likely due to bioturbation or bio-structures induces a disturbed vertical distribution in the sediment. Corrosive Pacific-derived bottom water over the shelf likely explains the relative importance of agglutinated vs. calcareous fauna in this shallow setting. Our results suggest that, in a post-bloom context, the main environmental control on benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Chukchi Sea is the nature of the bottom water masses

Système de vision temps réel embarqué sur robots mobiles quadrupèdes dans le cadre de la « SONY legged RoboCup »

Nous présentons la programmation d'un Système de Vision Temps Réel Embarqué sur un robot quadrupède mobile et autonome, conçu et réalisé par SONY dans le contexte de la RoboCup (compétition de robots jouant au football en équipe). Nous analysons les problèmes rencontrés par le système de vision temps réel : l'éclairage, la puissance de calcul disponible, ainsi que le contexte temps réel dans le cas d'un robot à pattes

Méthode d'optimisation temporelle des algorithmes de vision

- Compte tenu de la puissance de calcul disponible sur les robots mobiles, la recherche d'une optimisation temporelle devient un élément fondamental. Dans ce papier, une méthode est proposée, illustrée par deux applications réalisées. Enfin, nous présentons des résultats numériques, issus de « benchmarks » quantifiant les améliorations réalisées

Deletion of the myeloid endothelin-B receptor confers long-term protection from angiotensin II-mediated renal, retinal &amp; vascular injury

International audienceThe endothelin system may be an important player in hypertensive end-organ injury as endothelin-1 increases blood pressure and is pro-inflammatory. The immune system is emerging as an important regulator of blood pressure and we have shown that the early hypertensive response to angiotensin-II infusion was amplified in mice deficient of myeloid endothelin-B (ETB) receptors (LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox). Hypothesizing that these mice would display enhanced organ injury, we gave angiotensin-II to LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox and littermate controls (Ednrblox/lox) for six weeks. Unexpectedly, LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice were significantly protected from organ injury, with less proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and inflammation of the kidney compared to controls. In the eye, LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice had fewer retinal hemorrhages, less microglial activation and less vessel rarefaction. Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were similar in both groups at week six but LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice had better endothelial function. Although blood pressure was initially higher in LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice, this was not sustained. A natriuretic switch at about two weeks, due to enhanced ETB signaling in the kidney, induced a hypertensive reversal. By week six, blood pressure was lower in LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice than in controls. At six weeks, macrophages from LysM-CreEdnrblox/lox mice were more anti-inflammatory and had greater phagocytic ability compared to the macrophages of Ednrblox/lox mice. Thus, myeloid cell ETB receptor signaling drives this injury both through amplifying hypertension and by inflammatory polarization of macrophages

Diffuse laser illumination for Maxwellian view Doppler holography of the retina

We describe the advantages of diffuse illumination in laser holography for ophthalmology. The presence of a diffusing element introduces an angular diversity of the optical radiation and reduces its spatial coherence, which spreads out the energy distribution of the illumination beam in the focal plane of the eyepiece. The field of view of digitally computed retinal images can easily be increased as the eyepiece can be moved closer to the cornea to obtain a Maxwellian view of the retina without compromising ocular safety. Compliance with American and European safety standards for ophthalmic devices is more easily obtained by preventing the presence of a laser hot spot observed in front of the cornea in the absence of a scattering element. Diffuse laser illumination does not introduce any adverse effects on digitally computed laser Doppler images.Comment: 9 page

第1038回千葉医学会例会・平成13年度千葉大学大学院医学研究院胸部外科学・基礎病理学例会

Heatmap of data sets correlation. Heatmap of correlation between selected genes expression profiles and monosaccharide content of cell wall (%NSP) or oligosaccharides relative content in glucanase digest during apple development and ripening. Positive and negative correlations are respectively shown in red and blue colours. (XLSX 28 kb